Lung radiofrequency ablation in patients with pulmonary metastases from musculoskeletal sarcomas

BACKGROUND:

The authors retrospectively evaluated the impact of lung radiofrequency (RF) ablation on survival in patients with lung metastases from musculoskeletal sarcomas.

METHODS:

Lung RF ablation was done under the real‐time computed tomography (CT) fluoroscopy. Safety, local tumor progression, and survival were evaluated in 2 institutions.

RESULTS:

Lung RF ablation was performed in 20 consecutive patients. The mean maximum tumor diameter was 14 ± 9 mm (range, 5‐40 mm) and the mean tumor number 7 ± 6 (range, 1‐18) per patient. Pneumothorax requiring chest tube placement developed in 24 of 63 RF sessions (38%). During the mean follow‐up period of 18 months (range, 7 months to 54 months), 9 of 20 patients died of lung tumor progression. The 1‐ and 3‐year survival rates from RF ablation were 58% (95% confidence interval [CI], 33.3‐82.6%) and 29% (95% CI, 0‐59.9%) with a median survival time of 12.9 months in all patients. Ablation of all lung tumors was the only significantly better prognostic factors in both the univariate analysis and the multivariate analyses. The 1‐ and 3‐year survival rates were 88.9% (95% CI, 69.3%‐100%) and 59.2% (95% CI, 10.2%‐100%) in 11 patients with complete tumor ablation.

CONCLUSIONS:

Lung RF ablation is a safe and useful therapeutic option for selected patients. (R#1) Prognostic factors identified in our study will help to stratify those patients who may benefit from lung RF ablation. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.     

Radiofrequency ablation]

RF interstitial thermal ablation (RFA) has yielded satisfactory results in the treatment of both primary and secondary hepatic tumors with no serious complications. We describe our experience with 163 patients who had this treatment. We used the RITA Needle electrode (model 30; four hooks, model 70; seven hooks) in 101 cases, the LeVeen Needle electrode in 32 cases and the Cool-tips type electrode in 30 cases. Post treatment tumor necrosis was evaluated by dynamic CT or SPIO MRI in all cases. The mean number of RFA sessions to complete tumor nodule treatment was 1.2 (1 session; 85%, 2 sessions; 12%, more than 3 sessions 3%). The mean complete necrosis area of single ablation with RITA Needle electrode was 31.3 +/- 6.1 mm x 29.6 +/- 5.5 mm. Seventy-two patients were followed up for 6-24 months (means; 15.2 months). Of these patients, 4 (5.6%) showed local recurrence. No fatal or major complications related to the treatment or to the diagnostic procedure were observed. In one of 163 patients, a moderate-to-large pleural effusion was documented after RFA, and resolved by drainage. In conclusion, RF interstitial thermal ablation of hepatic tumor is a safe and effective technique for hepatic tumors.     

Radiofrequency ablation of lung and bone tumors]

Radiofrequency ablation was initially used for treatment of liver primary and metastatic disease. Recently the technique has been used for treatment of kidney, bone, lung, and mammary neoplasms. Radiofrequency electrode is positioned in the target tumor under imaging guidance. For lung or bone tumors, computed tomography is the only method of guidance. Radiofrequency ablation of lung tumor is performed in order to cure the disease and consequently pre-imaging work-up must be equivalent t pre-surgical work-up. Today lung radiofrequency ablation is mostly performed in patients bearing less than 5 tumors and tumors smaller than 4 cm. In such a population of patients radiofrequency ablation has demonstrated a local efficacy of 92% at 9 months, with 95% and 87% for tumor smaller and larger than 2 cm, respectively. Survival benefit still remains unclear. Bone tumors are mostly treat for pain palliation. In a population of 45 patients with a minimal pain of 4 on a scale from 0 to 10, radiofrequency was able to provide a drop of at least 3 points in 84% of patients. Radiofrequency provides a minimally invasive cure of small tumors. It can also be used as a palliative tool.     

Treatment of intrahepatic malignancy with radiofrequency ablation: radiologic-pathologic correlation

BACKGROUND: Radiofrequency (RF)-induced tissue coagulation represents a new approach for the thermal destruction of tumors within the liver. The purpose of the current study was to 1) assess technique safety; 2) determine the extent and evolution of induced cellular damage; and 3) correlate the observed pathologic effects with radiologic studies. METHODS: Twenty-three tumors measuring 3 days after ablation showed definite, contiguous coagulative necrosis without intervening areas of viable tumor. CT and MRI scans demonstrated circumscribed hypodense, nonenhancing regions surrounding the electrode tract as early as 15 minutes after ablation. These corresponded within 2 mm to measurements of coagulation at pathology. CONCLUSIONS: RF ablation is a minimally invasive and safe approach to the treatment of tumors in the liver. Tumors treated with RF energy do not immediately demonstrate coagulative necrosis, but do show evidence of irreversible cellular damage. The extent of tumor necrosis correlates closely with findings at contrast-enhanced imaging.     

Risk factors for local recurrence of small hepatocellular carcinoma tumors after a single session,single application of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation

BACKGROUND: The objectives of this study were to clarify risk factors for local tumor recurrence and to determine which patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are most suitable for a single session, single application of percutaneous radiofrequency (RF) ablation. METHODS: Fifty-six consecutive patients with 65 HCC tumors measuring 2 cm (risk ratio [RR], 4.9; 95%CI, 1.3-16.4; P = 0.019) and subcapsular location (RR, 5.2; 95%CI, 1.7-16.6; P = 0.005) were associated independently with local recurrence. The other four factors were not associated with local recurrence in this study. CONCLUSIONS: A single session, single application of RF ablation produced favorable local control. Patients who have nonsubcapsular HCC tumors measuring 相似文献   

Radiofrequency ablation: identification of the ideal patient

Radiofrequency (RF) ablation (RFA) is a relatively new modality that is being used for lung tumors with increasing frequency. Radiofrequency energy consists of an alternating current that moves from an active electrode that is placed within the tumor to dispersive electrodes that are placed on the patient. As the RF energy is applied, frictional heating of tissues results, with cell death occurring at temperatures > 60 degrees C. This article discusses preclinical and early clinical experience with RFA for lung tumors. Radiofrequency ablation has been used for patients with primary lung cancer and limited pulmonary metastases. Current data suggest that RFA is most suitable for tumors < or = 4 cm in size and is better for peripheral rather than centrally based nodules. Additionally, studies of RFA followed by resection have demonstrated a learning-curve effect with improved tumor kill in the later cases performed in these series. Surgical resection should continue to be the primary modality offered to patients with early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer and limited metastatic disease to the lungs (when the primary tumor is controlled). Radiofrequency ablation is a good option for those patients who are believed to be at increased risk for resection or who refuse resection, when operation would otherwise be appropriate therapy. Additionally, RFA may be used for local control of peripheral tumors in patients with more advanced cancers in combination with other therapies.     

超声引导射频消融治疗肝脏恶性肿瘤302例肿瘤残留危险因素分析

背景与目的：射频消融(radiofrequencey ablation,RFA)是治疗原发性肝癌和部分转移性肝癌的有效的方法,本研究探讨肝脏恶性肿瘤RFA治疗后肿瘤残留的危险因素。方法：回顾性分析2010年1月-2013年3月复旦大学附属肿瘤医院收治的302例原发性肝癌和转移性肝癌患者共691个肝内病灶接受RFA治疗的临床资料,采用单因素和多因素Logistic Regression模型分析与RFA治疗后肿瘤残留有关的危险因素。结果：RFA治疗后272例(90.07%)患者的632个(91.46%)病灶完全消融,肿瘤残留率为8.54%。直径≤3 cm的肿瘤残留率为6.30%,3~5 cm为9.57%,>5 cm为28.57%;靠近肝内大血管和胆囊肿瘤残留率分别为17.14%和18.52%;联合其他局部治疗和未联合其他局部治疗的肿瘤残留率分别为7.02%和13.41%。多因素分析显示,肿瘤最大直径>5 cm(P=0.044)、靠近肝内大血管(P=0.039)和未联合其他局部治疗(P=0.001)是RFA治疗后肿瘤残留的独立危险因素。112例患者282个病灶最大直径3~5 cm,RFA治疗后肿瘤残留多因素分析显示,肿瘤靠近肝内大血管(P=0.014)、单针射频(P=0.047)和未联合其他局部治疗(P=0.023)是RFA治疗后肿瘤残留的独立危险因素。结论：超声引导的RFA治疗可以获得满意的消融效果,其中肿瘤靠近肝内大血管、肿瘤最大直径>5 cm和未联合其他局部治疗是肿瘤残留的独立危险因素,对于直径为3~5 cm的肿瘤,除靠近肝内大血管和未联合其他局部治疗外,单针射频也是肿瘤残留的独立危险因素,采用双针或多针治疗可以提高消融效率,降低肿瘤残留。     

Management of renal tumors in Von Hippel-Lindau disease by percutaneous CT fluoroscopic guided radiofrequency ablation: preliminary results

We evaluated the feasibility and safety of percutaneous radiofrequency (RF) ablation of renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) in patients with Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease. A total of 12 RCCs were treated by RF ablation in 7 patients with VHL disease. RF electrodes were placed under CT fluoroscopic guidance with conscious sedation. Technical success, technical effectiveness (disappearance of tumor enhancement), local tumor progression, complications and change in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were evaluated. A total of 9 sessions were undertaken. All procedures were performed with a planned protocol with a technical success rate of 100%. Tumor enhancement disappeared in all 12 tumors indicating a technical effectiveness rate of 100%. Local tumor progression was not found in any patient during the mean follow-up of 22 ± 11 months (range 12–46 months). There were no complications related to the RF procedures. The mean eGFR decreased from 65.3 ± 10.9 ml/min (range 48.5–77.5 ml/min) to 60.3 ± 11.3 ml/min (range, 45.8–73.4 ml/min, P < 0.03). The mean percentage decrease in eGFR after the last ablation was 7.6% (range 0–21.6%). Renal RF ablation is a safe and effective treatment for renal tumours that may allow patients with VHL disease to avoid major surgical interventions.     

高温射频消融治疗周围型肺部恶性肿瘤

目的CT引导经皮肺穿刺高温射频消融治疗89例周围型肺部恶性肿瘤的近期疗效观察.方法集束聚能刀高温射频消融治疗89例周围型肺部恶性肿瘤,包括原发性周围型肺癌65例,肺转移癌24例,共计226个肿瘤.结果胸部CT或X线平片复查,肿瘤经射频消融治疗后绝大多数病例的肿瘤在3个月左右明显缩小(CR+PR,82.0%).术后并发症包括气胸32例、少量血胸3例和局部疼痛15例.结论高温射频消融治疗周围型肺部恶性肿瘤,近期疗效确切,严重并发症少,是一种较为安全有效的治疗方法.     

Radiofrequency ablation extends the scope of surgery in colorectal liver metastases.

AIMS: To assess outcome in patients treated by a multidisciplinary team, with a combination of liver resection and RF ablation. METHODS: Sixteen unselected patients (f=9; m=7) with colorectal liver metastases who were not suitable for surgery alone, were treated as follows: six had RF ablation at open laparotomy, three patients had synchronous ablation and resection while seven patients had RF ablation after liver resection. Standard liver resection techniques were used. RF was performed using internally cooled, single or cluster electrodes with a high power (200 W) generator. All patients were followed with regular contrast enhanced CT and survival noted. RESULTS: A total of 27 tumours with diameters 1.2-10 cm were treated. Two minor complications were recorded. 2/6 (33%) who had intraoperative RF had incomplete ablation due to large tumour size (6 and 10 cm respectively). Further RF ablation sessions were carried out successfully. 11/16 (69%) are alive at 2 years of whom 7 (44%) have no evidence of residual or recurrent liver disease. CONCLUSION: In our study, RF ablation extends the therapeutic envelope, is an effective local treatment of liver metastases and improves life expectancy.     

Microwave ablation treatment of liver cancer with a 2,450-MHz cooled-shaft antenna: pilot study on safety and efficacy

To evaluate efficacy of microwave ablation in a primary clinical study, sixty patients (44 men, 16 women; mean age 53 years) with 96, 1-8 cm (mean 3.20 ± 0.17 cm) liver cancers were treated with 2,450-MHz internally cooled-shaft antenna. Complete ablation (CA) and local tumor progression (LTP) rates as well as complications were determined. CA rates in small (< 3.0 cm), intermediate (3.1–5.0 cm) and large (5.1–8.0 cm) liver cancers were 96.4% (54/56), 92.3% (24/26) and 78.6% (11/14), respectively. During a mean follow-up period of 17.17 ± 6.52 months, LTP occurred in five (5.21%) treated cases. There was no significant difference in the CA and LTP rates between the HCC and liver metastasis patient subgroups (P<0.05). Microwave ablation provides a reliable, efficient, and safe technique to perform hepatic tumor ablation.     

经皮射频毁损治疗肝脏肿瘤的近期疗效观察

目的：观察经皮射频毁损治疗肝脏肿瘤的近期疗效,探讨其最佳适应证和治疗相关因素。方法：应用RF2000型射频治疗仪、LeVeen多弹头射频电极,超声引导下经皮穿刺毁损,对60例肝脏肿瘤患者（87个肿瘤）进行了72次治疗,分别观察其毁损范围、AFP水平、肝功能反应、并发症等。结果：原发性肝癌肿瘤直径小于5cm者1次性完全毁损61.11%（11/18）,3例2次治疗1例完全毁损范围扩大,均未完全毁损;肿瘤直径5-10cm者31例2例1次性完全毁损（6.45%）,其余均大部或部分毁损,2次治疗6例毁损范围扩大,均未完全毁损;直径大于10cm者11例1次治疗仅部分毁损,2次治疗2例仍有较大肿瘤组织残余。转移癌均为多发,肿瘤结节2-8个不等,1次治疗均未完全毁损,1例2次治疗效果不明显。术后复查,38例原发性肝癌（PHC）AFP升高者,15例AFP明显降低（39.47%）,肿瘤直径小于5cm者AFP下降率为76.92%（10/13）,5例完全阴转（38.46%）。所有患者均出现轻度的肝功能损害;并发自限性腹腔出血2例,胆漏、气胸各1例;3例肝硬化明显、且毁损范围较大者并发中、少量腹水,内科治疗均恢复。结论：经皮射频毁损治疗肝脏肿瘤是一安全有效的治疗方法,直径小于5cm的PHC或转移癌多可完全毁损,直径大于5cm者分次治疗,能明显减小肿瘤体积。     

Pathomorphologic evaluation of pulmonary radiofrequency ablation: proof of cell death is characterized by DNA fragmentation and apoptotic bodies

BACKGROUND.

Radiofrequency (RF) ablation is an increasingly applied technique. Promising results of hepatic RF ablation raised expectations of its capabilities for treatment of primary and secondary lung tumors. Because of different thermal and electrical properties of lung tissue, compared with liver tissue, a simple analogy of tissue response is not possible. The authors aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of image‐guided pulmonary RF ablation and to characterize pathomorphology of tissue response.

METHODS.

RF ablations of 11 pulmonary malignancies in 9 patients were performed under computed tomography (CT)‐guidance. Three days after RF ablation, surgical resection was performed followed by pathologic examination. Specimens were evaluated macroscopically, histologically by hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining, terminal deoxy‐nucleotidyl transferase‐mediated nick end‐labeling (TUNEL), and electron microscopy.

RESULTS.

Tumor tissues and adjacent lung tissues were characterized by double‐strand fragmentation as determined by TUNEL. Ultrastructurally apoptotic bodies were found, indicating apoptotic cells. Criteria for tissue necrosis were not fulfilled by standard histological staining (H & E), showing preserved tissue architecture and only few microscopic cellular details suggestive of tumor regression. Because of DNA fragmentation, as determined by TUNEL and results from electron microscopy, the authors confirmed the tumor tissue to be completely ablated in 10 (90.9%) cases. However, in 2 cases, a safety margin was absent.

CONCLUSIONS.

CT‐guided pulmonary RF ablation of pulmonary malignancies is a locally effective treatment. Three days after RF ablation, tumor tissue seemed to be thermally fixed still showing characteristics of vital tumor tissue in standard histological staining; however the tissue proved to be in regression toward coagulative necrosis verified ultrastructurally and by TUNEL. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.     

CT-guided radiofrequency ablation for lung cancer

Recently, percutaneous radiofrequency (RF) ablation has been increasingly performed as a local treatment for lung malignancies. In RF ablation, the application of radiofrequency agitates ions in the tissues surrounding the electrode, causing them to fluctuate at high speed, and this generates frictional heat. The generated heat coagulates the tissues. Puncture is carried out under computed tomography (CT) guidance in the same manner as that for needle biopsy. In animal studies, it was speculated that air functioned as an insulator and that the heat did not damage normal surrounding lung parenchyma to any great extent, because lung is filled with air. An experimental VX2 tumor in rabbits was well controlled by RF ablation. Since the clinical use of RF ablation for lung malignancies was first reported in 2000, many series have been published. The patients reported in these studies were not candidates for surgical treatment, either because of poor cardiopulmonary function and comorbidities, or because they refused surgery. With RF ablation, complete necrosis can be expected for tumors with a diameter of 3 cm or less. Palliative RF ablation may be indicated for large tumors. The most frequent complication associated with puncture was pneumothorax, with a frequency higher for RF ablation compared with that for needle biopsy. The initial results have been promising, but we await future reports for long-term results.     

Feasibility of carbon‐ion radiotherapy for re‐irradiation of locoregionally recurrent,metastatic, or secondary lung tumors

Intrathoracic recurrence after carbon‐ion radiotherapy for primary or metastatic lung tumors remains a major cause of cancer‐related deaths. However, treatment options are limited. Herein, we report on the toxicity and efficacy of re‐irradiation with carbon‐ion radiotherapy for locoregionally recurrent, metastatic, or secondary lung tumors. Data of 95 patients with prior intrathoracic carbon‐ion radiotherapy who were treated with re‐irradiation with carbon‐ion radiotherapy at our institution between 2006 and 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Seventy‐three patients (76.8%) had primary lung tumors and 22 patients (23.2%) had metastatic lung tumors. The median dose of initial carbon‐ion radiotherapy was 52.8 Gy (relative biological effectiveness) and the median dose of re‐irradiation was 66.0 Gy (relative biological effectiveness). None of the patients received concurrent chemotherapy. The median follow‐up period after re‐irradiation was 18 months. In terms of grade ≥3 toxicities, one patient experienced each of the following: grade 5 bronchopleural fistula, grade 4 radiation pneumonitis, grade 3 chest pain, and grade 3 radiation pneumonitis. The 2‐year local control and overall survival rates were 54.0% and 61.9%, respectively. In conclusion, re‐irradiation with carbon‐ion radiotherapy was associated with relatively low toxicity and moderate efficacy. Re‐irradiation with carbon‐ion radiotherapy might be an effective treatment option for patients with locoregionally recurrent, metastatic, or secondary lung tumors.     

Radiofrequency ablation of small follicular neoplasms: initial clinical outcomes

Abstract

Background: In thyroid gland, radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has been applied to both recurrent cancers and benign nodules, although, according to the American Thyroid Association (ATA) and the Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology (KSThR) guidelines, surgery is the first-line treatment for follicular neoplasm. However, it has been argued that follicular neoplasm with lower risk of malignancy can be managed by close follow-up. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of RFA of small follicular neoplasms, examining reductions in volume and related clinical problems, and making observations over long-term follow-up.

Methods: We evaluated 10 follicular neoplasms in 10 patients who were treated with RF ablation between 2009 and 2011. A RF generator and an 18-gauge internally cooled electrode were used to perform complete ablation of the whole nodules. Changes in nodules or ablated zones on follow-up ultrasound, and complications during and after RF ablation were evaluated.

Results: The mean follow-up period was 66.4?±?5.1?months (range: 60–76?months). In eight patients, single session of RF ablation was sufficient, while two patients required two sessions. There was a significant reduction in the mean volume (99.5?±?1.0%) of lesions, with eight ablated lesions (8/10, 80%) disappearing completely on follow-up. No recurrences were found in any ablated zones at last follow-up. Transient mild neck pain (n?=?6) occurred during the procedure without requiring any medication.

Conclusion: In addition to active surveillance, RF ablation may be an effective and safe alternative for the management of patients with small (<2?cm) follicular neoplasm suspected on thyroid biopsy and who strongly refuse surgery.     

Solid tumors in patients treated for Hodgkin's disease: a report from the German Hodgkin Lymphoma Study Group.

BACKGROUND: Long-term survivors of successfully treated Hodgkin's disease (HD) are at risk for late complications. Among these, secondary solid tumors are most serious because they are often fatal. The aim of this retrospective analysis was to assess the incidence, relative risk and risk factors of secondary solid tumors in HD patients registered in the database of the German Hodgkin Lymphoma Study Group (GHSG). PATIENTS AND METHODS: From 1983 to 1998, the GHSG conducted three generations of clinical trials for early, intermediate and advanced stage HD (HD1-HD9) involving a total of 5367 patients. Data on incidence, risk factors and relative risk were updated in March 2003. RESULTS: A total of 127 patients with secondary solid tumors were identified. Among these, lung cancer (23.6%), colorectal cancer (20.5%) and breast cancer (10.2%) were the most frequent. After a median follow-up of 72 months the cumulative risk of developing a solid tumor was 2%, with an overall relative risk (RR) of 2.4 (lung cancer, 3.8; colorectal cancer, 3.2; breast cancer, 1.9). For most patients (n=67; 52.8%) developing a secondary solid tumor, treatment modality consisted of chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy in extended field technique (RR = 3.3). CONCLUSIONS: With a median follow-up of 72 months, there were 127 patients developing solid tumors out of a total of 5367 HD patients treated in the GHSG studies HD1-HD9. The cumulative risk of 2% is expected to increase over time due to the rather short median observation time and slow progression of solid malignancies.     

超声引导经皮射频消融膈下肝肿瘤的安全性研究及疗效观察

  目的   探究超声引导下经皮射频消融对膈下肝肿瘤疗效及安全性。   方法   射频治疗79例共138个肝肿瘤,其中膈下肿瘤组76个,非膈下肿瘤组62个。比较两组并发症、完全消融、局部肿瘤复发发生率。   结果   两组完全消融率分别为92.1%（70/ 76）、98.4%（61/62）,两组比较差异无统计学意义（χ2=2.49,P=0.12）。随访局部肿瘤复发两组分别19.7%（15/76）、6.5%（4/62）,差异有统计学意义（χ2=5.08,P=0.02）;无瘤生存期分别为膈下肿瘤组（21.0±1.4）个月、非膈下肿瘤组（24.7±1.7）个月,差异有统计学意义（χ2=3.84,P=0.05）。10例患者发生并发症,胸水并发症发生率存在差异（χ2=4.52,P=0.034）,无射频治疗相关死亡,无针道转移发生,消融技术成功率为100%。   结论   射频消融是一种安全有效的微创治疗技术。肿瘤位置影响消融效果,膈下肿瘤较肝中央处肿瘤易发生消融区域肿瘤复发,术中麻醉医生的协作有利于消融的顺利完成。      

Computed tomography fluoroscopy-guided radiofrequency ablation following intra-arterial iodized-oil injection for hepatocellular carcinomas invisible on ultrasonographic images

Background

We aimed to evaluate therapeutic outcomes of radiofrequency (RF) ablation following intra-arterial iodized-oil injection for hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) invisible on ultrasonographic (US) images.

Materials and methods

Informed consent was waived for this retrospective study approved by our institutional review board. Sixty-seven consecutive patients with 150 HCCs (mean diameter 1.3 ± 0.6 cm; range 0.5–4.2 cm) received 90 RF sessions following intra-arterial iodized-oil injection. Each patient had at least one HCC invisible on US images. Computed tomography (CT) fluoroscopy-guided RF ablation was performed within 1 week after the injection of iodized oil from feeding arteries of each tumor. Technical success was defined as a planned electrode placement and completion of ablation protocol. Technical success, complications, changes in liver function, local tumor progression, and survival were evaluated.

Results

All HCCs became visible on CT fluoroscopy after iodized-oil injection, and RF ablation was technically successful in all sessions (technical success rate, 100%, 90/90). Major complications occurred in 6 RF sessions (6.7%, 6/90), including hemorrhage (2.2%, 2/90), portal thrombosis (2.2%, 2/90), and pneumothorax (2.2%, 2/90). No significant deterioration in Child–Pugh score was found. The mean follow-up period was 23.2 ± 18.0 months. The cumulative local tumor progression rates and overall survival rates were, respectively, 3.9 and 82.7% at 1 year, 5.3 and 45.3% at 3 years, and 5.3 and 26.4% at 5 years.

Conclusion

CT fluoroscopy-guided RF ablation following intra-arterial iodized-oil injection is a feasible, safe, and useful therapeutic option for HCCs invisible on US images.     

CT-guided percutaneous microwave ablation of adrenal malignant carcinoma: preliminary results

BACKGROUND:

Microwave ablation has recently been developed as a safe and effective treatment for a variety of tumors. The authors evaluated the safety and efficacy of computed tomography (CT)‐guided percutaneous microwave ablation of adrenal malignant tumors.

METHODS:

Nine patients between 41 and 83 years of age (average age, 54 years) with adrenal carcinoma (a total of 10 lesions) received CT‐guided percutaneous water‐cooled microwave ablation. The 9 cases included 1 primary adrenocortical carcinoma and 8 metastatic carcinomas (4 from lung cancer, 2 from hepatocellular carcinoma, 1 from intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and 1 from left tibial osteosarcoma). Of the 8 metastatic cases, 7 were unilateral, and 1 was bilateral. All cases were pathologically confirmed by aspiration biopsy or postsurgical biopsy. The tumor diameters ranged from 2.1 cm to 6.1 cm (average, 3.8 cm). The average number of ablation sites was 1.5 sites (1‐3 sites), and the average accumulated ablation time was 7.7 minutes (4‐15 minutes). The procedures were performed using a cooled‐shaft antenna.

RESULTS:

The patients were followed for 3‐37 months, with an average of 11.3 months. Nine of 10 lesions were completely necrotized after first treatment. The other lesion was completely necrotized after 2 treatments. One of the patients experienced hypertensive crisis during treatment. No patient experienced recurrent tumor at the treated site, and this lack of recurrence indicated effective local control. All patients had progression of metastatic disease at extra‐adrenal sites.

CONCLUSIONS:

CT‐guided percutaneous water‐cooled microwave ablation is a minimally invasive and effective method for the treatment of adrenal carcinoma. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.