Paeoniflorin inhibits proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells through suppressing Notch-1 signaling pathway

Paeoniflorin (PF), one of the major active ingredients of Chinese peony, was reported to possess anti-tumor effect. However, the role of PF in breast cancer remains to be clarified. Therefore, in this context, the present study investigated the effects of PF on breast cancer cell proliferation and invasion, as well as the underlying mechanism. Our results found that PF suppressed the proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells. We further demonstrated that PF down-regulated the expression of Notch-1; in addition, overexpression of Notch-1 reversed PF-inhibited proliferation and invasion, and knockdown of Notch-1 enhanced PF-inhibited proliferation and invasion in breast cancer cells. In conclusion, the present study suggests that PF inhibits proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells through suppressing Notch-1 signaling pathway. Therefore, PF may represent a chemopreventive and/or therapeutic agent in the prevention of breast cancer.     

TMPRSS4通过上皮间质转化促进乳腺癌细胞的增殖、侵袭和转移

目的通过检测Ⅱ型跨膜丝氨酸蛋白酶4（TMPRSS4）在乳腺癌细胞中的表达情况,分析其在乳腺癌细胞增殖、侵袭和转移过程中的作用及其与上皮间质转化（EMT）的关系。 方法采用实时荧光定量PCR（qRT-PCR）和Western blot法检测5种不同乳腺癌细胞系中TMPRSS4 mRNA和蛋白水平的表达情况。将过表达质粒转染至乳腺癌细胞中,采用qRT-PCR方法检测转染效率,并通过MTS和EdU细胞增殖实验、Transwell和Matrigel细胞迁移和侵袭实验,研究过表达TMPRSS4对乳腺癌细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移的作用。采用qRT-PCR和Western blot法检测过表达TMPRSS4后细胞EMT相关基因E-cadherin、Vimentin、Claudin-1、Slug、ZEB1的表达变化。 结果TMPRSS4在乳腺癌MDA-MB-468和MDA-MB-231细胞系中高表达。MTS实验显示TMPRSS4过表达组乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-468和MDA-MB-231的增殖能力与阴性对照组相比明显增加,差异具有统计学意义（P=0.039和0.038）,EdU实验进一步证实过表达TMPRSS4促进乳腺癌细胞的增殖,MDA-MB-468细胞和MDA-MB-231细胞的增殖率与阴性对照组比较差异具有统计学意义（P=0.001和0.008）。Transwell实验显示,TMPRSS4过表达组MDA-MB-468细胞和MDA-MB-231细胞的迁移能力与阴性对照组比较明显提高,差异具有统计学意义（p均=0.001）。Matrigel实验显示,TMPRSS4过表达组MDA-MB-468细胞和MDA-MB-231细胞的侵袭浸润能力与阴性对照组比较明显提高,差异具有统计学意义（P=0.012和0.000）。与阴性对照组比较,过表达TMPRSS4后,EMT相关基因包括上皮性标记E-cadherin和Claudin-1的表达均显著下降,而间质标记Vimentin和Slug的表达均明显提高,差异具有统计学意义（P分别=0.024,0.003,0.002和0.012）。 结论TMPRSS4参与了乳腺癌EMT的发生过程,并通过EMT促进乳腺癌细胞的增殖、侵袭和转移。     

miR-203调控NEDD9抑制乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231侵袭及迁移作用机制研究

目的 :研究mi R-203抑制乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞NEDD9蛋白的作用对细胞侵袭和迁移的影响。方法:mi R-203脂质体转染MDA-MB-231细胞,通过细胞划痕实验和Transwell实验观察细胞侵袭和迁移能力的变化;通过蛋白印迹检测mi R-203对NEDD9表达的调控作用,并用sensor reporter确定mi R-203的靶标位点;最后,通过细胞"拯救"实验研究相关蛋白表达量的变化,用免疫荧光-激光共聚焦显微镜观察细胞片状伪足和黏着斑的改变,探究mi R-203对MDA-MB-231细胞侵袭和迁移能力的调节机制。结果:细胞划痕实验和Transwell实验显示,mi R-203抑制了MDA-MB-231细胞的侵袭和迁移能力;通过生物信息学网站预测mi R-203的靶基因是NEDD9;蛋白印迹和sensor reporter检测结果显示,mi R-203通过与NEDD9 3′-UTR结合,下调NEDD9;共转染si NEDD9和mi R-203的"拯救"实验后的细胞划痕实验、蛋白印迹和免疫荧光-激光共聚焦结果显示,mi R-203抑制NEDD9表达导致激活态Rac1-GTP减少,致使细胞运动状态改变,侵袭迁移能力减弱,而si NEDD9干涉作用能"拯救"mi R-203对MDA-MB-231细胞迁移能力的抑制。结论 :mi R-203通过降解NEDD9,下调激活的Rac1水平,导致乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231片状伪足和黏着斑的减少或消失,从而抑制细胞的侵袭及迁移。     

Block of proliferation 1 promotes cell migration and invasion in human colorectal cancer cells via the JNK pathway

Metastasis is one of the most common causes of death in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Block of proliferation 1 (BOP1) regulates tumorigenesis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, migration, metastasis, and drug resistance in several tumor types. However, the role of BOP1 in the regulation of colorectal cancer cell migration and invasion is still largely unclear. In this study, the results of immunohistochemistry showed that BOP1 was upregulated in our cohort of CRC patients. BOP1 knockdown inhibited the migration and invasion of CRC cells, confirmed by the downregulation of the mRNA levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9. The overexpression of BOP1 in CRC cells exerted the opposite effect. SP600125, an inhibitor of JNK signaling, partially abolished the BOP1 overexpression-mediated increase in the migratory and invasive ability of CRC cells. Our results indicated that BOP1 is an important regulator of CRC cell invasion and migration, predominantly through the JNK signaling pathway.     

AHSA1 regulates proliferation,apoptosis, migration,and invasion of osteosarcoma

Activator of 90 kDa heat shock protein ATPase homolog 1 (AHSA1) is a chaperone of heat shock 90 kDa (HSP90) and stimulates ATPase activity of HSP90. The function of AHSA1 in osteosarcoma (OS) has not been reported yet. A previous study showed AHSA1 was overexpressed in OS cells. In this study, we investigated the role of AHSA1 in OS cells by silencing AHSA1. We report that silencing AHSA1 inhibited cell growth, migration, and invasion, and increased apoptosis of MG-63 and Saos2 cells. We also found that silencing AHSA1 decreased the ATPase activity of HSP90 in OS cells. In addition, silencing AHSA1 increased the levels of negative regulators of Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway, Axin-2 and GSK3β, and decreased the levels of two key members of Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway, namely, Wnt-5a and β-catenin. In conclusion, silencing AHSA1 regulates cell growth, apoptosis, migration, and invasion by regulating Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway and their negative regulators.     

HDAC2 promotes the migration and invasion of non-small cell lung cancer cells via upregulation of fibronectin

Recent studies indicated that histone deacetylases (HDACs) can modulate the tumorigenesis and development of cancer cells. We evaluated the expression of class I HDACs in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and found that HDAC2 was significantly increased in NSCLC cells as compared with the normal bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B. Silencing of HDAC2 by its specific siRNAs can significantly inhibit the in vitro migration and invasion of A549 and H1395 cells. While over expression of HDAC2 by transfection of pcDNA/HDAC2 plasmid can trigger the motility of NSCLC cells. Over expression of HDAC2 increased the protein and mRNA expression of firbronectin (FN), which can accelerate the metastasis of cancer cells. Similarly, knock down of HDAC2 suppressed the expression of FN. The inhibitor of NF-κB, while not ERK1/2 or PI3K/Akt, attenuated HDAC2 induced up regulation of FN and invasion of NSCLC cells. Furthermore, HDAC2 can markedly increase both mRNA and protein levels of p65 in NSCLC cells. Collectively, our data revealed that HDAC2 can trigger migration and invasion of NSCLC cells via up regulation FN through activation of NF-κB. It suggested HDAC2 might be a potential therapeutic target for the drug development of NSCLC patients.     

The urokinase plasminogen activator system in breast cancer invasion and metastasis

The urokinase plasminogen activator system, which is a serine protease family include urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), the uPA receptor and plasminogen activator inhibitors (PAIs). uPA catalyzes the transformation of plasminogen to its active form plasmin, which is able to degrade the extracellular matrix (ECM) and basement membranes, directly or indirectly through activating pro-matrix metalloproteinases (pro-MMPs), promoting cancer cell metastasis and invasion. Both uPA and PAI-1 are poor prognosis markers in primary breast cancer. Evidence has been presented that the uPA system facilitates breast cancer metastasis by several different mechanisms, such as the Ras-ERK pathway and p38 MAPK pathway. This review focuses on uPA system, summarizes their biological effects, highlights the molecular mechanism and pathway, and discusses the role of uPA system in the prevention and treatment of human breast cancers.     

趋化因子CCL18对前列腺癌细胞迁移力、侵袭力和细胞增殖影响的研究

目的研究趋化因子CCL18对前列腺肿瘤细胞侵袭力、迁移力和细胞增殖的影响。方法通过培养前列腺肿瘤细胞LNCa P、DU145,并加入趋化因子蛋白CCL18,利用Transwell实验、Wound Healing实验和CCK8试剂盒来分别检测CCL18对前列腺肿瘤细胞侵袭力、迁移力及对细胞增殖的影响。结果经过趋化因子蛋白CCL18处理的前列腺肿瘤细胞,在Transwell实验中,肿瘤细胞跨膜细胞数显著增加(LNCa P:对照vs.CCL18=202.0±18.5 vs.279.7±27.6;DU145:对照vs.CCL18=60.3±6.5 vs.91.0±9.5);Wound Healing实验中,肿瘤细胞发生迁移的数量明显增加(LNCa P:对照vs.CCL18=127.3±14.3 vs.214.4±30.9;DU145:对照vs.CCL18=68.6±15.8 vs.129.4±12.0);细胞生长实验结果揭示肿瘤细胞增殖速度也显著加快。结论趋化因子蛋白CCL18能促进前列腺肿瘤细胞LNCa P、DU145的侵袭力、转移力,并加快前列腺肿瘤细胞的生长速度。     

Brachyury promotes tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer by targeting SIRT1

Tamoxifen is effective for treating estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα)-positive breast cancers. However, few molecular mediators of tamoxifen resistance have been elucidated. In the present study, we determine the underlying roles of Brachyury in tamoxifen resistance. Loss- and gain-of-function assay are utilized to confirm the oncogenic roles of Brachyury in breast cancer. Compared with the normal MCF10A cells, Brachyury is commonly overexpressed in breast cancer cell lines. Knockdown of Brachyury inhibits tamoxifen resistance, whereas overexpression of Brachyury enhances tamoxifen resistance as demonstrated increased cell viability and reduced cell apoptosis. Mechanistically, we demonstrate for the first time that Brachyury mediates tamoxifen resistance by regulating Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1). Collectively, our data, as a proof of principle, indicate that Brachyury is a candidate marker for predicting the clinical efficacy of tamoxifen and targeting SIRT1 could overcome resistance to tamoxifen in breast cancer cells.     

沉默环磷腺苷效应元件结合蛋白1对乳腺癌细胞生物学行为的影响

目的：探究环磷腺苷效应元件结合蛋白（cAMP-response element binding protein, CREB1）基因沉默对乳腺癌MCF-7和MDA-MB-231细胞增殖、凋亡、迁移和侵袭的影响。方法：针对人CREB1的基因序列设计并构建2条短发夹RNA（short hairpin RNA，shRNA），采用慢病毒转染shRNA至人乳腺癌MCF-7和MDA-MB-231细胞系抑制其CREB1的表达。将实验组分为shCREB1#1组和shCREB1#2组，同时将shSCR空载质粒转染至上述细胞系作为阴性对照组。采用实时定量PCR和Western-blot法检测转染效率；CCK-8法检测细胞的增殖能力；集落形成实验检测细胞的集落形成能力；流式细胞术检测细胞周期和凋亡率；细胞划痕实验和Transwell实验检测细胞的迁移和侵袭能力；Western-blot法检测细胞周期及细胞凋亡相关蛋白的表达。结果： 在MCF-7和MDA-MB-231细胞中，相较于shSCR组，shCREB1#1和shCREB1#2组中CREB1基因的mRNA和蛋白表达水平均下降（P＜0.001）。沉默CREB1后，MCF-7和MDA-MB-231细胞的增殖能力、集落形成能力、迁移和侵袭能力减弱且细胞的凋亡率升高（P＜0.05）。此外，沉默CREB1可使细胞周期蛋白CDK2、CDK4、CDK6、Cyclin D1以及抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2、Survivin的表达水平下调而促凋亡蛋白Caspase 3和Bax的表达水平上调。 结论：沉默CREB1可抑制乳腺癌细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭能力并诱导细胞凋亡。     

Cryptotanshinone induces melanoma cancer cells apoptosis via ROS-mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and impairs cell migration and invasion

Melanoma is the most serious type of skin cancer because it is highly frequency of drug resistance and can spread earlier and more quickly than other skin cancers. The objective of this research was to investigate the anticancer effects of cryptotanshinone on human melanoma cells in vitro, and explored its mechanisms of action. Our results have shown that cryptotanshinone could inhibit cell proliferation in human melanoma cell lines A2058, A375, and A875 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In addition, flow cytometry assay showed that cryptotanshinone inhibited the proliferation of human melanoma cell line A375 by blocking cell cycle progression in G2/M phase and inducing apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, western blot analysis indicated that the occurrence of its apoptosis was associated with upregulation of cleaved caspases-3 and pro-apoptotic protein Bax while downregulation of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. Meanwhile, cryptotanshinone could decrease the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, cryptotanshinone also blocked A375 cell migration and invasion in vitro which was associated with the downregulation with MMP-9. Taken together, these results suggested that cryptotanshinone might be a potential drug in human melanoma treatment by inhibiting proliferation, inducing apoptosis via ROS-mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and blocking cell migration and invasion.     

Bisphenol A stimulates human lung cancer cell migration via upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases by GPER/EGFR/ERK1/2 signal pathway

Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths worldwide. Recent evidences indicated that bisphenol A (BPA), a wide contaminant with endocrine disrupting activity, could enhance the susceptibility of carcinogenesis. Although there are increasing opportunities for lung cells exposure to BPA via inhalation, there is no study concerning the effects of BPA on the development of lung cancer. The present study revealed that BPA less than 10⁻⁴ M had limited effects on the proliferation of lung cancer A549 cells, however, BPA treatment significantly stimulated the in vitro migration and invasion of cells combing with the morphological changes and up regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9. G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), while not estrogen receptor α/β (ERα/β), mediated the BPA induced up regulation of MMPs. Further, BPA treatment induced rapid activation of ERK1/2 via GPER/EGFR. GPER/ERFR/ERK1/2 mediated the BPA induced upregulation of MMPs and in vitro migration of lung cancer A549 cells. In summary, our data presented here revealed for the first time that BPA can promote the in vitro migration and invasion of lung cancer cells via upregulation of MMPs and GPER/EGFR/ERK1/2 signals, which mediated these effects. This study suggested that more attention should be paid on the BPA and other possible environmental estrogens induced development of lung cancer.     

PVT1 induces NSCLC cell migration and invasion by regulating IL-6 via sponging miR-760

Non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 80% of lung cancers with a high metastatic potential. Elucidating the mechanism of NSCLC metastasis will provide new promising targets for NSCLC therapy and benefit its prognosis. Plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) has been proven to be overexpressed in NSCLC. Although the oncogenic role of PVT1 in NSCLC has been reported, its mechanism remains unclear. Here, we verified that the knockdown of PVT1 inhibited NSCLC cell migration and invasion, and that its inhibitory role on A549 cells and H1299 cells was antagonized by interleukin-6 (IL-6) treatment. The results revealed that PVT1 regulates IL-6 by sponging miR-760 and identified the binding site of miR-760 in the 3′-UTR of IL-6. In conclusion, a new mechanism was revealed, wherein PVT1 regulates NSCLC cell migration and invasion via miR-760/IL-6, suggesting PVT1/miR-760/IL-6 as promising prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for NSCLC metastasis.     

Extracellular matrix protein ITGBL1 promotes ovarian cancer cell migration and adhesion through Wnt/PCP signaling and FAK/SRC pathway

Despite the advances in cancer treatment and the progresses in tumor biological, ovarian cancer remains a bad situation. In current study, we found a novel extracellular matrix protein, ITGBL1, which is highly expressed in ovarian cancer tissues by immunohistochemistry examination. The expression pattern of ITGBL1 in malignant tissues inspired us to investigate its role in ovarian cancer progression. Both loss- and gain-function assays revealed that ITGBL1 could promote ovarian cancer cell migration and adhesion. As it’s a secreted protein, we further used recombinant ITGBL1 protein treated cancer cells and found that ITGBL1 promotes cell migration and adhesion in a concentration dependent manner. Furthermore, we found that ITGBL1 not only influences the activity of Wnt/PCP signaling but also affects FAK/src pathway in vitro. Taken together, our results suggest that highly expressed ITGBL1 could promotes cancer cell migration and adhesion in ovarian cancer and as a secreted protein, ITGBL1 might be a novel biomarker for ovarian cancer diagnosis.     

Fyn-related kinase expression predicts favorable prognosis in patients with cervical cancer and suppresses malignant progression by regulating migration and invasion

AimTo investigate expression pattern, clinical significance and potential roles of fyn related kinase (FRK) in cervical cancer.MethodsExpression of FRK protein and mRNA in 100 pairs of cervical cancer and matched non-cancerous tissue samples were detected by Western blot, immunohistochemistry and quantitative PCR, respectively. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate associations of FRK protein expression with various clinicopathologic features and patients' prognosis. The effects of FRK on cell migration and invasion were examined using in vitro migration and invasion assays, respectively.ResultsWeak/negative immunostaining of FRK protein was observed in 86 (86.00%) of 100 cervical cancer tissues. Low FRK expression was significantly associated with several aggressive clinicopathologic features of cervical cancer, such as higher International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetric stage (P = 0.01), the presence of lymph node metastasis (P = 0.01) and recurrence (P = 0.02). In addition, the survival analysis showed that cervical cancer patients with low FRK expression often had shorter overall survival than those with high FRK expression. The multivariate analysis also identified FRK expression as an independent prognostic factor of cervical cancer. Functionally, the enforced expression of FRK could efficiently inhibit cell migration and invasion of cervical cancer cells, but the knockdown of FRK dramatically enhanced cell migration and invasion.ConclusionOur findings suggest that loss of FRK protein may be implicated into the tumorigenesis and cell motility of human cervical cancer. More importantly, FRK expression may function as a promising prognostic marker of this malignancy, highlighting its potentials as a candidate target for gene therapy.     

MicroRNA-130b promotes cell migration and invasion by targeting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in human glioma

MircroRNA-130b (miR-130b) has been recognized as an oncogenic miRNA and is implicated in the initiation and development of human cancers. Deregulation of miR-130b has been reported in several tumors. However, the clinical significance and its underlying role in human glioma are poorly explored. Herein, we found that the expression of miR-130b was significantly up-regulated in glioma tissues as compared with that in normal brain (NB) tissues. Clinical association analysis disclosed that high-expression of miR-130b was evidently associated with advanced tumor stage (grade III + IV) in glioma. Moreover, we disclosed that the high-expression of miR-130b conferred an obviously reduced survival of glioma patients. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that miR-130b expression was an independent prognostic indicator for glioma patients. Our gain- or loss-of-function studies showed that miR-130b promoted invasion and migration of glioma cells. Notably, miR-130b regulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) abundance and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in glioma cells. Hereby, PPARγ was identified as a functional target of miR-130b in glioma. Furthermore, an inverse correlation between miR-130b and PPARγ expression was observed in glioma tissues. In conclusion, miR-130b is an independent prognostic biomarker for indicating survival of glioma patients and promotes glioma cell migration and invasion by targeting PPARγ.