内镜与传统额镜用于咽喉部异物诊断及取出的临床比较

咽喉部异物为耳鼻咽喉头颈外科急诊常见疾病[1],可引起咽痛、异物感等不适,如处理不当可引起咽喉部感染、咽部脓肿、食管损伤、窒息甚至大出血等并发症[2].异物患者在耳鼻咽喉头颈外科急诊就诊常接受传统间接喉镜检查[3],易漏诊误诊.引入内镜检查技术可减少漏诊误诊及降低并发症发生,及时解决患者痛苦,具有较高的满意度.本次研究...     

食管异物并发症的处理

我科自 1995年 1月至 2 0 0 2年 4月收治食管异物并发症患者 46例 ,现报告如下 :1　临床资料46例中 ,男 2 5例 ,女 2 1例 ;年龄 6～ 18岁 4例 ,18～ 78岁 42例 ;患病后 1小时～ 7天就诊入院。异物为鱼骨 2 5例 ,鸡、鸭、猪肉骨 14例 ,义齿 7例。并发食管内膜剥脱伤 5例 ,食管炎 3 5例 ,食管周围炎 3例 ,食管纵隔瘘 2例 ,主动脉食管瘘 1例。治疗除 1例开胸行食管修补术外 ,余均经食管镜检、取异物术 ,静滴抗生素、补液治疗。结果除 1例主动脉食管瘘大出血死亡外 ,余均治愈出院。2　讨论食管异物是耳鼻喉科常见病 ,食管粘膜擦伤破损也较常见 ,…     

食管异物并发主动脉瘘的急救与护理

食管异物并发主动脉瘘是食管异物最凶险的并发症,病死率高,患者往往短时间内大量出血而死亡。本院1997年以来共收治3例患者,均在入院后,急诊开胸手术治疗,术后1例死于DIC,2例痊愈。现将急救与护理体会报告如下。     

食管异物的早期外科处理

食管异物在日常生活中极为常见，绝大多数患者可经食管镜或纤维胃镜取出异物；然而部分患者不能取出或强行取出后，有可能导致食管穿孔、主动脉损伤甚至死亡。本科自1987年5月至2005年5月对12例经食管镜及胃镜处理后，不能取出及取出异物后出现并发症的食管异物患者需外科处理的诊治体会报道如下。     

1例食管异物致主动脉食管瘘患者的护理

正食管异物并发主动脉食管瘘(aortoesophageal fistula,AEF)是食管异物的严重并发症,临床少见,死亡率极高。AEF典型的临床表现为Chari's三联征即胸骨后疼痛或吞咽困难、信号性出血、间歇期后致命性大出血~([1])。该病主要病因为食管异物及主     

1例食管异物并发主动脉瘘的急救与护理

食管异物是五官科常见的急诊，主动脉瘘是其最凶险的并发症，患者往往在短时间内大量出血而死亡。苏州大学附属第二医院于2005年急诊收治1例食管异物患者，经积极抢救与精心护理，恢复良好。现将急救与护理体会报告如下。     

1例食管异物并发主动脉瘘的急救与护理

食管异物是五官科常见的急诊,主动脉瘘是其最凶险的并发症,患者往往在短时间内大量出血而死亡.苏州大学附属第二医院于2005年急诊收治1例食管异物患者,经积极抢救与精心护理,恢复良好.现将急救与护理体会报告如下.     

异物致食管主动脉瘘1例的护理

食管主动脉瘘是心胸外科的急症,病情凶险。异物吞入在食管主动脉瘘的发病原因中占第二位,吞入物中鱼刺占首位。2011年1月,本院心胸外科成功抢救了1例食管主动脉瘘患者,现将护理报告如下。     

食管异物并发主动脉食管瘘8例报告

食管异物是耳鼻咽喉科常见急症之一，但食管异物并发主动脉食管瘘临床上较少见，预后极差。我院自1965～1997年共发现8例，现回顾性分析如下。1临床资料1．1一般资料：8例中，男7例，女1例，年龄25～63岁。异物种类：鸡骨6例，鹅骨1例，鱼骨1例。异物梗住后均有强吞食物四欲将异物推入胃内史。就诊时间：多数误梗异物后7～8天，最短3天，最长10天。1．2临床表现：主要是误吞异物后胸骨后疼痛或左胸隐痛。2例有疼痛缓解期，但出血前后都有疼痛加重。均伴有发热，白细胞升高。先兆性大出血时间，最短者吞人异物后4天，最长为9天，出血表现为吐…     

食管异物并纵隔脓肿主动脉-食管瘘外科治疗探讨

主动脉食管瘘 (aortoesophagealfistula ,AEF)多为食管异物及食管恶性肿瘤等引起 ,病人多在短期内死亡 ,尤以形成纵隔脓肿者为重 ,目前国内外尚无有效的治疗方法 ,抢救成功率极低 ,仅有少数外科治疗成功的报道。我院 2 0 0 1年 2月收治 1例食管异物 40d并食管破裂纵隔脓肿AEF ,急诊在左心转流下修复主动脉 ,二期重建食管获得治愈。现对此病例进行分析及相关文献复习 ,着重讨论左心转流技术和分期手术用于合并以纵隔感染的AEF的救治体会。1　临床资料患者 ,男 3 9岁。 40d前误吞异物后 ,感吞咽不畅 ,胸骨后不适。误吞后第 3 6d始间断呕血…     

Bedside sonography for the diagnosis of esophageal food impaction

Background

Esophageal foreign body (EFB) and impaction are common gastrointestinal emergencies. Detection with standard imaging can be challenging. Computed tomography is a commonly used non-invasive imaging modality, but is not 100% sensitive and not always feasible. Sensitivity of plain film x-ray varies widely and the addition of a barium swallow can obscure evaluation by subsequent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). Use of emergency ultrasound (EUS) for detection of EFB in adults has not been previously studied.

食管异物1252例临床分析

目的:通过回顾分析1252例食管异物患者临床资料,探讨食管异物的特点以及相应的治疗方法。方法:收集1965～2003年收治的食管异物1252例,其中男性862例,女性390例,年龄4个月～81岁。大多数患者有明确的异物史,主要症状是吞咽困难和疼痛。所有患者均行X线检查确诊。绝大多数患者(98.6%)通过硬管食管镜取出异物。其中59例患者行全身麻醉,其余均为表面麻醉。结果:所有病例中出现严重并发症29例(2.3%),其中食管穿孔24例(继发颈深脓肿5例,纵隔脓肿5例),咽后脓肿4例,梨状窝穿通1例,死亡1例(0.08%)。结论:①早期食管镜检查是治疗食管异物最有效的方法;②对并发症及时准确的诊治是治疗关键;③全身麻醉可以减少并发症的发生;④必要的外科手术干预可预防严重并发症的出现。     

The life-saving emergency thoracic endovascular aorta repair management on suspected aortoesophageal foreign body injury

BACKGROUND:Fatal aortic rupture caused by esophageal foreign body(EFB),is associated with a high mortality,but can be prevented by thoracic endovascular aorta repair(TEVAR)that performed increasingly as technology improves.This study aims to investigate the cause,management and prognosis of suspected penetrating aortoesophageal foreign body injury.METHODS:Twelve cases who met the criteria were enrolled in this study.The demographic and clinical data were reviewed for evaluating the characteristics of EFB.RESULTS:Among 12 cases enrolled,7 were males and 5 were females,with an age 27–86 years.The distance of EFB from aorta(DFA)of 7 cases were less than or equal to 0 mm,5 cases were 0–2 mm.Eleven cases were managed with TEVAR,only one case was with open surgery standby but finally treated by flexible endoscopy(FE)successfully,without TEVAR.In group with TEVAR,EFB of 7 cases were successfully removed by rigid endoscopy(RE),and one of them was failed at the first RE treatment.EFB of 2 cases were successfully removed by open surgery with TEVAR,and other 9 cases were managed by endoscopies with TEVAR.The mean length of stay of hospitalization(LOS)and length of ICU stay of patients treated by open surgery with TEVAR(18.50±2.12 days and 5.50±0.71 days)was significantly longer than those of patients treated by endoscopy with TEVAR(7.00±2.74 days and 1.33±1.12 days,P<0.001 and P=0.001,respectively).Five cases had severe complications.CONCLUSION:Rational application of TEVAR can be a life-saving management for aortoesophageal foreign body injury,and jointed with endoscopy is safe and effective with a shorter length of ICU or total hospital stay.     

儿童气道异物的诊断治疗

目的探讨儿童气道异物的诊断、治疗及并发症发生的原因，以减少误诊及降低并发症的发生率。方法回顾分析2009年1月一2010年8月经病史、症状、体征及辅助检查（胸部X线检查或CT扫描）初诊为气道异物的317例患儿的临床资料。所有患儿均行支气管镜检查，明确有异物者行异物取出术，对术中、术后并发症的原因和处理方法进行总结。结果本组患者中有105例（33．1％）患儿曾被误诊为支气管肺炎或其他呼吸系统疾病，经支气管镜检及异物取出术后，出现并发症者共35例，包括：喉痉挛8例（22．8％），支气管痉挛6例（17．1％），支气管黏膜出血12例（34．3％），皮下气肿8例（22．8％），死亡1例（2．8％）。结论儿童气道异物-经确诊或高度怀疑，应尽快行支气管镜检查，以保持呼吸道通畅。手术操作应轻柔准确，并注意观察患儿全身状况，是减少并发症的关键。     

肛管直肠异物嵌顿8例临床分析

肛管直肠异物是临床常见病,异物的大小、种类多种多样,临床表现也不尽相同。我院近3年收治肛门直肠异物8例,根据患者异物嵌顿的不同情况,采取不同的治疗手段,取得良好的临床疗效,现报告如下。     

A review of gastrointestinal foreign bodies

Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) foreign bodies represent a significant clinical problem in the Emergency Department, causing a high degree of financial burden, morbidity and mortality. A large variety of foreign bodies are accidentally ingested or inserted into the GIT in different age groups. This a retrospective review of 38 patients who presented to the Emergency Department with GIT foreign bodies between January 2001 and December 2004. Computer database and case note search of patients' personal data, nature of the foreign objects and mode of entry to the GIT were recorded. There were 30 males and eight females (M : F ratio of 3.75:1) with an age range of 10 months to 87 years (median age 25.5 years). Foreign body ingestion/insertion was accidental in 14 patients, deliberate in 11, for anal erotism in 11 and as a result of assault in two cases. The median time before presentation was 12 h, and the mean length of hospital stay was 1.7 days. Treatment was conservative in 15 patients; five patients had gastroscopic retrieval; 15 patients underwent examination under anaesthetic, retrieval and proctosigmoidoscopy and three patients underwent laparotomy for impacted foreign bodies. GIT foreign body ingestion or insertion is common; however, majority of cases can be successfully managed conservatively.     

结直肠息肉样病变内镜活检和内镜切除术后病理差异分析*

目的探讨结直肠息肉样病变的内镜活检病理与内镜切除术后病理的差异,分析其相关危险因素以及内镜活检的局限性。方法回顾性分析结直肠息肉样病变52例,内镜活检病理包括增生性息肉、炎性息肉以及腺瘤伴低级别上皮内瘤变(LGIN)或高级别上皮内瘤变(HGIN)。所有患者根据内镜下分型及大小选择不同的内镜下切除方式:圈套器高频电切除术、内镜下黏膜切除术(EMR)以及内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)。统计患者的临床资料、镜下特点、活检病理及内镜切除术后的病理差异,分析病理结果发生显著差异的危险因素。结果52例患者中,24例的活检病理与内镜切除病理存在差异,总体差异率为46.2%。其中增生性息肉、炎性息肉、LGIN以及HGIN活检与内镜切除病理的差异率分别为20.0%、42.9%、44.4%及54.5%。直径大于2.0 cm和病变表面充血是影响病理学差异的关键因素(P<0.05)。结论内镜活检对于结直肠息肉样病变性质的判断有一定的局限性,应警惕其对结直肠癌前病变及癌变的延迟诊治以及漏诊。     

保留自主呼吸下小儿支气管异物取出术麻醉方案优化

目的优化保留自主呼吸下小儿支气管异物取出术的麻醉药物组合。方法选取我院2018-10/2020-10期间硬质气管镜下支气管异物取出术患儿120例,年龄0~6岁,以患儿入手术室顺序抽取随机数字表法分为对照组(P组,n=60)和研究组(M组,n=60)。两组患儿的诱导均采用静注丙泊酚、吸入七氟醚并联合气道表麻的方式,自诱导后10 min待呼吸平稳及脑电双频谱指数(BIS)值稳定于40~60时停止吸入七氟醚,随后置入硬质镜开始手术。P组诱导时静注芬太尼1.5μg/kg,并持续泵注丙泊酚12 mg/(kg·h)至术毕;M组自诱导起泵注右美托咪定3μg/kg的负荷量,并持续泵注丙泊酚6 mg/(kg·h)和瑞芬太尼0.15μg/(kg·min)至术毕。记录入室时(T 0)、诱导毕准备置镜前(T 1)、硬镜置入时(T 2)、异物钳夹时(T 3)、苏醒期(T 4)、清醒时(T 5)的生命体征、手术医生满意度评分及并发症情况。结果除T 1及T 5其余各时点呼吸频率(RR)M组均高于P组(P<0.05);T 1及T 3脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO 2)M组高于P组(P<0.05)。M组手术医生满意度评分值高于P组(P<0.05)。术中屏气或呛咳例数、呼吸暂停例数、SpO 2下降例数及体动例数M组均低于P组(P<0.05)。结论硬质气管镜下小儿支气管异物取出术中优化的联合用药方案可明显降低术中并发症。     

Small Rare Earth Magnets Adhered to Pharyngeal Tissue in a Pediatric Emergency Department Patient

BackgroundSmall rare earth magnets pose a known health risk to children and many cases of ingestion and aspiration with associated complications have been described. More unusual, but also seen in children, are retained foreign bodies in the oropharynx that require extraction.Case ReportWe present the case of a 3-year-old boy with persistent left-sided sore throat 1 h after ingestion of several 3-mm spherical rare earth magnets. No foreign bodies were visible in the oropharynx on examination; however, a chest radiograph revealed two adjacent magnets within the lower pharyngeal space, as well as four magnets linearly clumped within the small intestine. The patient was taken to the operating room, where visual inspection under general anesthesia revealed two magnets adhered to the pharyngoepiglottic folds (one on the laryngeal surface and one on the glottic surface). They were removed in full without issue, preventing aspiration.Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This?Given the recent increase in incidence of rare earth magnet ingestion, emergency providers ought to be aware of the risks and complications associated with magnetic foreign body ingestion in children and the workup and considerations involved in their removal. Providers should also advocate for improved safety controls of these products, which have been found to be effective in the past.     

Removal of esophageal foreign bodies in the pediatric ED: is ketamine an option?

The objective of the study was to evaluate our experience with esophageal foreign body (EFB) removal comparing the use of ketamine-midazolam (K-M) and fentanyl-midazolam (F-M) in the emergency department (ED), to admission and general anesthesia (GA) in the operating room (OR). A retrospective review of all children undergoing EFB removal at our institution during a 2-year period was conducted. A total of 93 patients were identified: K-M 57/93 (61.2%), F-M 28/93 (30.1%), GA 5/93 (5.4%), and 3/93 (3.2%) by other means. Mean procedure durations were 4.8 min for K-M and 7.0 min for F-M. Mean lengths of stay (LOS) for ED procedures were 3.6 hrs for K-M and 5.7 hrs for F-M, versus 17.7 hrs if admitted. Transient hypoxemia occurred in 10.7% of K-M and 15.4% of F-M. Removal of EFBs in the ED may obviate the need for admission. In our experience, the use of K-M is associated with fewer airway complications, shorter removal times, and an overall shorter LOS.