计算机与医学图像处理

随着医学成像技术的发展,以及计算机和通讯技术与医学影像科学的相互渗透,使医学影像在现代医学诊断中的作用越来越重要。医学研究和临床诊断所需要的医学影像是多种多样的,主要分为结构影像技术和功能影像技术两大类。前者主要用于获取人体各器官解剖结构图像,清晰的人体结构图像和详尽的病理信息为临床医学的诊疗和医学科学的研究提供了直观可靠的手段。CT及MRI便属于此类结构影     

图像分割在医学图像处理中的应用

目的讨论了医学图像处理中图像分割的几种算法。方法讲述了几种图像分割的算法，并应用于实际的医学图像处理中。结果每种图像分割算法与图像处理都有各自不同的处理效果，各有优、缺点。结论在具体实际情况的使用中，根据不同的情况采用不同的分割算法，以达到更好的效果。     

Matlab在医学图像处理中的应用

本文介绍了医学图像的计算机相关处理技术,Matlab作为功能强大的仿真分析软件被广泛用于科学研究和解决各种具体问题,使用Matlab提供的工具箱对医学图像进行处理是医学图像数字化处理的有效方案,也为医学图像分析提供了有力途径.     

真彩色医学图像处理分析系统与临床应用

通过临床使用自行研制的真彩色通用医学图像处理分析系统发现：该系统充分考虑实验科学研究样本分析的特点，综合医学各科对图像处理分析的不同需求及多种图像分析仪之优点，在微机上实现了处理分析各种医学图像的功能，尤其适合对同一类图像样本的重复处理、分析与测量。系统提供了图像输入／输出，图像增强、编辑、分割，参数测量统计软件的数据接口等功能，可测量图像的几何参数、灰度参数、体视学参数等４０余项。可广泛应用于医学生物学、冶金、机械、材料、地质、石油、化工等领域。     

Matlab与VC接口在医学图像处理中的应用

通过分析Matlab和VC的特点,指出了利用Matlab与VC接口进行应用程序开发的优点,对比分析几种常用接口,得出了其各自的利弊,根据医学图像采集处理的实际要求,从中选择使用COM实现VC与Matlab混合编程进行图像处理,该方法充分利用了Matlab的图像处理工具箱的功能,结合了VC与Mathb各自的优点,最后,通过一个例子给出了程序实现的具体过程.     

医学图像后处理研究进展

概要分析和评述了近年来医学图像后处理技术的发展,并主要从图像分割、配准、重建、PACS系统等方面进行了分类综述。     

医学图像处理中有关图像分割的新技术

图像分割是图像处理中最基本和最主要的技术.本文简要介绍了医学图像分割的常用分割方法,主要包括阈值分割、神经网络分割、模糊分割、遗传算法、统计方法和基于特定模型等方法的图像分割.并对其近年来的进展和应用进行了综述.     

遗传算法在医学图像分割中的应用

图像分割（lmage Segmentation)是图像处理中的主要问题,同时也是一个学术难题,长期以来人们在努力寻找进行图像分割的算法,到目前为止还没有一个普遍认可的算法。1973年,美国教授J.Holland提出了遗传算法（Genetic Algorithm,GA)在很多领域获得进展,并在90年代被学引入图像分割领域。本简要介绍了图像分割及遗传算法的基本原理,着重探讨了近年来遗传算法在图像分割一个重要的应用领域－医学图像分割领域中的应用。     

医学超声关键技术研究和进展(二)超声弹性成像技术、超声图像处理与分析

超声弹性成像技术是近20年来在医学超声领域出现的新技术,它利用准静态压力、外加低频振动、声辐射力等形式激励组织振动,然后用超声方法检测组织的形变或者由振动引起的剪切波传播,最终得到组织的生物力学特性.超声弹性成像已经被广泛应用在乳腺、肝脏、前列腺等领域,显示了良好的临床应用前景.此外,超声图像处理与分析是超声成像系统的重要组成部分,主要包括超声图像的三维可视化、预处理、分割、配准及图像理解等,旨在为临床医生诊断提供有效的辅助手段.     

医院PACS技术与应用

文章通过介绍数字化医学影像技术、PACS的研究和发展状况，阐述了PACS系统的结构和组成，论述了PACS的关键技术和我国医院PACS建设应注意的一些问题。     

基于DICOM的医学影像设备接口设计与实现

医学影像存档与通讯系统(Picture Archiving and Communication Systems,PACS)是目前医院信息化建设的热点,医学数字成像和通信标准(Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine,DICOM)是有关医学图像及其相关信息的数据编码及通讯的国际标准,支持DICOM标准是医学影像设备并入PACS网络的必要条件。为使目前尚不符合DICOM标准的影像设备有效并入PACS系统,必须为其添加DICOM接口。我们介绍了DICOM信息模型并实现了接口的软件系统,重点介绍了应用VisualC 编程实现DICOM服务中的C-STORE和DCM文件的读写功能。     

医学图像可视化与相关技术及应用

医学图像可视化是医学图像处理领域中一个十分重要而有价值的部分。它产生的时间不长 ,基本理论、技术和应用范围正在不断发展完善。本文从医学图像可视化的算法开始 ,介绍可视化中三维重建、图像配准融合等技术及其医学应用 ,并对医学图像可视化最新发展 ,尤其是结合 PACS在图像数据库管理、在线可视化等方面的发展作较为全面的介绍     

Benefits of the DICOM Structured Report

Recently, the digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) standard introduced rules for the encoding, transmission, and storage of the imaging diagnostic report. This medical document can be stored and communicated with the images in picture archiving and communication system (PACS). It is a structured document that contains text with links to other data such as images, waveforms, and spatial or temporal coordinates. Its structure, along with its wide use of coded information, enables the semantic understanding of the data that is essential for the Electronic Healthcare Record deployment. In this article, we present DICOM Structured Report (SR) and discuss its benefits. We show how SR enables efficient radiology workflow, improves patient care, optimizes reimbursement, and enhances the radiology ergonomic working conditions. As structured input significantly alters the interpretation process, understanding all its benefits is necessary to support the change. Biography Rita Noumeir is a professor at the Department of Electrical Engineering of the University of Quebec, école de Technologie Superieure in Montreal. A founding member of the Imaging, Vision, and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (LIVIA), her main research interest is the Healthcare Information Technology, specifically, Interoperability, Electronic Patient Record, Security, Information Confidentiality, and Image Processing. As a member of both Technical and Planning International IHE Radiology Committees, Dr. Noumeir took part over the last 5 years in developing many Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise (IHE) Integration Profiles in Radiology and in organizing several Integration Demonstrations. She is a cofounder of IHE Canada. Dr. Noumeir contributed to many research and development projects in collaboration with several Canadian and international companies in medical imaging and healthcare information. Currently, she collaborates with the Diagnostic Imaging Team of Canada Health Infoway to define the principles and architecture for sharing imaging information between multiple healthcare institutions. She plays a leading role in the development of this solution that is published as an IHE Integration Profile for which she is the editor. Rita Noumeir holds a Ph.D. and a Masters degree in Biomedical Engineering from école Polytechnique of Montreal specializing in Medical Imaging. She is a professional engineer, and a member of the Ordre des ingénieurs du Québec.     

医学超声图像分析的研究进展

超声成像是四大医学影像技术之一,由于其特有的实时性、无损性、廉价性被广泛应用于医疗和诊断,因此,有必要对医学超声图像的计算机分析进行研究。从图像分割、图像配准及组织定征和生物测量三个医学超声图像分析的主要方面对国内外近年来的主要研究情况进行综述和评价,并在此基础上探讨其发展前景。     

Merits of usability testing for PACS selection

ObjectivesTo compare the usability of different Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) workstations, determine whether a usability test has added value with respect to the traditional way of comparing PACSs based on functional requirements, and to evaluate the appropriateness of a task-based methodology for a PACS usability test.MethodsA task-based usability test of four PACS workstations was performed. Radiologists’ subjective responses to the PACSs and their performance on the tasks were measured. To mimic the traditional PACS selection process, two functional requirements were defined which the PACSs met in varying degrees. The focus of the usability test was on the aspects of the PACS related to these requirements. The usability results were compared to the PACSs’ ability to meet the functional requirements.ResultsOne PACS outperformed the other PACSs both in terms of subjective preference and task performance, indicating its superior usability. There were differences in usability between PACSs with identical functionality. Also, a PACS with theoretically advantageous functionality for a given task did not necessarily have better usability for this task than a PACS without this functionality. There was a discrepancy between participants’ subjective preferences and their task performance, which indicates that it is vital to include performance measures in the usability assessment so that it accurately reflects the efficiency of interaction.ConclusionsThe differences in usability between PACSs with identical functionality indicate that functional requirements alone are insufficient to determine a PACS's overall quality. A usability test should therefore be used in addition to a functional requirement list in a PACS selection process to ensure that a hospital buys the PACS with the highest quality. A task-based usability evaluation methodology, which yields both subjective preference data and objective performance data of radiologists interacting with the PACS, is very suitable for such a usability test.     

基于DICOM标准的TLS网络安全传输技术研究与实现

随着医疗信息化的发展,图像归档与通信系统(PACS)、医院信息系统/放射科信息系统(HIS/RIS)等医疗信息管理系统日渐普及和完善,这些系统之间的互操作越发频繁,通过网络由一个封闭的系统走向开放,走向区域化成为必然。而信息的传输安全是使之成为可能的前提条件。基于网络安全的必要性,着重研究了医学数字成像与通信(DICOM)标准和安全传输层(TLS)协议,并结合OpenSSL工具包和DCMTK工具包实现了DICOM医疗信息TLS安全传输。     

基于医学图像建立预测模型的应用现况

基于医学图像建立的预测模型,可以在一定程度上帮助临床医生对一些复杂及早期难发现的疾病进行诊断,而日益受到重视.在医学图像分析中采用的预测模型,主要包括数据挖掘算法、回归预测方法和时间序列预测法等.本文重点介绍数据挖掘算法和其他模型的应用情况、模型间的对比及联合应用效果,总体上模型联合应用的效果较好.     

基于CUDA的2D、3D刚性配准方法

目的:实时医学图像配准技术是外科手术导航系统的关键技术之一。在医学图像分析中,图像配准通常是一个非常耗时的操作,不利于临床实时性需求,本文研究实现了图像配准过程的加速。方法:为了提高配准速度,本文提出了一种基于CUDA(compute unified device architecture)编程模型的硬件加速配准新技术,采用并行的方法实现像素的坐标变换,线性插值,同时计算对应像素的灰度值残差。结果:配准误差为亚像素级别,配准速度要比基于CPU的配准快几十甚至上百倍。结论:该方法在保持配准精度不变的前提下,大大提高了刚性配准的速度。     

Progress toward Paperless Radiology in the Digital Environment: Planning,Implementation, and Benefits

A growing number of hospitals have installed PACS (Picture Archiving and Communications Systems) in order to improve patient care and to facilitate improved efficiencies. While eliminating films is commonly one of the first goals in planning a successful PACS implementation, eliminating the manual handling of paperwork can also produce a substantial benefit. We describe the process utilized at Maine Medical Center (MMC) to achieve a substantial degree of freedom from paperwork. Some of the benefits were expected, but some unexpected benefits also revealed themselves during this process.