高血压性脑出血不同术式的治疗体会

高血压性脑出血不同术式的治疗体会李拴德，杨术真，姜克明，宁学权，李迎国１９８０～１９９４年，我院经ＣＴ诊断并施行外科治疗的高血压脑出血１８０例，其中锥颅血肿腔引流、尿激酶溶解术３５例，锥颅血肿碎吸引流术４２例，骨瓣或骨窗开颅术２４例，锥颅碎吸＋骨瓣开...     

高血压脑出血外科治疗67例分析

目的探讨高血压脑出血的外科手术治疗术式选择。方法总结67例高血压脑出血患者的临床资料。这些患者中采用钻孔引流注入尿激酶治疗者24例,锥颅血肿碎吸术治疗者32例,小骨窗开颅血肿清除加外引流术治疗者9例,骨成型瓣开颅术2例,术后按日常生活能力分级法比较临床疗效。结果钻孔引流注入尿激酶治疗的24例患者中,Ⅰ级4例,Ⅱ级9例,Ⅲ级5例,Ⅳ级3例,Ⅴ级2例,死亡1例;锥颅血肿碎吸术32例患者中,Ⅰ级9例,Ⅱ级15例,Ⅲ级2例,Ⅳ级1例,Ⅴ级3例,死亡2例;小骨窗开颅血肿清除加外引流术9例患者中,Ⅰ级3例,Ⅱ级1例,Ⅲ级2例,Ⅳ级1例,Ⅴ级1例,死亡1例;骨成型瓣开颅术2例患者中,Ⅴ级1例,死亡1例。结论根据病情分级和个体化选择手术方式是改善高血压脑出血外科治疗效果的重要因素。     

两种微创技术治疗中等量高血压脑出血效果及并发症分析

目的 探讨血肿穿刺粉碎清除术与锥颅钻孔引流术治疗中等量(30～60 ml)基底节高血压脑出血的效果及并发症,.方法 将123例中等量基底节区高血压脑出血患者分为血肿穿刺粉碎清除术组(碎吸组,60例)和锥颅钻孔引流术组(锥颅组,63例),评价两组患者神经功能缺损程度、住院期间的死亡率及并发症.结果 两组患者都取得明显的疗效;碎吸组总有效率86.7%(52/60),锥颅组总有效率84.1%(53/63).住院期间两组患者共死亡4例,其中碎吸组2例,锥颅组2例;住院期间患者的手术并发症主要有急性硬膜外血肿(碎吸组5例,锥颅组1例)、颅内感染(碎吸组2例,锥颅组3例).两组总有效率和并发症发生率均无明显差异(P>0.05).结论 两种技术均有确切治疗效果,但各有优缺点,在适应证的选择上应各有所侧重.     

锥颅外引流术联合尿激酶灌洗治疗慢性硬膜下血肿

目的探讨锥颅外引流术联合尿激酶灌洗治疗慢性硬膜下血肿(CSDH)的疗效。方法回顾性分析97例采用锥颅外引流术联合尿激酶灌洗治疗的CSDH的临床资料。结果入院时Markwalder分级0~Ⅰ级56例,Ⅱ~Ⅳ级41例;出院时0~Ⅰ级91例,Ⅱ~Ⅳ级41例6例;出院时,Markwalder分级明显改善(P0.05)。85例出院后随访3个月,血肿复发1例,硬膜下少量积液1例,无死亡病例。结论锥颅外引流术联合尿激酶灌洗治疗CSDH,是一种安全可行、疗效显著、并发症少及复发率低的方法。     

高血压脑出血锥颅穿刺血肿外引流术治疗进展

随着立体定向技术及CT引导定位的发展,国内外临床研究和学术争议现已基本达成共识,高血压脑出血微创血肿引流术的疗效要明显优于传统开颅脑内血肿清除术[1,2]。微创手术包括立体定向、锥颅引流加尿激酶溶解、锥颅碎吸、显微锁孔术等。采用     

微创治疗高血压脑出血破入脑室46例临床观察

目的　探讨高血压脑出血破入脑室的治疗方法。方法　对 46例高血压脑出血患者 ,通过脑室外引流并辅以尿激酶脑室内反复灌洗治疗。结果　基本治愈 16例 ,显著进步 14例 ,进步 4例 ,死亡 12例。结论　脑室外引流辅以尿激酶治疗高血压脑出血破入脑室简单、有效。     

超早期血肿碎吸引流术治疗高血压脑出血

超早期血肿碎吸引流术治疗高血压脑出血于效良，高广顺，柳宪华自１０９１年１月至１９９４年１月，我们应用超早期（发病后６小时内）脑内血肿碎吸术，并辅以血肿腔内尿激酶注入，持续引流治疗高血压脑出血，取得良好效果。现报告如下。资料与方法１．一般资料：男１２例...     

钻颅血肿碎吸术治疗高血压脑出血术后再出血

目的评估钻颅血肿碎吸术,在高血压脑出血术后再出血的治疗效果.方法分析4例出血量大于30ml,病人年龄轻,病情进展快,甚至发生脑疝的患者行开颅血肿清除术、去骨瓣减压术后再出血的病例.结果经钻颅血肿碎吸术+尿激酶灌注引流治疗,全部存活,生活基本自理.结论高血压脑出血术后再出血,应用钻颅血肿碎吸术治疗是一种行之有效的治疗方法.     

微创治疗高血压脑出血破入脑室46例临床观察

目的 探讨高血压脑出血破入脑室的治疗方法。方法 对46例高血压脑出血患者，通过脑室外引流并辅以尿激酶脑室内反复灌洗治疗。结果 基本治愈16例，显著进步14例，进步4例，死亡12例。结论 脑室外引流辅以尿激酶治疗高血压脑出血破入脑室简单、有效。     

锥颅碎吸并液化引流术超早期治疗高血压脑出血

我院自1998年10月-2003年7月采取锥颅碎吸并置换液化引流术超早期（发病时间〈7h）治疗40例高血压脑出血患，疗效满意。     

Reliability of monitoring the clinical dementia rating in multicenter clinical trials

CONTEXT: The Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) is quickly becoming a criterion standard in multicenter clinical trials in Alzheimer disease. An abbreviated version, with formal monitoring for consistency across sites and raters, is currently used in the Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study (ADCS). OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the degree of agreement on CDR scoring of clinical monitors working independently from ADCS-CDR worksheets. DESIGN: Three members of the ADCS who are experienced and highly trained with respect to the CDR independently reviewed the ADCS-CDR worksheets of 15 subjects, assigning box and global CDR scores according to the prescribed algorithm. SETTING: The ratings were assigned during a single, 3-hour session in a closed room. PARTICIPANTS: Two clinical monitors and one project director/clinical monitor supervisor. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Percent agreement, Kendall's tau-b, and Cohen's kappa were used to assess the degree of agreement of the raters with the previously established gold standard assessment on global and box scores for the 15 subjects. RESULTS: Raters, blinded to patient groupings, were in agreement with the Gold Standard global CDR assessment on 87% of ratings. Kappa values indicated good (kappa = 0.66, orientation and judgment & problem solving boxes) to excellent (kappa = 0.83, global CDR) agreement. CONCLUSIONS: The ADCS-CDR worksheets were reliably and consistently scored by clinical monitors, who may be considered proxy gold standards for CDR assessment.     

坚持临床方向,提高临床研究水平

<临床神经病学杂志>即将进入精力更加充沛、事业发展高峰的第30年.20年来<临床神经病学杂志>对我国神经病学的发展作出了非常大的贡献.在神经病学范围内是阅读人数最多的杂志,其原因在于坚持"临床"二字.     

Handling clinical comorbidity in randomized clinical trials in psychiatry

The purpose of this paper is to a) outline the importance of including patients with clinical comorbidities in Randomized Clinical Trials (RCTs) of psychiatric treatments; and b) to propose a specific approach for best handling, analyzing and interpreting the data on clinical comorbidities in terms of their impact on treatment outcomes. To do this we first define and describe clinical comorbidity and differentiate it from other forms of comorbidity. We then describe the methodological and analytical problems associated with excluding patients with clinically comorbid conditions from RCTs, including the impact on the outcomes of RCTs in psychiatry and the impact on evidence-based clinical decision-making. We then address the challenges inherent to including patients with clinical comorbidities in RCTs. Finally, we propose a methodological and analytic approach to deal with these issues in RCTs which aims to significantly improve the information yielded from RCTs in psychiatry, and thus improve clinical decision-making.     

脑卒中临床神经功能缺损程度评分标准在小脑出血中的临床应用

目的 评估脑卒中临床神经功能缺损程度评分标准在小脑出血的诊治及预后判断中的价值。方法 对44例经CT和／或MRI确诊的小脑出血患者,回顾性地进行入院时评分及内、外科治疗方法的疗效判定。结果 44例小脑出血患者中,轻到中型患者（0－30分）37例,经内、外科治疗后,其疗效均显著,预后良好;重型患者（31－45分）7例,内科治疗3例均死亡,外科治疗4例均存活且神经功能恢复良好。评分越高,出血量越大,患者的治疗效果及预后越差。结论 脑卒中临床神经功能缺损程度评分标准在小脑出血的诊治及预后判断中有重要的参考价值。