加长柄人工股骨头置换术与PFNA内固定治疗高龄不稳定股骨粗隆间骨折的比较研究

目的比较加长柄人工股骨头置换术与股骨近端防旋髓内钉(PFNA)治疗高龄不稳定股骨粗隆间骨折的临床效果。方法回顾性比较分析自2013-06—2014-09诊治的65例高龄不稳定股骨粗隆间骨折,采用PFNA内固定治疗20例(PFNA组),采用加长柄人工股骨头置换术治疗45例(其中骨水泥组22例,生物型组23例)。比较3组手术时间、术中出血量、术后下地时间、并发症发生率,以及术后1、3、6、12个月髋关节功能Harris评分。结果 65例均获得随访9~18个月,平均12个月。3组手术时间差异有统计学意义(P0.05),PFNA组少于生物型组和骨水泥组,而生物型组少于骨水泥组。3组术中出血量差异有统计学意义(P0.05),PFNA组少于生物型组和骨水泥组,而骨水泥组少于生物型组。3组术后下地时间差异有统计学意义(P0.05),生物型组和骨水泥组明显早于PFNA组,而骨水泥组早于生物型组。生物型组和骨水泥组术后1、3、6个月髋关节功能Harris评分均优于PFNA组,但生物型组与骨水泥组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后12个月时3组髋关节功能Harris评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对于身体状况较好、骨质稳定的高龄股骨粗隆间骨折,可首选PFNA髓内固定;对于伴有严重骨质疏松,不适合内固定治疗以及内固定失败,或预期置换后关节使用年限不长患者,加长柄人工股骨头置换术是安全、有效的手术方式。     

生物型加长柄髋关节置换治疗高龄不稳定型股骨转子间骨折

目的探讨生物型加长柄人工髋关节置换治疗高龄不稳定型股骨转子间骨折的临床疗效。方法对51例高龄不稳定型股骨转子间骨折患者采用经髋关节外侧切口前方入路生物型加长柄人工髋关节置换治疗。结果患者均顺利完成手术,术后发生急性深静脉血栓2例,经积极治疗恢复正常。死亡2例,1例术后6个月死于心肌梗死,1例术后10个月死于肺部感染。49例获得随访,时间12~36个月。骨折愈合时间4~10个月,无人工关节脱位、假体周围感染、假体松动等并发症。术后12个月按Harris评分评定患髋关节功能:优18例,良25例,可5例,差1例,优良率87.8%。结论生物型加长柄人工髋关节置换是治疗高龄不稳定型股骨转子间骨折的一种安全有效方法。     

Salvage of neglected unstable intertrochanteric fracture with cementless porous-coated hemiarthroplasty.

A cementless porous-coated femoral prosthesis with a long stem was implanted in seven patients who had untreated comminuted unstable intertrochanteric fractures of the femur associated with a posterior dislocation of the femoral head. The average age of the patients was 35 years (range, 25-52 years). The length of follow-up observation averaged 45 months (range, 23-60 months). The hip rating at the final follow-up examination ranged from 82 to 100 points (average, 96 points). The follow-up roentgenographs of these patients revealed complete consolidation of the fracture site and no evidence of subsidence or loosening of the prosthesis. There was no indication of detrimental bone remodeling phenomenon in this series. Hemiarthroplasty with a cementless, porous-coated, long-stem prosthesis can be effective treatment for this complex fracture dislocation.     

骨水泥加长柄髋关节置换治疗高龄不稳定型股骨转子间骨折

目的探讨骨水泥加长柄人工髋关节置换治疗高龄不稳定型股骨转子间骨折的临床疗效。方法对32例高龄不稳定型股骨转子间骨折患者采用经髋关节外侧切口前方入路骨水泥加长柄人工髋关节置换治疗。结果 30例获得随访,时间18～36个月。按Harris评分标准进行功能评定:优10例,良16例,可3例,差1例,优良率为86.7%。无人工关节脱位、假体关节感染、假体松动、下沉、钢丝断裂等并发症发生。结论骨水泥加长柄人工髋关节置换治疗高龄不稳定型股骨转子间骨折安全、有效。     

加长柄人工股骨头置换治疗高龄不稳定型股骨转子间骨折

目的评价应用加长柄股骨头置换治疗高龄骨质疏松不稳定型转子间骨折的临床疗效。方法对85例高龄不稳定型股骨转子间骨折采用加长柄人工股骨头置换术,根据Harris髋关节评分评价临床疗效。结果患者均获得随访,时间9~18个月。患者髋关节功能均恢复良好,术后3~6个月基本恢复生活能力。术后随访均未出现下肢深静脉血栓、关节脱位、人工假体松动、下沉或断裂、假体周围骨折等并发症。术后9个月根据髋关节Harris评分优良率达90.83%。结论加长柄人工股骨头置换是治疗高龄不稳定型转子间骨折安全、有效的方法,但远期疗效尚需进一步随访观察。     

加长柄骨水泥人工双极股骨头置换治疗高龄股骨转子间骨折

目的探讨加长柄骨水泥人工双极股骨头置换治疗高龄股骨转子间骨折的疗效。方法采用加长柄骨水泥人工双极股骨头治疗62例高龄股骨转子间骨折患者。结果手术时间(92±27)min,输血(600±120)ml。术后5～7 d下地12例,7～10 d下地41例,10～14 d下地9例。术后并发症:肺部感染、菌群失调3例,电解质代谢紊乱6例,低蛋白血症19例。62例均获随访,时间6～48个月。按Harris评分标准:优18例,良33例,可11例,优良率达83.2%。无人工关节脱位、感染发生。结论用加长柄骨水泥人工双极股骨头治疗高龄股骨转子间骨折,可早期下地功能锻炼,减少并发症,提高生活质量。     

螺旋刀片髓内钉固定治疗老年股骨转子间骨折

目的比较专为骨质疏松设计的股骨近端螺旋刀片髓内钉（proximal femoral nail antirotion,PFNA）与目前临床常用的其他内固定系统在治疗老年股骨转子间骨折中的临床效果。方法2007年6月始采用PFNA治疗28例老年股骨转子间骨折患者,与同期我科采用不同内固定系统（动力髋螺钉、Gamma钉和股骨近端钉）治疗的相同疾病患者相比．分别从手术时间、手术并发症、骨折愈合时间及关节功能恢复情况进行分析。结果髋关节功能优良率73．3％。无感染、股骨颈螺钉切出、骨折断端塌陷吸收、主钉末端股骨干骨折等严重手术并发症;PFNA组手术时间、出血量优于其他内固定组。结论PFNA内固定治疗老年骨质疏松患者转子间骨折操作简单、固定牢固、初期疗效可靠、手术并发症发生率低,是一种理想的内固定方法。     

Treatment of reverse oblique and transverse intertrochanteric fractures with use of an intramedullary nail or a 95 degrees screw-plate: a prospective, randomized study

BACKGROUND: Intertrochanteric fractures are composed of different anatomic patterns that vary in their degree of stability following open reduction and internal fixation. A particularly unstable group is classified as AO/OTA 31-A3, with the fracture pattern described as reverse oblique or transverse. The purpose of this study was to compare the results of intramedullary fixation with those of plate fixation for these intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients. METHODS: Thirty-nine elderly patients with AO/OTA 31-A3 intertrochanteric fractures of the femur were randomized into two treatment groups and were followed for a minimum of one year. The nineteen patients in Group I were treated with a 95 fixed-angle screw-plate (Dynamic Condylar Screw), and the twenty patients in Group II were treated with an intramedullary nail (Proximal Femoral Nail). The treatment groups were comparable with regard to all demographic and injury variables. RESULTS: Patients treated with an intramedullary nail had shorter operative times, fewer blood transfusions, and shorter hospital stays compared with those treated with a 95 screw-plate. Implant failure and/or nonunion was noted in seven of the nineteen patients who had been treated with the 95 screw-plate. Only one of the twenty fractures that had been treated with an intramedullary nail did not heal. CONCLUSION: The results of our study support the use of an intramedullary nail rather than a 95 screw-plate for the fixation of reverse oblique and transverse intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients.     

Mid-term survivals of cemented calcar-replacement bipolar hemiarthroplasty for unstable intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients

BackgroundThe literature has limited evidence regarding the mid-term survivals of cemented calcar-replacement bipolar hemiarthroplasty (HA) in elderly patients with unstable intertrochanteric (IT) fracture. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate clinical and radiological outcomes of cemented calcar-replacement bipolar HA for unstable IT fractures in elderly patients.MethodsOne hundred and twenty-two patients with the mean age of 80.6 years were enrolled in this retrospective study after they met the selection criteria. Demographics, main clinical characteristics, and operative data were recorded for all patients. Functional outcomes were assessed according to Koval's categories. Clinical and radiological evaluations were performed. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was used to construct the cumulative survival rate. The mean follow-up time was 25.7 ± 2.9 months (ranges 0–72 months).ResultsBased on Koval's categories, 3 or 4-level decrease was detected in 21 patients (17%). Three patients (2 periprosthetic infections, 1 periprosthetic fracture) underwent reoperation during follow-up. No patient underwent revision of bipolar HA prosthesis. Femoral stem loosening and stem subsidence was the most common complication, observed in 22 patients (18%), followed by acetabular erosion that was seen in 12 patients (9.8%). The mean cumulative survival rate of prosthesis was 56.5% (95% confidence interval: 51.3–61.6).ConclusionBased on the results of our study, cemented calcar-replacement HA is an appropriate treatment option in elderly patients with unstable IT fractures owing to the advantages of satisfactory functional outcomes and lower reoperation rates. However, orthopedic surgeons should consider the low survival rates of cemented calcar-replacement HA prosthesis because of the increased femoral loosening in osteoporotic elderly patients.     

Intramedullary fixation of intertrochanteric hip fractures: a comparison of two implant designs

We report a randomised prospective study comparing two implants, the Gamma trochanteric nail and the ACE trochanteric nail, in the treatment of intertrochanteric femoral fractures in the elderly. One hundred and twelve patients were randomised on admission into two treatment groups. Fifty-six patients were treated with Gamma nail implants, and 56 were treated with ACE trochanteric nail. The average age of these patients was 78 years. Twenty fractures were stable and 92 unstable. The mean follow-up time was 8 months (6 -12). Regular clinical and radiological review was done 1, 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Operation time, fluoroscopy time, blood transfusion and complications were recorded. The mobility score was used to assess the pre-injury and postoperative mobility status. All the patients were treated within 36 h of their accident. There were no complications during surgery. All the patients were mobilised in the first 24 h postoperatively, regardless of the fracture type, and weight bearing was permitted as tolerated. Union of the fracture was achieved in all patients. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups with regard to the studied parameters. There was no mechanical failure of the implants despite the early patient mobilisation. Early operation and early mobilisation resulted in a good functional outcome in all patients. Both the trochanteric gamma nail and ACE trochanteric nail provide effective methods of treatment for intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients.     

长柄人工髋关节置换治疗高龄股骨转子间骨折的实验及临床研究

目的 进行人股骨转子间骨折特制长柄股骨头置换的生物力学实验,在此基础上应用于临床并观察其临床疗效及并发症的发生。方法 设计长柄人工股骨头,模拟人股骨转子间粉碎性骨折进行置换,做为实验组,同时设对照组及标准组进行生物力学测定,在此基础上采用该方法治疗70岁以上粉碎性股骨转子间骨折29例,对住院时间、术后负重行走时间、并发症及术后病死率进行观察、随访。结果 人股骨转子间骨折特制长柄股骨头置换的生物力学测定符合生物力学要求。临床应用,平均住院时间为15 d,平均术后负重行走时间为12.4 d,术后并发髋关节疼痛2例,术后3个月死亡1例。结论 长柄人工股骨头置换治疗老年病人粉碎性粗隆间骨折,功能恢复好、能早期负重下地、并发症少,临床上值得推广使用。     

老年骨质疏松性股骨粗隆间骨折的内固定器选择

目的 探讨不同类型老年骨质疏松性股骨粗隆间骨折的内固定器选择.方法 回顾性分析我院于2013年6月至2015年6月收治的252例老年骨质疏松性股骨粗隆间骨折病人的临床资料.病人均采取闭合复位内固定手术,根据内固定器不同分为股骨近端防旋髓内钉(proximal femoral nail antiro-tation,PFNA)-Ⅱ组(154例)和InterTan组(98例).对比分析两组病人的骨折类型情况、术中情况、术后骨折愈合、患髋功能恢复情况和并发症等.结果 病人均顺利完成手术及随访.PFNA-Ⅱ组病人手术时间为(44.17±6.75)min、术中出血量为(140.34±15.68)ml,均显著少于InterTan组的(60.32±7.39)min和(178.26±18.25)ml(均P=0.000).术后PFNA-Ⅱ组病人股骨干骨折率显著高于InterTan组(P=0.032),股骨颈缩短长度多于InterTan组(P=0.000),髋关节或大腿疼痛发生率(15.58%)显著高于InterTan组(5.10%)(P=0.011).两组病人骨折愈合时间、远端钉尖位置、Harris髋关节评分及其他并发症比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05).结论 PFNA-Ⅱ操作相对简单,但InterTan钉疗效更好,对于简单的骨质疏松性股骨粗隆间骨折可选择PFNA-Ⅱ或InterTan钉;对于Evans-JensenⅡB或Ⅲ型等稳定性较差的复杂骨折,选择InterTan钉更有优势;老年病人如果基础情况较差,且需尽快完成手术,选择PFNA-Ⅱ钉可缩短手术时间.     

闭合复位防旋近段股骨髓内钉(PFNA)内固定联合早期使用降钙素治疗高龄不稳定型股骨转子间骨折的临床研究

【摘要】〓目的〓观察闭合复位防旋近段股骨髓内钉(PFNA)内固定联合早期使用降钙素治疗高龄不稳定型股骨转子间骨折的临床疗效。 方法〓选取90例高龄不稳定性股骨转子骨折患者分别给予切开复位DHS髓外固定(A组)、闭合复位PFNA内固定(B组)和闭合复位PFNA+鲑鱼降钙素治疗(C组),观察比较3组术中情况、术后恢复情况和术后并发症情况。结果〓B组比A组在术中情况及术后恢复上均有优势;而C组相对于B组,其开始负重锻炼的时间和骨折愈合时间显著较短;B组术后并发症发生显著少于A组(P均<0.05)。结论〓闭合复位PFNA内固定能够获得更好的恢复效果,配合降钙素能够有效缩短恢复时间。     

Results of the proximal femoral nail anti-rotation (PFNA) in elderly Chinese patients

A prospective study is presented of 87 unstable intertrochanteric fractures treated with the proximal femoral nail anti-rotation (PFNA) with a follow-up of one year. Of the patients 76% were female. The average age was 75.3 years. The fracture was treated by closed reduction and intramedullary fixation. Pre-injury activity level was recovered in 77% of the patients. Fractures united in all patients. Mechanical failure and cut-out were not observed. A technical problem related to the mismatch of the proximal end of the nail was observed in 11 cases. Nine patients presented with thigh pain due to the redundant proximal end of the nail. The results of the PFNA were satisfactory in most elderly Chinese patients. However, the proximal end of the nail was not matched with the specific anatomy of some short elderly patients. Further modifications of the nail are necessary for the elderly Chinese population.     

股骨近端防旋髓内钉和Gamma钉治疗老年不稳定型股骨转子间骨折疗效比较

目的比较股骨近端髓内钉和Gamma钉治疗老年不稳定股骨转子间骨折的疗效。方法将133例老年不稳定股骨转子间骨折患者按内固定方法分为股骨近端髓内钉(PFNA)组55例和Gamma钉组78例。比较两组的手术技巧、术后并发症、骨折愈合情况和髋关节功能。结果两组患者均获随访,时间6~18个月。两组在手术时间、术中出血量、骨折愈合情况及髋关节功能(末次随访Harris评分)比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。Gamma钉组出现2例髋螺钉切割,1例远端锁钉断裂,1例股骨干骨折;PFNA组无相关并发症发生。结论 PFNA和Gamma钉均是治疗老年不稳定型股骨转子间骨折的理想方法。与Gamma钉相比,PFNA显著降低了术后并发症,更适用于治疗老年骨质疏松性不稳定型股骨转子间骨折。     

动力髋部螺钉和股骨近端髓内钉与人工股骨头置换术治疗老年股骨转子间不稳定型骨折的疗效分析

目的探讨动力髋部螺钉（DHS）、股骨近端髓内钉（PFN）和人工股骨头置换术对老年股骨转子间不稳定型骨折的疗效。方法96例股骨转子间不稳定型骨折患者中,DHS组34例,PFN组36例,人工股骨头置换术组26例,对其术中、术后指标进行比较。结果96例患者随访10—38个月,平均18个月。3组术中出血量、手术时间、术后引流量、术后下床时间之间的差异有统计学意义。术后并发症以DHS组最多,PFN组次之,人工股骨头置换组最少。按Harris评分系统评估,各组优良率分别是79．4％（DHS组）、94．2％（PFN组）、92．3％（人工股骨头置换组）;后两组的优良率显著高于DHS组（P〈0．05）。结论对于老年股骨转子间不稳定型骨折的治疗,PFN和人工股骨头置换两种术式均行之有效,优于DHS,在严格掌握适应证的前提下,人工股骨头置换术后可早期下床行走,减少并发症,对高龄伴严重骨质疏松的患者尤为适宜。     

A biomechanical comparison of proximal femoral nails and locking proximal anatomic femoral plates in femoral fracture fixation: A study on synthetic bones

Background:The incidence of fractures in the trochanteric area has risen with the increasing numbers of elderly people with osteoporosis. Although dynamic hip screw fixation is the gold standard for the treatment of stable intertrochanteric femur fractures, treatment of unstable intertrochanteric femur fractures still remains controversial. Intramedullary devices such as Gamma nail or proximal femoral nail and proximal anatomic femur plates are in use for the treatment of intertrochanteric femur fractures. There are still many investigations to find the optimal implant to treat these fractures with minimum complications. For this reason, we aimed to perform a biomechanical comparison of the proximal femoral nail and the locking proximal anatomic femoral plate in the treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fractures.Result:Nail and plate models were locked distally at the same level. Axial steady load with a 5 mm/m velocity was applied through the mechanical axis of femur bone models. Axial loading in the proximal femoral intramedullary nail group was 1.78-fold greater compared to the plate group. All bones that had the plate applied were fractured in the portion containing the distal locking screw.Conclusion:The proximal femoral intramedullary nail provides more stability and allows for earlier weight bearing than the locking plate when used for the treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fractures of the femur. Clinicians should be cautious for early weight bearing with locking plate for unstable intertrochanteric femur fractures.     

Fractures of the ipsilateral femur after hip arthroplasty: A statistical analysis of outcome based on 487 patients

A complete review of the literature revealed 487 patients in 26 published reports with ipsilateral femur fractures occurring about the femoral prosthetic stem. This review included general surveys, multicenter studies, and case reports. Based on these studies, the authors divided the fractures into six types: type 1, intertrochanteric; type 2, proximal femur; type 3, spanning the prosthesis tip; type 4, distal to the prosthesis tip; type 5, comminuted blowout; and type 6, supracondylar. Type 1–5 fractures were stratified into the following treatment groups: traction, casting and partial weight bearing, cerclage wiring, screw/plate fixation, long-stem revision with plus/minus supplementation fixation or bone-graft, and other less frequently reported techniques. A statistical analysis of each type of fracture in terms of the various treatments used and the clinical outcome was performed. The best results based on the literature would be cerclage wiring or long-stem revision for types 2, 3, and 5 fractures (P < .02). For type 4 fractures, traction and long-stem revisions were about equally successful (at 77 and 74%, respectively), and were both superior to screw/plate fixation or cerclage fixation (P < .01). Other factors, such as cemented versus cementless prostheses, stable versus unstable prostheses, overall medical condition of the patient, and other parameters, should be analyzed and considered when choosing a treatment course. Based on the authors' results, suggestions for the treatment of each fracture type are offered.     

A comparative study of ipsilateral intertrochanteric and femoral shaft fractures treated with long proximal femoral nail antirotation or plate combinations

Objective: To compare the results of long proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA‐long) and plate combinations in the treatment of ipsilateral intertrochanteric and femoral shaft fractures. Methods: Between March 2004 and April 2009, 23 patients with ipsilateral intertrochanteric and femoral shaft fractures were treated with PFNA‐long or plate combinations. The patients were divided into two groups. Group I contained 13 patients who were treated with dynamic hip screws (DHS) combined with compression plate fixation. The 10 patients in Group II were treated with PFNA‐long. Results: The average follow‐up was 17.8 and 16.8 months for Groups I and II, respectively. The average union time for intertrochanteric fractures was 17.4 and 16.6 weeks in Groups I and II, respectively, and for femoral shaft fracture 22.2 and 21.5 weeks, respectively. There were nine good, two fair, and two poor functional results in Group I, and eight good, one fair, and one poor in Group II. There was nonunion of two femoral shaft fractures in Group I and one in Group II. There were no significant differences between the two groups in functional outcomes or major complications. Conclusion: Both treatment methods achieve satisfactory functional outcomes in patients with ipsilateral intertrochanteric and femoral shaft fractures. PFNA‐long is the better choice for the treatment of complex fractures, having the advantages of minimal exposure, reduced perioperative blood loss, and achievement of biological fixation of both fractures with a single implant.     

亚洲型股骨近端抗旋髓内钉微创治疗老年不稳定股骨转子间骨折

目的探讨亚洲型股骨近端抗旋髓内钉（proximal femoral nail anti-rotationⅡ,PFNA-Ⅱ）治疗老年不稳定股骨转子间骨折的临床效果。方法 2009年2月-2010年10月对46例老年不稳定股骨转子间骨折采用闭合牵引复位,小切口置入PFNA-Ⅱ。结果手术时间45-100 min,平均60 min。出血80-440 ml,平均120 ml。术后住院5-14 d,平均9 d。42例随访4-18个月,平均8个月：骨折全部愈合,愈合时间10周-6个月,平均13周;未出现髋内翻,内固定物失效及切割现象;按Harris髋关节功能评分,优26例,良10例,中4例,差2例,优良率85.7%（36/42）。结论 PFNA-Ⅱ内固定具有操作简单、固定可靠的特点,是目前治疗老年不稳定股骨转子间骨折理想的内固定材料。