急性下壁心梗心电图特点与冠脉造影梗死相关动脉相关性分析

目的 探讨根据急性下壁心肌梗死心电图(ECG)特点来判断梗死相关动脉(IRA).方法 对照研究76例急性下壁心肌梗死患者的冠脉造影资料,分析梗死相关动脉及体表心电图变化.结果 梗死相关动脉为右冠状动脉(RCA)可能性大的有:心电图ST段抬高Ⅲ＞Ⅱ(83.6％),心电图ST段压低AVL＞Ⅰ(82.1％),V3导联ST段压低与Ⅲ导联ST段抬高比值≤1.2(83.3％),aVL S/R＞ 1/3伴ST段压低＞1 mm(90％),梗死相关动脉为左回旋支动脉(LCX)可能性大的有:ST段抬高Ⅲ≤Ⅱ(80％),ST段压低aVL≤Ⅰ(71.4％),V3导联ST段压低与Ⅲ导联ST段抬高比值＞1.2(83.4％),如S/R≤1/3伴ST段压低≤1mm(85.7％).结论 急性下壁心肌梗死时体表心电图与梗死相关动脉有明显相关性,且有较好的预测价值.     

急性下壁心肌梗死中梗死相关血管的心电图表现

目的：探讨心电图在判断下壁急性心肌梗死（AMI）中梗死相关血管（IRA）和预测患者住院期间心脏事件中的价值。方法：选择经冠状动脉造影确诊的下壁AMI患者163例，观察其心电图表现与冠状动脉造影、住院期间心脏事件的关系。结果：163例下壁AMI患者中，有冠状动脉（RCA）病变112例，左回旋支（LCX）病变5I例。以RCA病变为主时,心电图表现为Ⅲ导联ST段抬高幅度〉Ⅱ导联ST段抬高幅度、aVL导联ST段压低和aVR导联ST段抬高：LCX病变心电图多表现为Ⅲ导联ST段抬高幅度〈Ⅱ导联ST段抬高幅度、aVL导联ST段抬高和aVR导联ST段压低。Ⅲ导联ST段抬高幅度〉Ⅱ导联ST段抬高幅度，则提示合并有心室AMI及缓慢性心律失常的发生率高于Ⅲ导联ST段抬高幅度〈Ⅱ导联ST段抬高幅度者。结论：临床医师可通过心电图上的ST段移位对AMl患者的IRA作出初步判断,并评估其预后。     

急性前壁和前壁合并下壁心肌梗死患者入院时心电图与冠状动脉血管造影所示病变之间的关系及预测价值

目的：探讨急性前壁和前壁合并下壁心肌梗死患者入院时心电图对冠状动脉造影所示病变之间的关系及预测价值。方法回顾性分析2013年1月至2014年6月收治的248例前壁 ST 段抬高型心肌梗死（ASTEMI）患者入院心电图及冠状动脉造影资料。按心电图下壁导联 ST 段变化将其分为：急性前壁 ST 段抬高型心肌梗死合并下壁导联ST 段抬高组（ASTEMI + Ie）和急性前壁 ST 段抬高型心肌梗死合并下壁导联 ST 段压低组（ASTEMI + Id）;按冠状动脉造影结果分为：单支血管病变（SLAD）和多支血管病变（MAD）。结果心电图表现为 ASTEMI + Ie 者78例（31.5%）, ASTEMI + Id 者170例（68.5%）。冠状动脉造影有132例（53.2%）。ASTEMI + Ie 与 ASTEMI + Id 组中 SLAD、MAD 比率无显著差异（χ2=0.033,P >0.05）。ASTEMI + Id 患者中,aVL、V6导联出现 ST 段压低累及 MVD 情况均明显多于SLAD（χ2=17.015,χ2=21.147,P <0.01）。累及 LAD 的 MVD 患者中,aVL、V4、V5、V6导联 ST 段压低的比率明显多于SLAD 患者,差异均有统计学意义（ P <0.01）。结论当 ASTEMI 患者入院心电图下壁导联有对应性变化,前侧壁导联ST 段压低,则提示可能为 MVD 病变。     

急性下壁心肌梗死中心电图与梗死相关动脉间的关系

目的 探讨急性下壁心肌梗死（AMI）时体表心电图对梗死相关动脉（IRA）的判断价值.方法 选择经冠状动脉造影确诊的急性下壁AMI患者98例,观察其心电图表现与冠状动脉造影的关系.结果 98例下壁AMI患者中,右冠状动脉（RCA）病变68例,左回旋支（LCX）病变30例.以RCA病变为主时,心电图表现为Ⅲ导联ST段抬高幅度〉Ⅱ导联ST段抬高幅度、aVL 导联ST段压低和aVR导联ST段抬高;以LCX病变为主时,心电图表现为Ⅲ导联ST段抬高幅度〈Ⅱ导联ST段抬高幅度、aVL 导联ST段抬高和aVR导联ST段压低.结论 临床医师可通过心电图上的ST段移位对急性下壁AMI的患者的IRA作出初步判断.     

常规心电图早期判定急性右心室梗死的探讨

目的 探讨急性右心室梗死早期心电图不同导联ST段改变的诊断意义.方法 连续选择2000～2005年首次因急性下壁心肌梗死住入我院心内科患者,回顾性分析临床诊治资料, 其中91例有冠状动脉造影结果,重点分析心电图不同导联ST段改变与下壁心肌梗死相关动脉的关系以及对急性右心室梗死诊断的意义.结果 下壁心肌梗死相关动脉分别为右冠脉(RCA)病变组73例(80%),左回旋支(LCX)病变组18例(20%).显示ST段抬高V4R≥1 mV阳性发生率、抬高程度Ⅲ＞Ⅱ导联、ST段下移程度aVL>Ⅰ导联,RCA组明显多于LCX组,差异有统计学意义(P值均为0.001).结论 利用常规心电图检测不同导联的ST段改变有助于识别梗死相关动脉,可以早期判定急性右室梗死.     

ST段变化在急性下壁心肌梗死中的临床探讨

目的：分析ST段变化急性下壁心肌梗死患者的冠脉病变。方法：68例ST段变化急性下壁心肌梗死患者入院后急检肌钙蛋白T、常规18导联心电图，入院后2周内行冠状动脉造影，同时，观察心律失常及心衰的发生率。结果：ST段变化急性下壁心肌梗死伴胸前导联ST段压低患者心衰发生率39．1％（18／46），心律失常发生率69．6％（32／46），多支血管病变占93．4％（43／46）；ST段变化急性下壁心肌梗死伴胸前导联ST段正常患者心衰发生率13．6％（3／22），心律失常发生率36．3％（8／22），多支血管病变占22．7％（5／22）；两组比较差异有统计学意义。结论：ST段变化急性下壁心肌梗死伴胸前导联ST段异常常提示冠状动脉多支病变，预后差。     

常规十二导联诊断急性下壁心肌梗塞的效果观察

目的：以单纯性下壁心肌梗塞为对照,探讨右室心肌梗塞合并急性下壁心肌梗塞的12导联心电图特征.材料与方法：2010年1月至2013年8月间诊治的22例右室心肌梗塞合并急性下壁心肌梗塞患者列入研究组,同期48例单纯下壁心肌梗塞患者列入对照组,回顾性观察两组患者常规12导联心电图特征,并进行比较分析.结果：ST段抬高幅度比较,研究组Ⅲ＞ⅡI的检出率为90.1％,对照组仅4.2％,研究组明显高于对照组,数据经统计学比较具有极显著差异（P＜0.01）,检验特异性为90.1％;ST段在V2导联中压低幅度和aVF导联中抬高幅度的比值比较,研究组≤0.5的患者比例为81.8％,明显高于对照组的比例4.2％,数据经统计学比较具有极显著差异（P＜0.01）,检验特异性为90％.结论：利用常规12导联心电图诊断急性下壁心肌梗塞是否合并有右室心肌梗塞具有较高的特异性和敏感性,当ST段抬高幅度出现Ⅲ＞ Ⅱ时,或ST段在V2导联中压低幅度和aVF导联中抬高幅度的比值≤0.5时,均提示较大可能性的右室心肌梗塞发生.     

急性下壁心肌梗死心电图ST段改变与冠状动脉病变、梗死部位的关系探讨

目的：探讨急性下壁心肌梗死心电图胸前导联ST段改变与冠状动脉病变、梗死部位的关系。方法：42例急性下壁心肌梗死患者入院后均做心电图检查．并于发病后4周内做选择性冠状动脉造影。结果：42例患者中，单支血管病变16例(占38．1％)，多支血管病变26例(占61．9％)，其中伴心电图胸前导联ST段改变者23例(占88．5％)。11例急性下壁合并正后壁心肌梗死者心电图胸前导联ST段压低者8例(占72．7％)。结论：急性下壁心肌梗死伴心电图胸前导联ST段改变者提示多支血管病变，伴心电图胸前导联ST段压低者多提示合并正后壁心肌梗死。     

冠脉造影分析急性下壁心肌梗死前侧壁导联ST段压低

目的　应用冠状动脉造影 ,分析急性下壁心肌梗死患者心电图前壁或侧壁导联上ST段压低的临床义意。方法　 31例患者发病后第 1天标准 12导联心电图记录 ,前壁导联范围为V1 ～V4 ,侧壁导联范围为I、AVL、V5、V6 。患者均进行冠脉造影 ,2 5例 (80 % )自发病后 1个月内接受检查 ,6例于发病后2个月内接受冠脉造影 ,冠脉狭窄≥ 5 0 %被视为异常。结果　冠脉双支或双支以上病变者 ,特别是左旋支存在病变者 ,易发生侧壁导联ST段压低 ,P <0 0 5。前壁导联ST段低压者中 ,也以双支或双支以上病变为多。结论急性下壁心肌梗死时 ,出现前侧壁导联的ST段压低 ,为心肌缺血扩展的标志     

右胸导联心电图在急性右心室心肌梗死诊断中的应用40例分析

目的观察急性右心室心肌梗死时各导联的心电图特点。方法对40例急性心肌梗死患者行全胸导联心电图检查(包括右胸导联V7~V9)。结果除急性下壁、下后壁心肌梗死心电图表现外,其中V1导联ST段抬高≥0.1 mV;22例I、aVL、V5、V6导联q波消失;40例V3R~V6R ST段抬高≥0.1 mV。结论全胸导联心电图检查是诊断急性右心室心肌梗死的简便敏感性及特异性较高的方法。     

The utility of the standard 12-lead electrocardiogram in the prediction of proximal right coronary artery occlusion in acute inferior myocardial infarction

Prior studies have proposed several electrocardiogram criteria for identifying patients with acute inferior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (iSTEMI) caused by obstruction of the proximal part of the right coronary artery (RCA). We applied 11 of these criteria and three new ones to the admission electrocardiograms of 80 patients admitted with an acute iSTEMI in order to evaluate their utility. All patients received thrombolytic treatment and underwent coronary angiography during the hospitalization. Four previously described criteria (ST-segment depression in lead V1, ST-segment depression in leads V1-V3, maximum ST-segment depression in the precordial leads, and ST-segment depression in lead V3 of 1) were useful in identifying patients with obstruction of the proximal part of the RCA. Among the six criteria, ST depression in V1-V3 had the highest specificity (77.2%) and positive predictive value (56.5%), and a new criterion-the arithmetic sum of the ST-elevation in V3/ST-elevation in III < 0.5--had the highest sensitivity (80.9%) and negative predictive value (86.7%). Six criteria were helpful in identifying patients with acute iSTEMI caused by obstruction of the proximal part of the RCA. One of these has not been previously reported and has the higher specificity and negative predictive value.     

急性下壁心肌梗死患者的临床特点分析

目的 分析研究急性下壁心肌梗死患者的临床特点. 方法 将急性下壁心肌梗死患者100例根据冠状动脉造影结果分为两组:76例为右冠状动脉(RCA)闭塞(A组),24例为左回旋支冠状动脉(LCX)闭塞(B组). 结果 心电图ST段抬高STⅢ>STⅡ及ST段压低STAVL>ST I A组显著高于B组(均P<0.05);ST段抬高STⅢ0.1 mV A组显著高于B组(P<0.05);胸前导联V1～6ST段压低患者中,合并左前降支冠状动脉(LAD)病变的患者显著高于胸前导联V1～6ST段无压低者(P<0.05);左心室射血分数(LVEF)A组[(51±14)%]显著低于B组[(57±10)%](P<0.05);合并右心室心肌梗死A组显著高于B组(P<0.05);急性下壁心肌梗死患者总的住院病死率6%,均为A组,但心源性休克、心力衰竭、Ⅱ、Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞,室性心动过速/心室颤动及住院病死率,两组差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);死亡者中心源性休克占83.3%. 结论 心电图Ⅲ、Ⅱ、I、AVL、及V4R导联ST段变化能预测急性下壁心肌梗死相关血管,急性下壁心肌梗死患者伴胸前导联ST段压低提示LAD病变,RCA闭塞所致下壁心肌梗死LVEF低于LCX闭塞者,心源性休克为死亡主要原因.     

Discriminating between right coronary artery and circumflex artery occlusion by using a noninvasive 18-lead electrocardiogram.

BACKGROUND: Differentiating occlusion of the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery (also called the circumflex artery) from occlusion of the right coronary artery is often difficult because either may be associated with a pattern of acute inferior myocardial infarction on the electrocardiogram. OBJECTIVES: To determine if an inexpensive 18-lead electrocardiogram can provide useful information in differentiating sites of coronary occlusion. METHODS: Continuous 18-lead electrocardiograms, including standard 12-lead, right ventricular, and posterior leads, were recorded in 38 and 50 subjects undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions in the right coronary artery and the circumflex artery, respectively. RESULTS: ST-segment elevation in the posterior leads was twice as frequent during occlusion of the circumflex artery as during right coronary occlusion (P < .001). ST-segment elevation in the right ventricular leads and inferior leads occurred more often during occlusion of the right coronary artery than during occlusion of the circumflex artery. ST-segment depression in lead aVL is highly suggestive of right coronary occlusion, whereas ST-segment elevation in posterior leads without depression of the ST segment in lead aVL is highly sensitive and specific for occlusion of the circumflex artery. CONCLUSIONS: ST-segment changes in the 18-lead electrocardiogram can be used to differentiate between occlusions of the circumflex artery and occlusions of the right coronary artery. Knowing which vessel is occluded before percutaneous coronary intervention can help in planning the procedure and recognizing when patients are at high risk for disturbances in conduction at the atrioventricular node.     

急性下壁心肌梗死心电图的改变与相关冠脉病变的关系

[目的]探讨急性下壁心肌梗死时心电图ST段改变对判断心肌梗死相关冠状动脉病变的关系.[方法]对50例急性下壁心肌梗死ST段改变与冠状动脉造影结果对比分析.[结果]①血管闭塞发生在右冠状动脉占70.0%,回旋支占30.0% ②ST段抬高Ⅲ/Ⅱ〉1,提示右冠状动脉阻塞的敏感性91.4%,特异性86.7% Ⅲ/Ⅱ≤1提示回旋支闭塞的敏感性86.7%,特异性91.4% ③Ⅰ、aVL导联ST段压低预测右冠脉阻塞敏感性71.4%,特异性80.0%,Ⅰ、aVL导联ST段抬高预测回旋支阻塞敏感性80.0%,特异性71.4%.[结论]下壁心肌梗死时心电图对梗死相关动脉有重要的预测价值.     

Identification of the culprit artery involved in inferior wall acute myocardial infarction using electrocardiographic criteria

We tested whether particular electrocardiogram (ECG) changes can identify the right coronary (RCA) or left circumflex (LCX) artery as the responsible vessel in inferior wall acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in 73 patients. A standard 12-lead ECG was performed within 6 h of onset of chest pain. Coronary angiography was performed between 1 week and 6 weeks after the infarction. RCA and LCX lesions were detected in 53 and 20 patients, respectively. The most useful ECG parameters for implicating the RCA were a higher ST elevation in lead III than lead II (specificity 94%, sensitivity 86%) and an S/R wave ratio > 0.33 plus ST segment depression > 1 mm in lead aVL (specificity 94%, sensitivity 92%). Absence of these criteria was associated with LCX occlusion (specificity 100%, sensitivity 87%). These results indicate that composite ECG criteria are useful in predicting the artery involved in inferior wall AMI.     

Chest pain showing precordial ST-segment elevation in a 96-year-old woman with right coronary artery occlusion: A case report

BACKGROUNDTypically, right coronary artery (RCA) occlusion causes ST-segment elevation in inferior leads. However, it is rarely observed that RCA occlusion causes ST-segment elevation only in precordial leads. In general, an electrocardiogram is considered to be the most important method for determining the infarct-related artery, and recognizing this is helpful for timely discrimination of the culprit artery for reperfusion therapy. In this case, an elderly woman presented with chest pain showing dynamic changes in precordial ST-segment elevation with RCA occlusion.CASE SUMMARYA 96-year-old woman presented with acute chest pain showing precordial ST-segment elevation with dynamic changes. Myocardial injury markers became positive. Coronary angiography indicated acute total occlusion of the proximal nondominant RCA, mild atherosclerosis of left anterior descending artery and 75% stenosis in the left circumflex coronary artery. Percutaneous coronary intervention was conducted for the RCA. Repeated manual thrombus aspiration was performed, and fresh thrombus was aspirated. A 2 mm × 15 mm balloon was used to dilate the RCA with an acceptable angiographic result. The patient’s chest pain was relieved immediately. A postprocedural electrocardiogram showed alleviation of precordial ST-segment elevation. The diagnosis of acute isolated right ventricular infarction caused by proximal nondominant RCA occlusion was confirmed. Echocardiography indicated normal motion of the left ventricular anterior wall and interventricular septum (ejection fraction of 54%), and the right ventricle was slightly dilated. The patient was asymptomatic during the 9-mo follow-up period.CONCLUSIONCardiologists should be conscious that precordial ST-segment elevation may be caused by occlusion of the nondominant RCA.     

ST elevation measurements differ in patients with inferior myocardial infarction and right ventricular infarction

Purpose

Few studies specify the methods used to measure ST-segment elevation (STE). We therefore assessed differences in electrocardiography results depending on STE measurement methods for patients with inferior acute myocardial infarction (MI) and right ventricular infarction.

Methods

This study was a retrospective analysis. The STE group consisted of 88 patients consecutively admitted to the emergency department with inferior ST elevation MI associated with occlusion of right coronary artery or left circumflex coronary artery who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention. The control group consisted of 109 patients with non-ST elevation MI who had occlusion of right coronary artery or left circumflex coronary artery and underwent percutaneous coronary intervention. Measurements were performed at the J point and 60 milliseconds later for limb lead and right precordial V₄ lead (V4R). The criterion of at least 1-mm STE in 2 consecutive leads was applied, and the diagnostic accuracy of V4R was calculated.

Results

In the STE group, the measurements 60 milliseconds after the J point were significantly higher than measurements at the J point at the II, III, aVF, and V4R leads. In the control group, only the measurements at lead I differed significantly. There was a 5% difference in diagnostic sensitivity depending on the measuring points in the STE group, a 1% to 3% difference in the control group, and a 10% to 11% difference at the V4R lead.

Conclusion

In patients with inferior MI, STE depends on the method of measurement, indicating a need for the standardization of measurements.     

Predictive value of electrocardiogram in diagnosing acute coronary artery lesions among patients with out-of-hospital-cardiac-arrest

Aims

Acute coronary lesions are known to be the most common trigger of out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Aim of the present study was to assess the predictive value of ST-segment changes in diagnosing the presence of acute coronary lesions among OHCA patients

Methods

Findings of coronary angiography (CA) performed in patients resuscitated from OCHA were retrospectively reviewed and related to ST-segment changes on post-ROSC electrocardiogram (ECG)

Results

Ninety-one patients underwent CA after OHCA; 44% of patients had ST-segment elevation and 56% of patients had other ECG patterns on post-ROSC ECG. Significant coronary artery disease (CAD) was found in 86% of patients; CAD was observed in 98% of patients with ST-segment elevation and in 77% of patients with other ECG patterns on post-ROSC ECG (p = 0.004). Acute or presumed recent coronary artery lesions were diagnosed in 56% of patients, respectively in 85% of patients with ST-segment elevation and in 33% of patients with other ECG patterns (p < 0.001). ST-segment analysis on post-ROSC ECG has a good positive predictive value but a low negative predictive value in diagnosing the presence of acute or presumed recent coronary artery lesions (85% and 67%, respectively)

Conclusions

Electrocardiographic findings after OHCA should not be considered as strict selection criteria for performing emergent CA in patients resuscitated from OHCA without obvious extra-cardiac cause; even in the absence of ST-segment elevation on post-ROSC ECG, acute culprit coronary lesions may be present and considered the trigger of cardiac arrest     

Initial experience with the Endicor X-sizer thrombectomy device in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction

Summary We investigated 16 patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction who had an occluded coronary artery (TIMI 0) at initial angiogram. Instead of balloon angioplasty and stenting, patients were subjected to thrombectomy (Endicor X-sizer) and stenting. In 15/16 patients the occlusion could be crossed by the thrombectomy device resulting in TIMI flow 3 in all of them. Thereafter, stenting was performed. At final angiogram all 15 patients continued to show TIMI flow grade 3. Twelve-lead ECG was performed prior to and post-intervention. ST elevation was measured as the sum of eight leads for anterior infarction and of five leads for inferior infarction. In 13/15 patients, ECG analysis was possible (2 developed bundle branch block post-intervention). In all 13 patients, a >50% ST decrease of the initial amount of ST elevation was observed reaching a >70% reduction in 11 patients. Procedural complications were low (one coronary dissection after thrombectomy) and 30 days follow-up was uneventful. Thrombectomy using the Endicor X-Sizer device may become an attractive mechanical reperfusion strategy for patients with acute myocardial infarction. Received: 29 September 2001 Accepted: 5 December 2001     

前壁心肌梗塞并下壁或侧壁心电图ST段压低患者的冠状动脉造影分析

目的：分析急性前壁心肌梗塞患者心电图出现侧壁或下壁ＳＴ段压低的意义。方法：对４９例首次发病的急性前壁心肌梗塞患者的心电图与冠状动脉（冠脉）造影结果对比分析。结果：合并侧壁和下壁ＳＴ段压低者，特别是侧壁导联ＳＴ段压低者，其冠脉前降支近端多存在显著狭窄，Ｐ值分别＜０．０５和＜０．０１；在下壁或（和）侧壁导联ＳＴ段压低者中，冠脉往往有多支存在病变。结论：前壁心肌梗塞患者的心电图出现侧壁和下壁ＳＴ段压低预示心肌缺血范围的扩展