1996～2000年全国孕产妇死亡率变化趋势分析

目的 了解我国孕产妇死亡率变化趋势、主要死亡原因和变化特征。方法 在全国116个监测点,采用以人群为基础的流行病学调查方法,调查1996-2000年全国孕产妇死亡率、农村与城市孕产妇死亡率差别及主要死亡原因。结果 (1)1996-2000年全国孕产妇死亡率由63．9／10万下降到53.0／10万,下降幅度为17．1％;农村孕产妇死亡率由86．4／10万下降到67．2／10万,下降幅度为22.2％;城市孕产妇死亡率由29.2／10万下降到28．9／10万,下降幅度为1．0％。(2)全国孕产妇主要死亡原因的前3位分别为产科出血、妊娠高血压综合征和羊水栓塞,农村和城市的孕产妇主要死亡原因略有差异。(3)1996-2000年全国和农村的产科出血死亡率分别下降33．8％和34．9％。结论 1996-2000年全国和农村的孕产妇死亡率呈下降趋势,城市孕产妇死亡率出现波动。全国和农村的产科出血死亡率呈下降趋势。     

降低孕产妇及围生儿死亡率干预途径的研究

1　降低孕产妇及围生儿死亡率 (简称降两率 )的重要性孕产妇及围生儿死亡率的高低 ,可以反映一个国家的医疗卫生工作水平和社会经济文化水平。高死亡率表明生存问题尚未解决 ,因此不再是一个学科的局部问题。加之 ,孕产妇都是青中年妇女 ,其死亡对家庭和社会的影响都是巨大的。围生儿死亡率直接影响着一个国家的期望寿命 ,期望寿命的高低象征着一个国家的发达程度。高孕产妇及围生儿死亡率与我国这样一个经济上正在迅速发展的国家极不相称 ,因此降两率是我国急需解决的重要问题。2　国内外孕产妇和围生儿死亡率现状全世界从 2 0世纪 80年代…     

广东省中山市10年107例孕产妇死亡分析

目的了解本地区孕产妇的死亡原因及变化趋势,为制定相关干预措施提供依据。方法对2001年10月至2011年9月107例广东省中山市死亡孕产妇进行分析总结。结果中山市10年孕产妇死亡率整体呈下降趋势;常住人口死亡率低于流动人口;其中前后5年对比死亡顺位发生较大改变,产科出血由第1位(构成比35.82%)降至第3位(20.00%),妊娠高血压疾病由第2位(25.37%)降至第5位(2.50%),栓塞类疾病由第4位(13.42%)升至第2位(22.50%);内科疾病(包括妊娠合并内科疾病)由第3位(16.40%)升至第1位(45.00%),产后出血、妊娠高血压疾病病死率呈下降趋势,羊水栓塞病死率下降无统计学意义。结论 10年来中山市孕产妇死亡直接产科原因下降,间接产科原因上升,产科质量得到较大的提高,但栓塞类排名有提前,需加强羊水栓塞及肺栓塞的预防诊疗措施,提高孕产妇综合救治能力,加强多学科合作,降低孕产妇死亡率。     

2011年至2020年天津市孕产妇死亡率变化趋势及死亡原因分析

目的:总结天津市2011年至2020年孕产妇死亡率（maternal mortality ratio,MMR）的变化趋势和孕产妇死亡原因,以指导孕产妇的保健管理。方法:回顾性收集2011年至2020年天津市全部孕产妇死亡病例（89例）及评审资料,分析MMR的变化趋势、死亡原因顺位及死亡评审结果。采用 χ2检...     

2011—2015年重庆市孕产妇死亡原因分析北大核心CSCD

目的探讨2011—2015年重庆市孕产妇的死亡原因,为全面二胎政策下采取有效的降低孕产妇死亡干预措施提供理论依据。方法利用重庆市2011—2015年死亡孕产妇病历资料和市级孕产妇死亡评审结果,回顾性分析孕产妇死亡原因。结果 2011—2015年重庆市孕产妇死亡237例,死亡率从2011年21.61/105下降至2015年的15.30/105,孕产妇死亡原因前3位分别是产科出血、妊娠合并心脏病和妊娠期高血压疾病,影响可避免死亡的主要因素为医疗保健机构和个人家庭的知识技能不足。结论重庆市孕产妇死亡率已低于全国平均水平,但也面临着新的挑战,进一步控制和降低孕产妇死亡率需在加强高危预警和分级管理、提高基层人员技术水平、重视多学科合作和加大健康教育宣传力度等方面实施综合措施。     

博乐市2000～2010年孕产妇死亡分析

为降低我市孕产妇死亡率,2000年我市实施＂两纲＂即《博乐市妇女发展纲要》和《博乐市儿童发展纲要》,目标包括降低孕产妇死亡率要求降至80/10万、孕产妇保健覆盖率城市90%,农村60%;住院分娩率达65%,高危孕产妇住院分娩率达90%以上等在内的22项国家及省级指标,为按期完成指标,不断提高妇女生殖保健水平、围产保健工作质量,     

北京市2001-2010年孕产妇产后出血死亡相关因素分析

目的了解北京市2001-2010年孕产妇产后出血死亡情况,并探讨其影响因素。方法回顾性分析北京市2001年1月-2010年12月40例孕产妇产后出血死亡病例、评审结果及WHO十二格表资料。结果①2001-2010年北京市孕产妇产后出血死亡率由2003年的10.5/10万下降至2010年的0.6/10万,其中外来人口产后出血死亡率由2003年的22.7/10万下降至2010年的1.2/10万。②63.6%(21/33)的外来人口孕产妇在私人诊所或家中分娩;其中54.5%(18/33)无产前检查;死亡距分娩时间主要在产后12h内(69.7%,23/33);转诊延误(81.8%,27/33)明显。③7例北京户籍孕产妇中,6例在二、三级医院分娩;剖宫产、阴道分娩者各3例;5例产前检查6次以上;2例死亡距分娩时间在产后12h内,3例在产后1～42d内。发生多器官功能衰竭(MODS)5例。④产后出血原因中,子宫收缩乏力及软产道损伤为主要因素(75.0%,30/40);产后出血发生时间集中在产后2h内,占97.5%(37/40),并集中在夜班、周末及节假日(80.0%,32/40);市级评审可避免死亡和创造条件可避免死亡者占85.0%(34/40)。⑤北京户籍孕产妇死亡与医疗保健知识技能(6例)、态度(2例)、资源(3例)及管理(6例)因素有关;外来人口孕产妇死亡主要与个人家庭知识技能(42.4%,14/33)、态度(66.7%,22/33)、资源(36.4%,12/33)、医疗保健知识技能(45.5%,15/33)及社会管理(54.5%,18/33)有关。结论产后出血的主要原因是子宫收缩乏力和软产道损伤。其发生时间集中在产后2h内,死亡时间集中在产后12h内。北京户籍孕产妇产后出血死亡主要与医疗保健知识技能、态度、资源及管理有关;外来人口孕产妇产后出血死亡主要与个人家庭知识技能、态度、资源及社会管理有关。     

我国孕产妇死因构成的变迁

中国在降低孕产妇死亡率(maternal mortality ratio,MMR)方面所做出的努力得到了世界的认可.在促进有效降低MMR的措施中,孕产妇死亡评审是明确死因(包括直接产科死因和间接产科死因)并分析影响因素和存在问题,提出干预措施的重要方法.面对我国逐年降低的MMR,是很受鼓舞的;但在面对孕产妇死因构成时,...     

孕产妇死亡率及死亡构成的变化趋势

1孕产妇死亡现状 孕产妇死亡率、儿童死亡率和人均期望寿命是国际社会评价国家和地区发展的重要指标.据估计,2005年全球有53.6万例孕产妇死亡,其中绝大部分发生在发展中国家,而大部分死亡是可以避免的.     

中国孕产妇死亡率极大程度降低——对世界的最大贡献

        孕产妇死亡（maternal mortality,MM）,2018年最新颁布的国际疾病分类第11 版（ICD-11）沿用了之前ICD-10的定义,是指处在妊娠期或妊娠终止后42 d 内死亡的妇女（但不包括由于意外或偶然原因导致的死亡）。全球每年孕产妇死亡约30万,大多发生于经济发展较为落后国家,是社会经济状况及妇幼保健工作极为敏感的指标,早已认为是保护妇女“人权”的指标之一［1-2］。新中国成立之初孕产妇死亡率为1500/10万,2018年全国孕产妇死亡率降至18.3/10万,优于中高收入国家平均水平,我国在围产医学领域中取得了巨大成就,也是中国政府保护妇女“人权”的具体体现［3］。虽然在降低孕产妇死亡率方面,我们取得了举世瞩目的成就,但从2014年全国孕产妇死亡率已经下降到21.7/10万来看［1］,近年来我们的孕产妇死亡率的下降已然进入一个瓶颈期,如何进一步持续降低中国孕产妇死亡率,是我们每一位围产工作者面临的前所未有的挑战。     

A study of maternal mortality in 8 principal hospitals in Pakistan in 2009

Objectives

To determine maternal mortality to assess the achievement of Millennium Development Goal 5 in Pakistan and suggest remedial measures.

Methods

Throughout 2009, maternal deaths occurring in obstetrics and gynecology departments in 8 hospitals in Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan, were recorded. A data form was filled in by the duty registrar at the time of death. Data were analyzed via SPSS.

Results

During the study period, there were 47 209 live births and 108 maternal deaths (age 17-45 years). Among those who died, 30% were primigravidas, 50% had a parity of 1-4, and 20% had a parity of 5 or more; 20.4% had not delivered, 40.7% had vaginal delivery, and 36.1% had cesarean delivery; 67.6% were unbooked and 32.4% were booked (14 under care of a consultant and 21 under care of a medical officer); 73%, 22%, and 5% died in the first, second, and third trimesters, respectively; 17.5% died prenatally, 4.6% during labor, and 78% postpartum; 73% were in a critical condition and 8% were dead on arrival. Eclampsia, postpartum hemorrhage, and sepsis caused 23, 13, and 13 deaths, respectively.

Conclusion

Maternal death can be effectively managed by skilled care during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postnatal period.     

Epidemiology of maternal morbidity and mortality

Maternal morbidity and mortality remains a significant health care concern in the United States, as the rates continue to rise despite efforts to improve maternal health. In 2013, the United States ranked 60th in maternal mortality worldwide. We review the definitions, rates, trends, and top causes of severe maternal morbidity and mortality, as well as risk factors for adverse maternal outcomes. We describe current local and national initiatives in place to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality and offer suggestions for future research.     

Insights into maternal mortality in Madang Province,Papua New Guinea

Objective

To assess the frequency, causes, and reporting of maternal deaths at a provincial referral hospital in coastal Papua New Guinea (PNG), and to describe delays in care.

Methods

In a structured retrospective review of maternal deaths at Modilon General Hospital, Madang, PNG, registers and case notes for the period January 2008 to July 2012 were analyzed to determine causes, characteristics, and management of maternal death cases. Public databases were assessed for underreporting.

Results

During the review period, there were 64 maternal deaths (institutional maternal mortality ratio, 588 deaths per 100 000 live births). Fifty-two cases were analyzed in detail: 71.2% (n = 37) were direct maternal deaths, and hemorrhage (n = 24, 46.2%) and infection (n = 16, 30.8%) were the leading causes of mortality overall. Women frequently did not attend prenatal clinics (n = 34, 65.4%), resided in rural areas (n = 45, 86.5%), and experienced delays in care (n = 45, 86.5%). Maternal deaths were underreported in public databases.

Conclusion

The burden of maternal mortality was found to be high at a provincial hospital in PNG. Most women died of direct causes and experienced delays in care. Strategies to complement current hospital and national policy to reduce maternal mortality and to improve reporting of deaths are needed.     

Declining maternal mortality ratio in Uganda: priority interventions to achieve the Millennium Development Goal.

PURPOSE: We conducted a survey to determine availability of emergency obstetric care (EmOC) and to provide data for advocating for improved maternal and newborn health in Uganda. METHODS: The survey, covering 54 districts and 553 health facilities, assessed availability of EmOC signal functions, documented maternal deaths and the related causes. Three levels of health facilities were covered. FINDINGS: Few health units had running water; electricity or a functional operating theater. Yet having these items had a protective effect on maternal deaths as follows: theater (OR 0.56, P<0.0001); electricity (OR 0.39, P<0.0001); laboratory (OR 0.71, P<0.0001) and staffing levels (midwives) OR 0.20, P<0.0001. The availability of midwives had the highest protective effect on maternal deaths, reducing the case fatality rate by 80%. Further, most (97.2%) health facilities expected to offer basic EmOC, were not doing so. This is the likely explanation for the high health facility-based maternal death rate of 671/100,000 live births in Uganda. CONCLUSION: Addressing health system issues, especially human resources, and increasingaccess to EmOC could reduce maternal mortality in Uganda and enable the country to achieve the Millennium Development Goal (MDG).     

Maternal mortality and severe maternal morbidity from acute fatty liver of pregnancy in the Netherlands

Objective

To assess maternal death and severe maternal morbidity from acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP) in the Netherlands.

Study design

A retrospective study of all cases of maternal mortality in the Netherlands between 1983 and 2006 and all cases of severe maternal morbidity in the Netherlands between 2004 and 2006, in which all 98 maternity units in the Netherlands participated. Maternal mortality ratio (MMR) and incidence of severe maternal morbidity were the main outcome measures.

Results

The MMR from direct maternal mortality from AFLP was 0.13 per 100,000 live births (95% CI 0.05-0.29). The incidence of severe maternal morbidity from AFLP was 3.2 per 100,000 deliveries (95% CI 1.8-5.7).

Conclusions

AFLP is a rare condition which still causes severe maternal morbidity and in some cases mortality. Referral to a tertiary care hospital for treatment of this uncommon disease should be considered.     

上海市2000-2009年孕产妇死亡情况分析

目的 通过对上海市孕产妇死亡资料的分析,了解孕产妇系统管理中的问题,为提出有效的干预措施降低孕产妇死亡率提供科学依据.方法 采用回顾性分析的方法,对上海市2000至2009年孕产妇死亡病例资料及评审结果、WHO十二格表分类进行分析.结果 (1)活产数变化:上海市活产总数从2000年的84 898例上升到2009年的187 335例,10年增加了120.7%.其中外地户籍来上海分娩者近10年有大幅度增长,已从2000年的26.5%上升到2009年的54.8%,期间增长了4.6倍.(2)孕产妇死亡率及其构成比:2000至2009年上海市活产数共1 279 010例,其中孕产妇死亡262例,死亡率为20.48/10万(262/1 279 010).上海市户籍者死亡率为8.09/10万(55/680 005);外地户籍者死亡率为34.56/10万(207/599 005).(3)不同广籍死亡率变化趋势:从2000年的21.2/10万降至2009年的9.61/10万.上海市户籍者孕产妇死亡率除2003至2004年外基本稳定在10.00/10万以下;外地户籍者孕产妇死亡率下降明显,2002年高达77.42/10万,而到了2009年已下降到11.69/10万.(4)孕产妇死因构成比及顺位:262例孕产妇死亡前5位的死因顺位依次为产科出血(69例,26.3%)、妊娠期高血压疾病(27例,10.3%)、妊娠合并心脏疾病(24例,9.2%)、妊娠合并肝脏疾病(17例,6.5%)、羊水栓塞和异位妊娠(均为15例,5.7%).(5)2000至2009年前后两个5年孕产妇主要死因变化:上海市户籍者的异位妊娠、妊娠期高血压疾病和妊娠合并心脏疾病的死因变化较大,其中异位妊娠死亡率从第一个5年的1.36/10万下降到第二个5年的0.26/10万;妊娠合并心脏疾病从第一个5年的1.36/10万下降到第二个5年的0.52/10万;妊娠期高血压疾病从第一个5年的0上升到第二个5年的0.78/10万.外地户籍者孕产妇的产科出血、异位妊娠、妊娠期高血压疾病死亡率下降显著,作为首位死因的产科出血从第一个5年的21.85/10万下降到第二个5年的5.47/10万;异位妊娠从第一个5年的4.37/10万下降到第二个5年的0.68/10万;而妊娠期高血压疾病从第一个5年的6.87/10万下降到第二个5年的2.96/10万.(6)直接产科原因与间接产科原因的死亡:262例死亡孕产妇中,直接产科原因导致的死亡141例(53.8%);而间接产科原因导致的死亡121例(46.2%).(7)产科出血死亡率的变化:2000至2009年的10年间,上海市孕产妇产科出血死亡率呈逐年下降趋势,从2000年的10.6/10万下降至2009年的1.7/10万.(8)孕产妇死亡病例的评审结果:262例死亡孕产妇经上海市级专家评审后结果分为3类,Ⅰ类(可避免死亡)41例(15.6%),Ⅱ类(创造条件可以避免死亡)66例(25.2%),Ⅲ类(不可避免死亡)155例(59.2%).55例上海市户籍死亡孕产妇中,Ⅰ类17例(30.9%),Ⅱ类14例(25.5%),Ⅲ类24例(43.6%);207例外地户籍死亡孕产妇中,Ⅰ类24例(11.6%),Ⅱ类52例(25.1%),Ⅲ类131例(63.3%).(9)WHO十二格表分类:从死亡孕产妇的知识技能、态度、资源和管理方面分析上海市户籍和外地户籍孕产妇死亡原因的影响因素显示,上海市户籍死亡者中以医疗保健机构的知识技能问题占主要原因(80.0%);外地户籍死亡者中以个人家庭的知识技能和态度为主要原因,分别为54.1%和40.1%.结论 (1)近10年上海市孕产妇死亡率(尤其是外地户籍孕产妇死亡率)逐年显著下降,结果提示上海市对孕产妇的系统管理措施有效.(2)产科出血虽然跃居10年孕产妇死因的首位,但呈显著下降的趋势;30%～40%的孕产妇死亡可创造条件加以避免.(3)但随着孕产妇死因构成比的变化及服务需求的提高,探索新的服务与管理模式以保障母婴安康更显得十分必要.

Abstract：

Objectives To find problems in the systematic management of maternal health and to provide evidence for developing effective interventions to reduce maternal mortality in Shanghai. Methods Every maternal death from 2000 to 2009 was audited by experts and relevant informations were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Results ( 1 ) Number of live births. The number of live births in Shanghai rised from 84 898 in 2000 to 187 335 in 2009, which increased by 120. 7%. Notably, the number of live births of migrating people increased 4. 6 times. In 2000, it took up 25.5% and in 2009, it rose to 54. 8%. ( 2 )Maternal mortality ratio (MMR) and its composition. The total live births from 2000 to 2009 was 1 279 010,among which there were 262 maternal deaths, with average maternal mortality of 20. 48 per 100 000 live birth (262/1 279 010). For Shanghai residents, the MMR was 8.09 per 100 000 live births (55/680 005 ),while the MMR of migrating people was 34. 56 per 100 000 live births ( 207/599 005 ). ( 3 ) Trends of MMR. The MMR declined from 21.2 per 100 000 live births in 2000 to 9.61 per 100 000 live births in 2009. The MMR of Shanghai residents maintained below 10 per 100 000 live births with exception of year 2003 and 2004. The MMR of migrating people declined sharply. In 2002 it was 77.42 per 100 000 live births, and in 2009 it decreased to 11. 69 per 100 000 live births. (4)The composition of causes of maternal deaths and rank order. The top 5 causes of deaths were obstetric hemorrhage (69 cases, 26. 3% of the total deaths), pregnancy induced hypertension (27 cases, 10. 3% of the total deaths), heart diseases (24 cases,9. 2% of the total deaths), liver diseases ( 17 cases, 6. 5% of the total deaths), amniotic fluid embolism and ectopic pregnancy ( 15 cases respectively, 5.7% of the total deaths). ( 5 ) The changes of causes between the first 5 years and the latter 5 years. The MMR of ectopic pregnancy, heart diseases and pregnancy induced hypertension changed significantly in Shanghai residents. The MMR of ectopic pregnancy decreased from 1.36 per 100 000 live births in the first 5 years to 0. 26 per 100 000 live births in the latter 5 years. The MMR of heart diseases decreased from 1.36 per 100 000 live births to 0. 52 per 100 000 live births. While the MMR of pregnancy induced hypertension increased from 0 to 0. 78 per 100 000 live births. For migrating population, the MMR of obstetric hemorrhage, ectopic pregnancy and pregnancy induced pregnancy deceased significantly. As the primary cause, the MMR of obstetric hemorrhage deceased from 21.85 per 100 000 live births in the first 5 years to 5.47 per 100 000 live births in the second 5 years. The MMR of ectopic pregnancy decreased from 4. 37 per 100 000 live births to 0. 68 per 100 000 live births. And the MMR of pregnancy induced hypertension decreased from 6. 87 per 100 000 live births to 2. 96 per 100 000 live births.(6) Direct obstetric causes and indirect obstetric causes of maternal deaths. Among the 262 deaths,141 cases (53. 8% ) were due to Direct obstetric causes and 121 (46. 2% ) were due to indirect obstetric causes. (7)The trend of MMR of obstetric hemorrhage. The MMR of obstetric hemorrhage declined from 10. 6 per 100 000 live births in 2000 to 1.7 per 100 000 live births in 2009. ( 8 ) The results of maternal death audit. The results of maternal death audit were classified into 3 categories: 41 cases ( 15.6% )belonged to the first category, i. e, avoidable deaths; 66 cases (25.2%) belonged to the second category,i. e, avoidable when creating some conditions; and 155 cases (59. 2% ) belonged to the third category,which means not avoidable. Among 55 deaths of Shanghai residents, 17 cases (30. 9% ) belonged to the first category, 14 cases (25.5%) belonged to the second, and 24 cases (43.6%) belonged to the third category. Among 207 deaths of migrating population, 24 cases (11.6%) belonged to the first category,52 cases (25. 1% ) belonged to the second, and 131 cases (63.3%) belonged to the third category. (9)WHO twelve-grid classification of maternal deaths. The factors, including attitude, knowledge and skills, resources and management of the dead people and their families, the medical institutes and social supportive departments were integrated and analyzed. It showed that the main reason of maternal deaths of Shanghai residents was poor knowledge and skills of medical staffs, accounting for 80. 0% of the deaths. While the main reasons of maternal deaths of migrating people were poor knowledge and skills, inappropriate attitude of the dead people and their families, which took up 54. 1% and 40. 1% respectively. Conclusions The MMR in Shanghai declined continuously from 2000 to 2009, especially for migrating population which reflected the interventions of maternal management in Shanghai were effective. Though obstetric hemorrhage was the first top cause of maternal death during past 10 years, it declined Sharply. 30% to 40% maternal deaths were avoidable if some conditions were created. However, in order to adapt the changes of main causes of maternal deaths and accomplish increasing service requirements, it is necessary to develop new service and management mode.     

Factors associated with maternal near-miss morbidity and mortality in Kowloon Hospital,Suzhou, China

Objective

To investigate factors associated with acute maternal morbidity and mortality in Kowloon Hospital, Suzhou, China.

Methods

Data from cases of near-miss and maternal death between January 2008 and December 2012 were reviewed retrospectively. Maternal characteristics and related factors were identified, and multiple regression analysis was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

During the study period, there were 18 104 deliveries, 69 near-miss cases, and 3 maternal deaths. Women who had no health insurance (aOR, 4.55; 95% CI, 0.87–21.8), had fewer than 6 prenatal consultations (aOR, 6.76; 95% CI, 0.76–45.8), were part of a migrant population (aOR, 2.34; 95% CI, 0.45–24.9), or delayed seeking healthcare (aOR, 4.76; 95% CI, 0.89–13.6) had a greater risk of near-miss morbidity or death. Admission to intensive care (aOR, 6.75; 95% CI, 0.89–34.6) and blood transfusion within 30 min (aOR, 3.79; 95% CI, 0.65–8.67) were protective factors in disease progression.

Conclusion

The factors associated with maternal near-miss morbidity and mortality were closely related to health insurance and socioeconomic status, suggesting that the government should take an active role in the community in preventing morbidity and mortality in pregnancy.     

Acknowledging HIV and malaria as major causes of maternal mortality in Mozambique

Objective

To review national data on HIV and malaria as causes of maternal death and to determine the importance of looking at maternal mortality at a subnational level in Mozambique.

Methods

Three national data surveys were used to document HIV and malaria as causes of maternal mortality and to assess HIV and malaria prevention services for pregnant women. Data were collected between 2007 and 2011, and included population-level verbal autopsy data and household survey data.

Results

Verbal autopsy data indicated that 18.2% of maternal deaths were due to HIV and 23.1% were due to malaria. Only 19.6% of recently pregnant women received at least two doses of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for intermittent preventive treatment, and only 42.3% of pregnant women were sleeping under an insecticide-treated net. Only 37.5% of recently pregnant women had been counseled, tested, and received an HIV test result. Coverage of prevention services varied substantially by province.

Conclusion

Triangulation of information on cause of death and coverage of interventions can enable appropriate targeting of maternal health interventions. Such information could also help countries in Sub-Saharan Africa to recognize and take action against malaria and HIV in an effort to decrease maternal mortality.