不同复治涂阳肺结核患者全程间歇短程化疗效果评价

目的：评价标准复治涂阳短程化疗方案对复发、初治失败及其它复治3组不同复治涂阳肺结核患者的治疗效果,为进一步提高复治肺结核患者的疗效提供依据。方法：先取复治涂阳肺结核患者303例,分为复发（87例）、初治失败（21例）及其它复治（195例）3组。所有入选病例在治疗前均做痰结核分支杆菌培养及药敏试验。对3组复治涂阳肺结核患者均采用同一复治涂阳短程化疗方案,即2－3H3R3Z3E3S3／5－6H3R3E3进行治疗,观察3组复治患者的耐药情况及治疗效果。结果：3组复治涂阳肺结核患者在耐药水平及疗效上均无显著性差异（P＞0．05）。其它复治患者中,既往累计治疗时间超过12个月者的耐药率（79．5％）明显高于既往累计治疗时间少于12个月者（59．8％）（0．01＜P＜0．05）,治疗成功率前者（69．4％）明显低于后者（90．4％）（P＜0．001）。敏感病例的治疗成功率（93．3％）明显高于耐药病例（75．3％）（P＜0．001）。结论：进一步提高复治涂阳肺结核患者疗效的关键是提高复治患者中耐药患者的疗效。     

微卡合并抗结核药物治疗复治涂阳肺结核的疗效观察

目的观察和评价微卡(母牛分枝杆菌)在复治涂阳肺结核免疫治疗中的疗效。方法将64例复治涂阳肺结核患者分为微卡加化疗治疗组与单纯化疗对照组各32例,两组均采用2S3H3R3Z3E3/6 H3R3E3化疗方案。观察治疗结束后肺部病灶吸收、痰菌阴转、不良反应。结果治疗组32例取得痰菌阴转率和病灶吸收率分别为90.62%、81.25%明显高于对照组32例的71.87%、62.5%。结论微卡可提高复治涂阳肺结核患者痰菌阴转率,有助于病灶吸收。     

卡介菌多糖核酸辅助治疗复治涂阳肺结核60例

目的观察卡介菌多糖核酸辅助治疗复治涂阳肺结核患者疗效。方法随机将2003—2005年吉林省前郭县结核病防治所60例复治涂阳肺结核患者分为治疗组和对照组,每组30例,两组使用相同的化疗方案即2S3H3R3E3Z3/6H3R3E3,治疗组在化疗基础上,加用卡介菌多糖核酸,对照组,单用化疗药物。结果治疗组,满2月痰菌阴转率93.3%,治愈率86.6%。对照组满2月痰菌阴转率83.3%。治愈率66.6%,经统计学处理(P<0.05)差异显著。结论卡介菌多糖核酸辅助治疗复治涂阳肺结核患者,是较好的免疫增强剂。     

3AHPZVTh/9PaVTh治疗初治失败肺结核近期疗效分析

目的探讨扬州市初治失败肺结核的耐药情况,寻求治疗初治失败肺结核的合理有效的方法。方法 60例初治失败肺结核患者随机分为两组,治疗组采用3AHPZVTh/9PaVTh方案治疗,对照组采用标准复治涂阳2H3R3Z3E3/4H3R3方案治疗,并对所有60例患者作结核菌药物敏感试验。结果扬州市初治失败肺结核耐药率81.7%,耐多药率23.3%,两组方案满疗程后痰菌阴转率分别为86.2%、63.3%,有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。胸部影像学病灶吸收好转率分别为93.1%、80.0%,治疗组也优于对照组。结论 3AHPZVTh/9PaVTh方案治疗初治失败肺结核,疗效肯定,有推广价值。     

122例复发肺结核病例化疗分析

目的 分析１２２例痰培养阳性复发肺结核的耐药及化疗效果。方法 １９９５～１９９７年登记的复发肺结核病例痰培养阳性并作药物敏感第三试验，治疗方案为ＨＲＥＺ／ＨＲＥ．疗程中至少进行三次痰结核菌检查。结果 敏感组９１例，耐药组３１例，敏感组成完疗程时痰菌阴转率为８５．７％，耐药组痰菌阴转率为６７．７％。结论 复发肺现例发发生耐药，尤其是多耐药，治疗效果较对结核药物敏感者为差。积极治疗初治传染源，减少耐药     

胸腺五肽辅助治疗复治涂阳肺结核34例

目的观察胸腺五肽辅助治疗复治涂阳肺结核的临床疗效。方法将69例复治涂阳肺结核患者随机分为观察组34例与对照组35例,对照组采用常规2HRZES/6H3R3E3化疗方案进行治疗,观察组在强化期肌注胸腺五肽,对比两组疗效。结果观察组与对照组痰查抗酸杆菌阴转率1月末为50%、40%,强化期结束为100%、74%;化疗1个月观察组与对照组肺部病灶明显吸收9例、5例,强化期结束观察组与对照组肺部病灶明显吸收11例、6例。两组比较差异均有显著性。结论胸腺五肽辅助治疗复治涂阳肺结核可明显缩短痰菌阴转时间,加速肺部病灶吸收。     

378例涂阳肺结核临床疗效分析

目的了解结核病短程化疗全程间歇疗法临床疗效,分析治疗失败原因并寻求解决办法。方法初治涂阳肺结核化疗方案2H3R323E3／4H3R3;复治涂阳肺结核化疗方案：2s3H3R323E3／6H3R3E3。使用板式抗结核组合药,门诊医师指导下不住院家庭督导化疗。结果治疗涂阳肺结核378例,平均治愈率83．6％,初治涂阳治愈率87．3％,治疗成功率87．62％,复治涂阳治愈率67．61％。结论初治涂阳治愈率达到国家结核病控制项目要求（≥85％）,治疗失败以肺结核空洞者为主（75％）,对初治涂阳无空洞病例宜选择2H3R323E3／4H3R3方案,初治涂阳空洞病例宜选择2s（E）HRZ／4HR或2s（E）HRZ/4HRE方案。     

107例耐药结核病人的菌型和临床分析

目的探讨初、复治肺结核病人中的耐药菌种。方法对我院2007年1月~2009年12月项目纳入的痰涂片抗酸杆菌阳性的初、复治肺结核病人的菌株培养、菌型鉴定和耐药监测进行回顾性分析。结果共监测初治涂阳421例,复治涂阳92例,非结核分枝杆菌15例。耐异烟肼（H）21例,耐链霉素（S）22例,耐利福平（R）5例,耐HS 15例,耐HR 6例,耐HSR 12例,耐HRE 6例,耐HSRE 20例,未发现耐乙胺丁醇（E）病例。结论对初、复治涂阳肺结核病人,在开始治疗的同时应送痰结核菌培养、菌型鉴定和药敏试验,以免延误诊断和治疗。     

122例复发肺结核病例化疗分析

目的 分析122 例痰培养阳性复发肺结核的耐药及化疗效果?方法 1995～1997 年登记的复发肺结核病例痰培养阳性并作药物敏感试验,治疗方案为HREZ/HRE?疗程中至少进行三次痰结核菌检查?结果 敏感组91 例,耐药组31 例,敏感组完成疗程时痰菌阴转率为85-7 % ,耐药组痰菌阴转率为67-7 % ?结论 复发肺结核病例如发生耐药,尤其是多耐药,治疗效果较对结核药物敏感者为差?积极治疗初治传染源,减少耐药病例的发生,对控制结核病具有重要意义?     

复治涂阳肺结核患者化疗后2个月末痰涂片阴转与未阴转情况分析

目的 分析2011-2012年复治涂阳肺结核患者强化期2个月末痰涂片检查的阴转情况,探讨当前影响复治涂阳肺结核阴转的相关因素及对转归的影响。 方法 对广州市胸科医院第二门诊辖区内登记的复治涂阳肺结核患者131例化疗后2个月末的痰进行2次抗酸染色和镜检,痰培养阳性的标本采用绝对浓度间接法进行耐药性测定。同时分析可能对痰阴转产生影响的各种因素。 结果 131例患者中化疗后2个月末未查痰涂片者13例,查后发现阴转者91例,未阴转者27例;后者3个月末阴转者15例,4个月末阴转者6例,5个月末阴转者6例。通过研究5个大变量因素,发现造成复治涂阳肺结核患者2个月末痰未能阴转的主要原因在于是否多耐药［阴转患者5.3％（3/57）,未阴转患者10.0％（2/20）;χ²＝4.457,P<0.05］或者耐多药［阴转患者28.1％(16/57),未阴转患者70.0％（14/20）;χ²＝5.456,P<0.05］、是否合并糖尿病［阴转患者12.1％（11/91）,未阴转患者25.9％（7/27）;χ²=3.973,P<0.05］。 结论 耐药或合并糖尿病是影响复治涂阳肺结核患者2个月末痰涂片阴转的关键因素。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Angiographic diagnosis of the degree of serosal invasion of carcinoma of the colon

Angiography using Prostaglandin El^® was performed on 38 patients with carcinoma of the colon in order to diagnose the degree of serosal cancer invasion. The findings at angiography were classified into four groups:1) AG-S3, abnormal change (irregularity and/or encasement) up to marginal vessels; 2) AG-S2, abnormality up to vasa recta; 3) AG-S1, abnormality of penetrating branches of vasa recta within the wall of the colon; and 4) AG-S0, no distinct findings of abovementioned vessels. These angiographic findings were compared with both macroscopic and microscopic serosal cancer invasion. Angiographic diagnosis is in accord with the macroscopic findings in 84.2 percent of cases. Angiographic diagnosis is in accord with the microscopic findings in 32.4 percent of cases. Macroscopic findings confirm the angiographic diagnosis precisely but the conflict with microscopic findings should not be overlooked. This may be the result of inflammatory change, adhesion, and fibrosis around carcinoma of the colon.