食管癌手术胸导管结扎后乳糜胸12例分析

目的：探讨食管癌手术常规行胸导管结扎并发乳糜胸的原因及治疗方法。方法：我院自1983年3月至2003年8月，共遇到食管癌术后乳糜胸患者12例，其中8例再次手术结扎胸导管。经右侧开胸结扎胸导管6例，经左侧开胸结扎胸导管2例，4例保守治疗。结果：手术组7例治愈．1例失败。其中，右侧开胸结扎胸导管6例治愈，左侧开胸结扎胸导管1例治愈。保守组2例治愈，愈合时间长，且并发症多。结论：术后一旦确诊乳糜胸，应争取及早手术，并以右侧开胸入路为宜，结扎胸导管应在低位结扎，保守治疗持慎重态度。     

食管癌术后乳糜胸的诊断和治疗

目的:总结食管癌术后乳糜胸的诊断及治疗经验。方法:对15例食管癌术后乳糜胸的临床资料作回顾性研究。结果:从手术至诊断乳糜胸的时间大多在术后3～5d。再次开胸行胸导管结扎术6例,平均治愈时间7d。保守治疗9例,平均治愈时间12d。结论:(1)灵活地运用保守和手术治疗方法,权衡施治,以取得较好的治疗效果;(2)胸导管结扎术有操作简单、奏效快、经济等优点,值得推荐。     

非创伤性乳糜胸的电视胸腔镜外科治疗(附4例报告及文献复习)

目的通过4例非创伤性乳糜胸的电视胸腔镜治疗，结合文献探讨非创伤性乳糜胸的病因、诊断和治疗方法。方法4例经临床、实验室、影像学及核医学检查确诊的非创伤性乳糜胸，经电视胸腔镜行胸导管结扎及胸膜固定术。结果3例1次治愈，1例复发，经2次手术治愈，随访1～5年未复发。结论电视胸腔镜外科为非创伤性乳糜胸提供了一种安全、微创及有效的方法。     

肺癌术后乳糜胸的治疗体会

目的：探讨肺癌术后乳糜胸形成原因及处理方法。方法：2004年—2010年肺癌手术患者术后有5例并发乳糜胸。结果：1例再次开胸结扎胸导管,4例经保守治疗治愈。结论：右肺癌手术较易出现乳糜胸,术中结扎胸导管可靠。如出现乳糜胸大多可保守治疗治愈。     

食管癌术后乳糜胸的处理

目的：通过对食管癌手术后并发乳糜胸病例的临床分析，探讨食管癌术后乳糜胸的治疗方法。方法：回顾性分析金山医院和解放军第149医院从1987年1月～2003年1月食管癌术后并发乳糜胸32例患者的治疗效果。结果：32例中保守治疗13例，9例治愈，死亡4(30．8％)；手术治疗19例，16例治愈，死亡3例(15．8％)。结论：食管癌术后并发乳糜胸可通过适当选择时机进行手术治疗。与保守治疗相比较，外科治疗降低了病人的死亡率。同时多数食管癌术后乳糜胸是可以预防的。     

创伤性乳糜胸的外科治疗

我院自1972年1月～1988年8月收治创伤性乳糜胸10例,全部治愈,其中手术6例,保守4例。6例手术者经左、右胸各3例。本文重点对手术时机、入路和手术方式等作了讨论。作者的经验是:对于手术时机的选择,主要依据单位时间内乳糜引流量的多少。对每日引流量500ml 以下者,可先采取保守疗法。每日引流量1000ml 以下者,如观察4～5天无效或每日500～1000ml,保守治疗1周不见引流量减少,即应迅速开胸结扎胸导管。手术入路以乳糜胸发生侧为好,但对双侧乳糜胸,应从右胸入路。胸导管结扎术是目前治疗创伤性乳糜胸最有效的方法,本组6例手术者即全部采用此法。     

心脏外科手术后合并乳糜胸43例

目的：探讨心脏外科手术后合并乳糜胸的病因、诊断治疗及预防。方法：对心脏外科手术后确诊合并乳糜胸病例进行分析研究。结果：10055例心脏外科手术中，术后合并乳糜胸43例(0.43％)，经保守治疗痊愈38例，再次手术治愈5例。结论：心脏外科手术后合并乳糜胸对患者术后康复有较为严重的影响，一经确诊采取适当的内科或手术治疗的效果较好，减少手术中操作损伤是预防的关键。     

结扎胸导管断端远侧治疗创伤性乳糜胸

目的 探讨采用单纯结扎胸导管断端远侧治疗创伤性乳糜胸的机理。方法 回顾性分析11例胸部肿瘤术后乳糜胸的临床特征、手术方法与转归。结果 11例单纯结扎胸导管断端远侧患者均全部治愈。结论 采用单纯结扎胸导管断端远侧治疗创伤性乳糜胸是安全可行的.     

胸外科手术后并发乳糜胸62例临床分析

目的探讨胸外科手术后并发乳糜胸的诊治方法。方法对986例肺癌患者术后并发乳糜胸17例（1．72％）和11669例食管癌患者术后并发乳糜胸45例（2．69％）资料作回顾性分析。结果肺癌组,开胸手术乳糜胸发生率1．34％,胸腔镜手术2．56％;食管癌组,开胸手术乳糜胸2．38％,胸腔镜手术4．24％。62例术后并发乳糜胸患者中,38例经保守治疗,37例治愈,1例死亡,手术24例均治愈,总治愈率为98．4％（61／62）。结论胸外科手术,特别是胸腔镜手术,应重视乳糜胸的发生;术后乳糜胸以手术治疗为主,对于乳糜胸引流量较少的患者,也可采用保守治疗。     

食管癌切除术后乳糜胸并发症的防治

目的:探讨食管癌切除术后乳糜胸并发症的防治。方法:对术后乳糜胸患者27例中,保守治疗 10例,手术治疗17例。结果:保守治疗全部治愈;手术治愈 16例,术后死亡 1例。结论:要把握好保守治疗的时限和手术指征。手术治疗采取结扎胸导管的办法,其疗效肯定,成功率高。     

8例自发性乳糜胸的诊断和治疗

目的：探讨自发性乳糜胸的诊断及手术治疗。方法：对8例自发性乳糜胸的临床资料进行分析总结。结果：8例中3例保守治疗成功，治愈率37．5％；5例手术治疗，成功4例，治愈率80％。结论：手术治疗自发性乳糜胸疗效良好，淋巴管造影对诊断和手术治疗有重要价值。     

食管癌术后乳糜胸诊断与治疗

目的：探讨食管癌术后乳糜胸的诊断与治疗,方法：对我院1995年1月－2000年5月1853例食管癌术后并发乳糜胸17例的治疗进行分析,结果：14例经胸腔内注射红霉素,治愈11例,手术治疗6例,治愈6例,死亡1例,结论：食管癌术后乳糜胸患者,胸腔引流量每日不多于1500ml,可试用红霉素胸腔内注入,不失为有效的方法之一。     

Chylothorax

During a high-speed road traffic accident, a 26-year-old man suffered multiple fractures of his thoracic vertebrae and bilateral pneumothoraces. The day after admission and commencement of nasogastric feeding, milky fluid was noted in his right chest drain. Feeding was stopped and a contrast oesophogram and oesophagoscopy were performed, which were normal. The chylothorax quickly resolved and both drains were removed on day 6. Initial treatment of chylothorax aims to decompress the pleural space and minimise chyle production by not feeding the patient via the enteral route. Most authors recommend conservative management for 2 weeks or more unless certain parameters are met: average daily chyle loss of > 1.5 l for a 5-day period, or imminent nutritional complications. In this case, surgical management of the chylothorax and spinal fractures was planned. However, conservative management was successful, highlighting the fact that early aggressive surgical intervention for chyle leaks in blunt trauma is not necessary.     

Etiology of chylothorax in 203 patients

OBJECTIVES: To characterize the etiology of chylothorax in patients encountered at a single tertiary referral center and to compare the findings with those from previous studies. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The medical records of all patients with chylothorax seen at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn, over a 21-year period, from January 1, 1980, to December 31, 2000, were retrospectively reviewed to ascertain the underlying cause of their condition. RESULTS: We identified 203 patients with chylothorax; 92 were females (male-female ratio, 1.21). The median age was 54.5 years (range, 21 weeks' gestation to 93 years). Dyspnea, the most common presenting symptom, occurred in 98 (56.6%) of 173 patients in whom initial symptoms were recorded, whereas 64 (37.0%) had no respiratory symptoms. Median duration of symptoms before diagnosis was 7.5 weeks (range, 1 day to 4.5 years). Causes of chylothorax included surgery or trauma in 101 patients (49.8%), various medical conditions in 89 (43.8%), and unknown in 13 (6.4%). Among surgical procedures, esophagectomy (29 patients) and surgery for congenital heart disease (28 patients) were the most common causes of chylothorax. Among medical conditions, lymphoma (23 patients), lymphatic disorders (19 patients), and chylous ascites (16 patients) were the most common causes. CONCLUSIONS: Chylothorax has numerous causes. In contrast to previous studies, surgery or trauma was the most common cause of chylothorax at our institution, accounting for nearly 50% of cases. Lymphoma and other malignancies caused chylothorax in only 16.7% of cases. These numbers are possibly related to the high volume of cardiothoracic surgical procedures performed at our tertiary referral center.     

800例食管癌术后主要并发症分析

目的：总结食管癌术后吻合口瘘和乳糜胸的诊治经验。方法：800例食管癌患者于2004—2009年在姜堰市人民医院行根治性手术治疗。按照手术年份分组：2004—2006年在组366例;2007—2009年组434例。对2004—2006年组和2007—2009年组患者术后吻合口瘘及乳糜胸发生率进行比较。结果：2007—2009年组患者术后吻合口瘘及乳糜胸发生率明显低于2004—2006年组（P〈0.01）。结论：食管癌术后并发症的发生与多种因素密切相关,手术中操作细致及丰富的外科手术经验是减少食管癌术后并发症的关键因素。     

Somatostatin or octreotide as treatment options for chylothorax in young children: a systematic review

Objective Chylothorax is a rare but life-threatening condition in children. To date, there is no commonly accepted treatment protocol. Somatostatin and octreotide have recently been used for treating chylothorax in children. We set out to summarise the evidence on the efficacy and safety of somatostatin and octreotide in treating young children with chylothorax.Design Systematic review: literature search (Cochrane Library, EMBASE and PubMed databases) and literature hand search of peer reviewed articles on the use of somatostatin and octreotide in childhood chylothorax.Patients Thirty-five children treated for primary or secondary chylothorax (10/somatostatin, 25/octreotide) were found.Results Ten of the 35 children had been given somatostatin, as i.v. infusion at a median dose of 204 μg/kg/day, for a median duration of 9.5 days. The remaining 25 children had received octreotide, either as an i.v. infusion at a median dose of 68 μg/kg/day over a median 7 days, or s.c. at a median dose of 40 μg/kg/day and a median duration of 17 days. Side effects such as cutaneous flush, nausea, loose stools, transient hypothyroidism, elevated liver function tests and strangulation-ileus (in a child with asplenia syndrome) were reported for somatostatin; transient abdominal distension, temporary hyperglycaemia and necrotising enterocolitis (in a child with aortic coarctation) for octreotide.Conclusions A positive treatment effect was evident for both somatostatin and octreotide in the majority of reports. Minor side effects have been reported, however caution should be exercised in patients with an increased risk of vascular compromise as to avoid serious side effects. Systematic clinical research is needed to establish treatment efficacy and to develop a safe treatment protocol.No funding was provided for the review, there were no conflicting interests.     

颅脑损伤合并颈椎损伤的误漏诊分析

目的：探讨颈椎损伤在颅脑损伤中的误诊原因。方法：回顾性分析52例颅脑损伤伴颈部损伤患的。临床资料。结果：颅脑外伤常合并颈椎损伤中，导致相应的颈神经受损，椎动脉受累等脑血流动力学症状，容易误诊和漏诊。结论：颅脑损伤患伤后有难以解释的神经症状时，应根据病情作相关的颈部影像学检查，以期得到早期诊断和及时治疗。     

肺癌淋巴结清扫不同术式对并发乳糜胸的影响比较

目的：探讨肺癌淋巴结清扫不同术式（采样组与根治组）对乳糜胸发生率、治疗和转归的影响。方法：回顾分析1997年5月2003年6月1373例肺癌术后（肺叶切除术＋淋巴结采样）并发6例乳糜胸的资料,以及2003年7月-2008年7月1679例肺癌术后（肺叶切除术＋系统性淋巴结根治,包括胸腔镜）并发19例乳糜胸的临床资料。结果：采样组术后乳糜胸的发生率为0．44％,根治组为1．13％,两者有显著差异（P=0．034）。采样组所有病例均行保守治疗,根治组17例保守治疗,2例手术治疗成功,无死亡病例。结论：肺癌术后乳糜胸的发生率和淋巴结清扫方式明显相关;治疗转归由于淋巴结清扫方式不同而不同;营养支持治疗使保守治疗的有效率不断提高。