多器官功能障碍综合征血清炎性细胞因子变化的意义

目的 :探讨多器官功能障碍综合征 (MODS)血清炎性细胞因子的变化的意义。方法 :采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法测定 42例MODS和 3 0例健康对照组的血清肿瘤坏死因子 (TNF α)、白介素 1β(IL 1β)与白介素 6(IL 6)含量。结果 :MODS血清TNF α、IL 1β与IL 6含量 (各为2 77.64±5 4.3 6ng/L ,2 40 .97± 2 0 .87ng/L ,3 84.96± 73 .19ng/L)明显高于对照组 ( 2 3 .3 7± 7.96ng/L ,40 .65± 5 .87ng/L ,3 0 .2 6± 3 .61ng/L) ,P均 <0 .0 0 1;死亡组TNF α、IL 1β与IL 6含量 (各为5 5 4.86± 95 .69ng/L ,3 3 8.87± 41.2 1ng/L ,5 97.3 7± 118.3 6ng/L)高于非死亡组TNF α、IL 1β与IL 6含量 ( 2 77.64± 5 4.3 6ng/L ,2 40 .97± 2 0 .87ng/L ,3 84.96± 73 .19ng/L) ,P均 <0 .0 1。结论 :TNF α、IL 1β与IL 6对MODS的病理生理过程可能起作用 ,监测MODS患者血清TNF α、IL 1β与IL 6水平可作为反映病情严重程度和评估预后的一项参考指标     

妊娠对乙型肝炎肝郁脾虚型患者血清细胞因子浓度的影响及临床意义

目的 :探讨妊娠对慢性乙型肝炎 (乙肝 )肝郁脾虚型患者血清白细胞介素 - 10、12 (IL - 10、IL - 12 )、γ-干扰素 (IFN-γ)浓度的影响及临床意义。方法 :用酶联免疫法 (EL ISA)检测孕期和非孕期患者 IL - 10、IL - 12及 IFN -γ血清浓度 ,并作同期肝功能指标检查。患者分为早孕期 (2 6例 )、晚孕期 (32例 )、非孕期 (31例 ) 3组。 2 0例非孕期健康者为对照组。结果 :早孕期组 IL - 10水平 [(2 6 .0± 9.8) ng/ L ]较非孕期组 [(18.0± 1.3) ng/ L ]升高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而与对照组 [(2 9.4± 5 .1) ng/ L ]相近 (P >0 .0 5 )。IL - 12、IFN -γ分别为 (5 4 .1± 2 6 .0 ) ng/ L和 (45 .5± 17.3) ng/ L ,较对照组 [(8.2± 2 .1) ng/ L、(2 4 .5± 6 .1) ng/ L ]和非孕期组 [(8.0± 2 .7) ng/ L、(16 .7± 3.7) ng/ L ]均明显升高 (均P <0 .0 1)。晚孕期组与其他各组比较 ,IL - 10 [(9.4± 1.9) ng/ L ]明显下降 (P <0 .0 1) ,但 IL - 12 [(16 6 8.0± 318.2 )ng/ L ]、IFN -γ[(46 1.0± 10 3.3) ng/ L ]显著升高。结论 :妊娠可使慢性乙肝肝郁脾虚型患者血清 IL - 12、IFN-γ浓度升高 ,在晚孕期表现更为明显。     

不稳定型心绞痛患者同型半胱氨酸内皮素及纤维蛋白肽A的变化及意义

目的 :探讨不稳定型心绞痛 (UAP)患者血中同型半胱氨酸 (Hcy)、内皮素 (ET)及纤维蛋白肽A(FPA)的变化及意义。方法 :分别测定UAP患者 (37例 )、正常人 (31例 )血中Hcy、ET及FPA值。结果 :UAP患者Hcy、ET及FPA值均明显高于正常人 [(12 .4 9± 5 .4 7)∶(4 .38± 1.14 ) μmol/L]、[(12 9.37± 2 6 .6 2 )∶(6 5 .0 6±13.76 )ng/L]及 [(8.87± 2 .11)∶(3.4 5± 0 .6 0 ) μg/L],均 P <0 .0 5 ,Hcy与ET呈正相关 (r =0 .4 5 ,P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :Hcy、ET及FPA的改变可能参与了UAP的病理生理过程     

成人糖尿病患者血清GADA和ICA检测的临床意义

目的　研究血清胰岛细胞抗体 (ICA)、谷氨酸脱羧酶抗体 (GADA)检测对 1型糖尿病 (DM)早期诊断的意义 ,以及抗体阳性患者胰岛 β细胞功能。方法　采用 EL ISA法检测 ICA、GADA;放射免疫法检测血清空腹和餐后 C肽。结果　 16 3例 2型 DM患者中 ,ICA及 GADA阳性共 32例为 1型 DM,其中 ICA阳性 18例 ,GADA阳性 2 5例 ,GADA阳性率 (15 .3% )高于 ICA(11.0 % )。抗体阳性患者的空腹和餐后 C肽 [(0 .6 3± 0 .31)和 (1.76± 0 .82 ) pmol/ L]明显低于抗体阴性患者 [(0 .91± 0 .81)和 (3.18± 1.92 ) pm ol/ L]。GADA阳性患者的空腹和餐后 C肽 [(0 .2 9± 0 .18)和 (0 .74± 0 .4 3) pm ol/ L ]明显低于 ICA阴性患者 [(0 .4 8± 0 .32 )和 (1.11± 0 .4 5 )pmol/ L ]。结论　 ICA、GADA检测对 1型 DM的早期诊断有重要意义。     

肿瘤坏死因子α基因多态性与2型糖尿病胰岛素抵抗的相关性

目的　探讨肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF α)水平及其基因第 3 0 8位G→A变异与 2型糖尿病 (DM )胰岛素抵抗 (IR)的相关情况。方法　 ( 1)放射免疫法检测 70例 2型DM患者和 60例健康对照者空腹血清胰岛素 (FINS)、TNF α水平。 ( 2 )以PCR RFLP检测TNF α基因型。 ( 3 )用自我平衡模型分析法(HOMA)评价IR。结果　 ( 1) 2型DM组及对照组血清TNF α水平分别为 ( 1.2 6± 0 .2 8) μg/L和 ( 1.15±0 .2 4) μg/L(P <0 .0 5 ) ;FINS分别为 ( 11.3 1± 4.3 1)mIU/L和 ( 14 .67± 4.96)mIU /L(P <0 .0 1) ;HOMA IR分别为 5 .5 4± 2 .2 5和 3 .3 9± 1.48(P <0 .0 1)。 ( 2 ) 2型DM组和对照组GA +AA基因型频率分别为0 .3 0和 0 .13 ,A等位基因频率分别为 0 .16和 0 .0 7(P <0 .0 5 )。 ( 3 ) 2型DMGA +AA基因型组及GG基因型组TNF α分别为 ( 1.3 5± 0 .2 5 ) μg/L和 ( 1.2 2± 0 .16) μg/L(P <0 .0 5 ) ;FINS分别为 ( 13 .42± 4.73 )mIU /L和 ( 10 .40± 3 .63 )mIU/L(P <0 .0 1) ;HOMA IR分别为 7.42± 1.93和 4.11± 1.3 1(P <0 .0 1)。( 4 )多元逐步回归分析显示 :HOMA IR与TNF α及TNF α基因型呈显著正相关。结论　TNF α第 3 0 8位G→A变异与中国闽南人 2型DM的发生有关 ,A等位基因可能通过增加TNF α的释放     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者炎症细胞因子与肺通气功能的相关研究

目的　探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病 (COPD)患者肺通气功能改变与炎症因子变化之间的关系。方法　稳定期COPD和慢性支气管炎 (简称慢支 )患者各 8例 ,,另有 8名健康者作为对照 ,进行肺功能检查 ,并经支气管肺泡灌洗获取肺泡巨噬细胞进行培养 ,采用酶联免疫吸附 (ELISA)方法测定大肠杆菌内毒素 (LPS)刺激后上清液中白细胞介素 8(IL 8)、IL 1β、IL 6和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF α)的浓度 ,细胞因子之间相关性采用Pearson相关阵分析 ,肺功能值与细胞因子相关性采用多元后退回归法分析。结果　 (1)肺泡巨噬细胞释放IL 8:加入LPS后COPD组为 [(43± 2 7) μg/L和 (5 7± 41) μg/L],与正常对照组 [(13± 10 ) μg/L和 (2 0± 13 ) μg/L) ]比较差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;与慢支组 [(2 9± 2 1)μg/L和 (3 2± 2 3 ) μg/L]比较差异有显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。 (2 )加入LPS前、后 ,COPD组、慢支组和正常对照组肺泡巨噬细胞释放IL 1β分别为 [(5 0± 41)ng/L、(94± 5 9)ng/L、(3 7± 3 2 )ng/L、(2 2 5± 10 8)ng/L、(15 3± 175 )ng/L、(70± 3 7)ng/L],与IL 8的释放呈正相关 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;三组肺泡巨噬细胞在LPS刺激后释放TNF α分别为 [(12 3 8± 679)ng/L、(3 0 88± 2 879)ng/L、(13 3 2± 1846)ng/L],与IL 1β呈正相     

子宫内膜异位症与T辅助细胞亚群及其细胞因子的关系

目的　探讨T辅助细胞 (Th)亚群中的T辅助细胞 1(Th1)和T辅助细胞 2 (Th2 )所分泌的细胞因子在子宫内膜异位症 (EM )发病中的作用。方法　应用细胞因子体外诱生培养技术对 35例EM患者及 18例健康育龄妇女外周血单个核细胞 (PBMC)加入植物血凝素 (PHA)进行培养诱生 3天 ,收集上清液。采用酶联免疫吸附试验双抗体夹心法 (ELISA)分别测定血浆及PBMC培养上清中Th1类因子干扰素 γ(IFN γ)及Th2类因子白细胞介素 (IL) 4、6、10的含量。结果　EM患者PBMC诱生培养上清中IL 4、IL 6、IL 10水平 [(37 36±13 6 5 )、(6 94 32± 110 93)、(80 39± 2 3 0 2 )ng/L]比对照组 [(2 6 36± 4 32 )、(5 2 6 35± 10 2 34)、(5 9 73±2 0 32 )ng/L]明显升高 ,差异有显著性 (P均 <0 0 1)。EM患者的IFN γ为 (10 87 3± 380 9)ng/L ,与对照组的(16 37 8± 340 8)ng/L比较差异有显著性 (P <0 0 1)。EM患者PBMC诱生培养上清中IFN γ/IL 4为 36 4 7±19 4 1,与对照组的 74 86± 13 4 2比较差异有显著性 (P <0 0 1)。在血浆中 ,除了EM组的IL 4、IL 6水平[(36 2 8± 17 4 6 )、(16 4 6± 5 4 8)ng/L]与对照组 [(2 2 4± 5 2 0 )、(12 32± 3 6 7)ng/L]比较差异有显著性 (P均<0 0 5 )外 ,两组IL 10、IFN      

雷米普利对老年心力衰竭患者血清细胞因子的影响

目的研究老年心力衰竭患者血清细胞因子水平与心功能的关系以及雷米普利对血清细胞因子的影响.方法将76例老年心力衰竭患者随机分为雷米普利治疗组(36例)和常规治疗组(40例),另设年龄、性别与之匹配的健康老年人作为对照组(30例).应用双抗夹心ELISA法检测各组受试者血清肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、可溶性肿瘤坏死因子受体(STNFRI)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、白细胞介素10(IL-10)和转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)水平.常规治疗组和雷米普利组在治疗2周后复查上述指标.结果(1)血清TNF-α、STNFRI、IL-6、IL-10和TGF-βI水平与老年心力衰竭患者的基础心脏病无关(P＜0.05);上述血清细胞因子水平随心功能的恶化而升高(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).(2)与治疗前比较,雷米普利治疗组治疗前后血清TNF-α[(20.9±8.2)μg/L比(13.2±8.4)μg/L]、sTNFRI[(2.7±0.9)μg/L比(1.9±0.4)μg/L]、IL-6[(29.2±6.8)ng/L比(20.5±6.0)ng/L]、IL-10[(22.1±6.4)ng/L比(13.8±5.7)ng/L]及TGF-β1[(2144.1±597.9)ng/L比(1348.8±342.4)ng/L]水平均下降(分别为P＜0.05或P＜0.01),雷米普利治疗组比常规治疗组下降明显(P＜0.01).结论老年心力衰竭患者血清细胞因子与心功能密切相关,能够反映心力衰竭的程度;雷米普利能明显改善老年心力衰竭患者细胞因子的异常.     

2型糖尿病家系中血浆肿瘤坏死因子α水平与胰岛素抵抗

目的　探讨 2型糖尿病 (T2 DM)家系成员血浆肿瘤坏死因子 α(TNF- α)水平与胰岛素敏感性的关系。　方法　采用放射免疫法检测了 32例家族性 T2 DM患者、37例家族性 T2 DM患者的非 DM一级亲属 ,4 0例正常人的血浆 TNF- α水平。　结果　家族性 T2 DM患者血浆 TNF- α为 (1.19± 0 .2 1) μg/ L,明显高于正常对照组 (1.0 0± 0 .18) μg/ L(P<0 .0 5 )。家族性 T2 DM患者的非 DM一级亲属血浆 TNF- α为 (1.0 1± 0 .2 8) μg/ L,与正常对照组比较 ,差异无显著性。逐步回归分析显示 ,血浆 TNF- α水平与胰岛素敏感性指数 (ISI)呈负相关 ,TNF- α参与了 ISI的变异 ,血浆总胆固醇(TC)、体重指数 (BMI)、TNF- α对 ISI总的影响程度为 39%。　结论　循环 TNF- α可能参与了家族性 T2 DM患者胰岛素抵抗的形成     

心绞痛患者同型半胱氨酸和内皮素及血管性假血友病因子的改变

目的 :观察不稳定型心绞痛 (UAP)患者同型半胱氨酸 (Hcy)、内皮素 (ET)及血管性假血友病因子(vWF)的变化。方法 :UAP患者 34例、正常体检者 2 1例分别在清晨采血测定Hcy、ET及vWF值。 结果 :UAP患者Hcy、ET及vWF值均明显高于正常者 [(12 .2± 3.2 )∶(4 .9± 1.6 ) μmol/L、(12 9.3± 2 6 .4 )∶(85 .2± 39.6 )ng/L及 (185 .4± 32 .4 ) %∶(14 2 .1± 4 2 .0 ) % ,均P <0 .0 5 ],三者之间不具有相关性 (r =0 .18、0 .19、0 .15 ,均P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :Hcy、ET及vWF的改变可能参与UAP的病理生理过程。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.