藻酸盐敷料应用于难愈性烧伤创面随机对照

背景:研究发现藻酸盐敷料可有效促进创面愈合,但对于烧伤难愈创面的研究尚须进一步开展.目的:观察藻酸盐敷料应用于烧伤患者难愈创面的临床效果.方法:60例患者随机分为常规换药组和藻酸盐敷料组,每组30例,两组患者年龄、性别、创面面积及全身状况等因素的差别均无显著性意义.常规换药组用凡士林纱布覆盖创面,藻酸盐敷料组用藻酸盐敷料覆盖创面.每两三天换药1次,直到创面愈合.对比观察两组创面愈合时间及愈合率、局部炎症反应和皮片排斥反应、创面愈合方式,创面愈合后皮肤质量情况.结果与结论:藻酸盐敷料较凡士林油纱可明显缩短创面愈合时间,提高创面愈合率,减轻局部炎症反应,创面愈合后皮肤质量明显提高.与常规换药相比,应用藻酸盐敷料可明显减少难愈性创面愈合时间,可作为难愈性创面的治疗方法之一.     

改良式藻酸盐敷料用于拔甲术后创面换药的效果观察

目的探讨减轻拔甲术后病人创面换药疼痛的方法和措施。方法将68例拔甲病人随机分为实验组和对照组，实验组病人用改良式藻酸盐敷料换药，即在藻酸盐敷料的上面再平铺4层生理盐水纱布作为换药的内层敷料。对照组病人仅用藻酸盐敷料作为内层敷料换药。观察两组病人换药时疼痛的程度及创面愈合时间。结果实验组病人疼痛程度低于对照组，创面愈合时间优于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论改良式藻酸盐敷料换药更能有效减轻病人的疼痛和缩短疗程。     

藻酸盐银联合水凝胶敷料对慢性创面愈合的作用

背景:研究发现藻酸盐及水凝胶敷料等均可促进创面愈合,而新型敷料藻酸盐银联合水凝胶敷料,对于难治慢性创面的愈合作用尚不清楚。目的:观察藻酸盐银联合水凝胶敷料对慢性创面治疗的作用。方法:选择江苏省人民医院烧伤整形科住院慢性创面患者34例,随机分为2组:治疗组应用藻酸盐银联合水凝胶敷料序贯换药;对照组采用1%磺胺嘧啶银冷霜抹在凡士林纱布上外敷,于治疗后7,10,14,17,21d进行创面分泌物细菌培养、观察创面愈合情况及速度、药物不良反应、换药时创面痛感、肉芽破坏等情况。结果与结论:治疗组创面细菌检出率明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗组创面愈合时间比对照组平均缩短约6d,创面愈合速度较对照组明显加快(P<0.05)。两组均无药物不良反应,治疗组创面换药时无明显疼痛感,肉芽组织无明显破坏。提示藻酸盐银联合水凝胶敷料序贯治疗慢性创面具有显著抗菌及促进创面肉芽组织和上皮再生、促进创面愈合的作用,且无不良反应。     

藻酸盐银联合水凝胶敷料对慢性创面愈合的作用

背景：研究发现藻酸盐及水凝胶敷料等均可促进创面愈合,而新型敷料藻酸盐银联合水凝胶敷料,对于难治慢性创面的愈合作用尚不清楚。目的：观察藻酸盐银联合水凝胶敷料对慢性创面治疗的作用。方法：选择江苏省人民医院烧伤整形科住院慢性创面患者34例,随机分为2组：治疗组应用藻酸盐银联合水凝胶敷料序贯换药;对照组采用1%磺胺嘧啶银冷霜抹在凡士林纱布上外敷,于治疗后7,10,14,17,21d进行创面分泌物细菌培养、观察创面愈合情况及速度、药物不良反应、换药时创面痛感、肉芽破坏等情况。结果与结论：治疗组创面细菌检出率明显低于对照组（P〈0.05）。治疗组创面愈合时间比对照组平均缩短约6d,创面愈合速度较对照组明显加快（P〈0.05）。两组均无药物不良反应,治疗组创面换药时无明显疼痛感,肉芽组织无明显破坏。提示藻酸盐银联合水凝胶敷料序贯治疗慢性创面具有显著抗菌及促进创面肉芽组织和上皮再生、促进创面愈合的作用,且无不良反应。     

回肠造口术后造口皮肤黏膜分离29例治疗与护理

目的:探讨回肠造口术后造口皮肤黏膜分离的创面处理方法及合理的护理用品选择。方法:将29例回肠造口术后造口皮肤黏膜分离的患者随机分为观察组16例和对照组13例,对照组清创后选择藻酸盐敷料(或银离子藻酸盐敷料)+皮肤保护膜+防漏膏+一件式造口产品进行治疗护理,观察组选择藻酸盐敷料(或银离子藻酸盐敷料)+皮肤保护膜+防漏膏+两件式造口产品进行治疗护理,比较两组疗效、换药间隔天数、换药次数、愈合时间、有无粪水性皮炎发生等。结果:两组患者均治愈,无粪水性皮炎发生;观察组愈合时间、换药次数均明显少于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:藻酸盐敷料(或银离子藻酸盐敷料)+凡士林敷料+皮肤保护膜+防漏膏+两件式造口产品的方法处理回肠造口术后造口皮肤黏膜分离可减少换药次数,有利于创面愈合。     

银离子联合藻酸盐敷料治疗术后感染60例效果观察

目的:探讨银离子联合藻酸盐敷料治疗术后感染患者的效果。方法:将120例术后感染患者随机分为观察组和对照组各60例,对照组使用藻酸盐敷料治疗,观察组使用银离子联合藻酸盐敷料治疗。结果:观察组创面愈合时间、住院时间均短于对照组(P0.05),换药疼痛评分、换药次数均少于对照组(P0.05),并发症发生率低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:通过对术后感染患者使用银离子联合藻酸盐敷料治疗,不仅能缩短患者创面愈合时间、住院时间,改善换药疼痛评分、换药次数,还能降低并发症发生率。     

藻酸盐敷料加安普贴联合治疗溃疡期压疮的疗效观察

[目的]观察藻酸盐敷料加安普贴联合治疗溃疡期压疮的临床效果。[方法]将16例溃疡期压疮病人随机分为实验组和对照组,对照组采用传统敷料换药治疗,实验组采用藻酸盐敷料(优赛)加安普贴联合治疗。[结果]实验组的痊愈时间为(7.0±5.1)d,对照组为(15.1±5.9)d,两组比较具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。[结论]藻酸盐敷料加安普贴治疗溃疡期的压疮能明显缩短创面的愈合时间,并可减少换药次数,使病人换药时疼痛减轻,值得推广。     

藻酸盐敷料治疗放射性阴道黏膜损伤的护理

目的观察藻酸盐敷料在治疗放射性阴道黏膜损伤中的临床效果,探索护理方法。方法方便性抽样选择2011年1月至2012年8月放疗后出现放射性阴道黏膜损伤的妇科肿瘤患者35例,采用随机数字表法将患者分为两组,观察组患者17人采用常规方法处理加用藻酸盐敷料填塞阴道治疗;对照组患者18人仅用常规方法处理。观察两组患者阴道黏膜损伤的治疗效果、疼痛情况及对肿瘤放射治疗的影响。结果观察组患者放射性阴道黏膜损伤治疗有效率及创面愈合时间优于对照组;观察组患者以轻度疼痛为主,对照组以中、重度疼痛为主;观察组患者中断放疗3例,中断时间为1～3d,对照组为8例,中断时间为5～14d。肿瘤放射治疗引起的不良反应观察组小于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论与常规治疗相比,使用藻酸盐敷料治疗放射性阴道黏膜损伤总有效率高、创面愈合时间短,可缩短放疗中断时间,提高肿瘤控制率,缓解患者疼痛,提高其生活质量。     

含银敷料辅助治疗糖尿病足溃疡感染的效果观察

目的观察评价含银敷料辅助治疗糖尿病足溃疡感染的有效性。方法2012年5月一2014年4月对人选的105例糖尿病足溃疡患者随机分为A、B两组：患者在整体干预的基础上,A组使用进口的银离子藻酸盐敷料,B组使用国产纳米银敷料,在设定治疗时间内,通过观察创面细菌转阴率和伤口愈合计分评价含银敷料处理糖尿病足溃疡的效果。结果两组创面细菌转阴率基本一致（P〉0．05）,伤口愈合计分随着治疗时间的延长均呈下降趋势,但A组伤口愈合计分下降较B组明显（P〈0．01）。结论两种含银敷料辅助治疗糖尿病足溃疡创面感染均有效,但银离子藻酸盐抗菌敷料的促愈效果更佳;细菌转阴率和伤口愈合计分评价含银敷料的治疗效果是客观可行的观察指标。     

高压氧联合银离子藻酸盐抗菌敷料在糖尿病足溃疡中的应用

目的:分析高压氧联合银离子藻酸盐抗菌敷料在糖尿病足溃疡患者中的应用效果。方法:选取2016年10月～2018年7月我院糖尿病足溃疡患者74例,随机数字表法分为联合组(n=37)与敷料组(n=37)。敷料组给予银离子藻酸盐抗菌敷料治疗,联合组给予高压氧+银离子藻酸盐抗菌敷料治疗。观察对比两组治疗效果、治疗后创面细菌转阴率及创面愈合情况。结果:联合组总有效率94.59%,较敷料组72.97%高(P0.05);治疗1、2、3周后联合组创面细菌转阴率高于敷料组,创面愈合评分低于敷料组(P0.05)。结论:高压氧联合银离子藻酸盐抗菌敷料应用于糖尿病足溃疡患者,可有效强化治疗效果,提高创面细菌转阴率,促进创面愈合。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.