Minimally invasive surgery for posterior gastric stromal tumors

Background: Because involvement is extremely rare, surgery for gastric stromal tumors consists of local excision with clear resection margins. The aim of this study was to report the results of a consecutive series of nine patients with posterior gastric stromal tumors that were excised using a minimally invasive method. Methods: Patients received a general anesthetic before placement of three laparoscopic ports— a 10-mm (umbilical) port for the telescope and two working ports, a 12-mm port (left upper quadrant) and a 10-mm port (right upper quadrant). Grasping forceps were placed through an anteriorly placed gastrotomy to deliver the tumor through the gastrotomy into the abdominal cavity, thus allowing an endoscopic linear cutter to excise the tumor with a cuff of normal gastric tissue. Results: Nine consecutive patients with a median age of 73 years (range, 47–83) were treated. In seven patients, laparoscopic removal of the tumor was achieved. Two patients required conversion to an open operation because the tumor could not be delivered into the abdominal cavity. The median length of postoperative stay for the seven patients in whom the procedure was completed laparoscopically was 3 days (range, 2–6). Conclusions: Posterior gastric stromal tumors can be removed safely using this minimally invasive method. Delivery of the tumor through the gastrotomy is essential for success. Received: 30 April 1999/Accepted: 12 July 1999     

Lessons learned from laparoscopic treatment of gastric and gastroesophageal junction stromal cell tumors

Background Stromal cell tumors of the gastric and gastroesophageal junction are rare neoplasms that traditionally have been resected for negative margins using an open approach. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy laparoscopic resection of gastric and gastroesophageal stromal cell tumors and the lessons learned from experience with this method. Methods This retrospective review evaluated all patients who underwent laparoscopic resection of gastric or esophageal stromal cell tumors at a tertiary referral center between December 2002 and March 2005. Medical records were reviewed with regard to patient demographics, preoperative evaluation, operative approach, tumor location and pathology, length of operation, complications, and length of hospital stay. Results A total of 12 consecutive patients with a mean age of 55 ± 5.9 years were treated. Preoperative endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) was performed for 11 of 12 patients with a diagnostic accuracy of 100%, whereas EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration was performed for 10 of 12 patients with a diagnostic accuracy of 50%. Four patients with symptomatic gastroesophageal junction leiomyomas were treated with enucleation and Nissen fundoplication. Eight patients were treated with laparoscopic wedge resection of gastric lesions. Complete R0 resection was achieved for all the patients undergoing laparoscopic resection. Intraoperative endoscopy was performed for four patients and resulted in shorter operative times. The average operative time for this entire series was 169 ± 17 min: 199 ± 24 min for the first six cases and 138 ± 19 min for the last six cases. The median hospital length of stay was 2 days. One patient with esophageal leiomyoma had persistent dysphagia at the 12-month follow-up assessment. There were no other complications and no deaths in this series of patients. Conclusions Laparoscopic resection of gastric and gastroesophageal junction stromal cell tumors may be performed safely with low patient morbidity. This approach can achieve adequate surgical margins and lead to short hospital stays. Improvements in the technique have led to shorter operative times. Presented at the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES) meeting, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, 15 April 2005     

Laparoscopic management of ovarian tumors

Background: Laparoscopy can be used with minimal operative morbidity to evaluate adnexal masses. We report our experience with the endoscopic approach to the diagnosis and treatment of ovarian tumors. In particular, we describe 11 patients who incidentally underwent laparoscopy and in whom the ovarian masses were found to be malignant. Methods: Between September 1994 and September 1996, 292 patients with 316 ovarian tumors were treated laparoscopically in the Department of Obstetrics–Gynaecology, University of Ulm. We assessed vaginal ultrasonography, clinical assessment, the tumor marker CA 12-5, and the intraoperative low-power magnification for their value in predicting the final diagnosis in all laparoscopically treated ovarian tumors. Results: From a total of 292 patients with ovarian tumors, 11 were diagnosed, intraoperatively or after final histologic examination, as having a malignant or borderline ovarian tumor. All applied pre- and intraoperative diagnostic procedures were by themselves too unreliable to exclude early stages of ovarian carcinoma exactly. Conclusions: On the basis of the present findings, we are tempted to conclude that laparoscopic surgery is justified in the management of ovarian tumors. Even with an accurate preoperative selection of suitable patients for laparoscopic surgery, the presence of an undetected ovarian carcinoma cannot be entirely excluded. Received: 23 September 1997/Accepted: 4 December 1997     

改良腹腔镜经黏膜下隧道切除胃间质瘤临床分析

目的探讨改良腹腔镜经黏膜下隧道肿瘤切除术治疗固有肌层来源的胃间质瘤临床效果。方法回顾性分析2013年2月至2015年2月46例固有肌层来源的胃间质瘤患者临床资料,23例行改良腹腔镜下隧道肿瘤切除术(改良组),23例行内镜下全层切除术(对照组)。利用统计学软件SPSS19.0进行分析,其中住院时间,手术时间,术中出血量及腹痛时间等计量资料用均数±标准差(x珋±s)表示,组间比较用t检验;复发率及并发症发生率用(%)表示,组间比较用卡方检验,P0.05表示差异具有统计学意义。结果改良组手术时间,住院时间,腹痛时间、术中出血量均比对照组显著减少(P0.05);改良组术后总并发症2例(8.7%)显著低于对照组9例(39.1%),差异具有统计学意义(χ~2=4.301,P0.05);随访期间改良组复发1例,复发率为4.35%,远远低于对照组复发8例,复发率为34.78%,差异具有统计学意义(χ~2=4.973,P=0.026)。结论改良腹腔镜经黏膜下隧道肿瘤切除术应用于固有肌层来源的胃间质瘤患者成效显著,同时减少并发症和复发情况,具有良好的应用前景。     

Laparoscopic cryosurgery for hepatic tumors

Background: Hepatic cryosurgery has been shown to be a safe technique that may be well suited to a laparoscopic approach. Methods: The technical feasibility and safety of laparoscopic cryosurgery was explored first in a pig model. Thereafter we performed the first successful case of laparoscopic hepatic cryosurgery at our institution. Results: In the animal model, we found that it is possible to safely identify, target, and cryoablate specific lesions in the liver. Temperature in the peritoneal cavity remained above 35°C, and pathologic examination of the abdominal wall around the cryoprobe site revealed no damage. We also successfully treated a 62-year-old man with a metastatic colorectal carcinoma deep in the right lobe of the liver with laparoscopic cryosurgery using a transpleural approach. Conclusion: We conclude that laparoscopic cryosurgery is feasible for lesions anywhere in the liver. For lesions high on the dome of the liver, a transpleural approach may provide better access.     

腹腔镜胃腔外胃楔形切除术治疗胃胃肠问质瘤

目的探讨腹腔镜胃腔外胃楔形切除术（ELWR）治疗胃胃肠间质瘤（GIST）的安全性和可行性。方法回顾性分析2007年10月至2011年6月间在福建医科大学附属协和医院接受腹腔镜ELWR治疗的31例胃GIST患者的临床资料。结果31例胃GIST患者中男性19例,女性12例,平均年龄65．5岁。肿瘤位于胃底22例,胃体前壁9例;肿瘤直径（3．3±1．5）cm。所有患者均成功施行了ELWR,无一例中转开腹。手术时间（54．1±6．2）min,术中出血量（35．2±10．5）ml;术后胃肠功能恢复时间（1．5±0．2）d,术后住院时间（4．5±1．0）d。所有患者均未出现术后并发症,经过4-48个月随访,未见复发患者。结论ELWR治疗直径小于5em的胃GIST是安全、可行的。     

腹腔镜手术治疗胃和小肠间质瘤

目的评价腹腔镜手术在治疗胃和小肠间质瘤中的临床应用。方法回顾性分析2003年12月至2006年7月间腹腔镜手术治疗33例胃和小肠间质瘤的临床资料。包括腹腔镜手术方式、手术时间、术中失血、切口长度、术后排气时间、术后住院天数、手术并发症、术后病理和随访情况。结果33例胃和小肠间质瘤均成功地接受了腹腔镜手术治疗,其中8例实施腹腔镜锲型胃局部切除;8例实施腹腔镜经胃腔肿瘤外翻切除术;17例实施腹腔镜辅助下部小肠肠段切除。手术时间(73.1±27.0)min,术中失血(19.8±14.0)ml,手术切口长度(3.3±1.1)cm,术后恢复排气时间(2.2±1.0)d,术后住院天数(8.1±2.0)d。3例患者(9.1%)术后分别出现小肠吻合口和胃腔内渗血,经非手术治疗后痊愈。所有患者随访2-33个月未发现肿瘤复发。结论腹腔镜手术治疗胃和小肠间质瘤是可行、安全的,而且具有创伤小、恢复快的优点。     

腹腔镜胃间质瘤切除术的疗效

目的 探讨用腹腔镜手术治疗胃间质瘤的可行性.方法 回顾性分析我院2003年6月至2007年10月腹腔镜手术治疗20例胃间质瘤患者的临床资料,其中13例位于胃前壁,7例位于胃后壁.结果 本组20例患者手术均获得成功,无中转开腹,无术后严重并发症发生.手术时间(60±34)min,术中出血15～120ml,患者住院时间(6.0±2.6)d.随访10～22个月,无复发及转移.结论 采用腹腔镜手术治疗胃间质瘤技术安全可行,并能明显减轻患者的手术创伤.     

腹腔镜手术治疗胃和小肠胃肠间质瘤疗效分析

目的探讨原发局限性胃和小肠胃肠间质瘤（GIST）腹腔镜手术切除的可行性和短期效果。方法回顾性分析2010年10月至2013年4月间在中山大学附属第一医院接受腹腔镜手术治疗的20例胃GIST和6例小肠GIST患者的临床病理资料。结果26例患者中行手辅助腹腔镜胃GIST切除3例,其余23例均行腹腔镜辅助切除手术,无一例中转开腹。根据肿瘤部位和生长方式,行胃局部切除术18例,远端胃部分切除2例,小肠部分切除6例。肿瘤直径（4．5±1．6）cm,手术时间（96．0±28．2）min,术中出血量（49．6±38．6）ml。术后胃肠功能恢复时间（2．3±0．7）d,术后住院时间（6．8±1．9）d。术后吻合口出血1例,保守治疗治愈。术后病理按照改良NIH标准显示,极低度恶性危险（极低危）1例（3．8％）,低危13例（50．0％）,中危9例（34．6％）,高危3例（11．5％）。术后随访3～32（中位数15）月,未发现复发或死亡病例。结论原发局限性胃或小肠GIsT腹腔镜切除创伤小、恢复快,短期效果满意。     

Laparoscopic resection of posterior gastric leiomyoma

Laparoscopic gastric surgery is gaining momentum, especially in the treatment of benign disease. Simultaneous endoscopy and laparoscopy allow precise localization of lesions. Because of the stomach's size, mobility, and distensibility, relatively large lesions can be safely excised. Wedge resection for anterior lesions and a transgastric or intragastric approach for posterior lesions are feasible laparoscopically. Two cases of posterior gastric leiomyomas successfully resected laparoscopically are presented. The use of stapling devices greatly facilitates this procedure. Received: 17 February 1995/Accepted: 7 September 1995     

Laparoscopic gastric banding for morbid obesity

Background: Morbid obesity occurs in 2–5% of the population of Europe, Australia, and the United States and is becoming more common. Open surgical techniques, such as vertical banded gastroplasty and other divisional procedures in the stomach, have led to long-term weight reduction as well as an amelioration of the attendant medical problems in approximately two-thirds of patients. Materials and methods: A total of 335 patients with a median age of 41 years underwent gastric banding. We emphasized the need for long-term maintenance and follow-up. The indications for surgery comprised a body mass index >35, a stated desire to undergo the procedure, and a full understanding of all possible complications. Results: All patients have needed band adjustments of 1–4 ml over the course of their follow-up. No patient had increased his or her weight during the follow-up, and only three patients have not enjoyed sustained weight loss. Conclusions: Laparoscopic gastric banding has much to recommend it. Certainly in the short term, its results in terms of effectiveness of weight loss are at least as good as those of any open procedure. Longer follow-up will show whether this weight loss is maintainable. The procedure is technically demanding, and the major prerequisite of satisfactory performance of this surgery is laparoscopic experience. Received: 12 May 1998/Accepted: 12 February 1999     

Laparoscopic resection of gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors

Background Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are neoplasms with low malignant potential. They occur most commonly in the stomach, where they are amenable to laparoscopic resection. Methods A case note review of all patients undergoing laparoscopic resection of a presumed gastric GIST at the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, United Kingdom, was conducted. Results Since September 1995, 30 patients have undergone this procedure. The patients had a mean age of 64.2 years (range, 31–87 years) and a mean weight of 74.1 kg (range, 44–104 kg). A presumptive diagnosis of GIST was made in all the cases based on the endoscopic and radiologic appearance of the lesion. Laparoscopic resection was completed successfully in 23 patients with a mean operating time of 73.8 min (range, 26–160 min). Seven procedures were converted to open surgery: three because the tumor was deemed too large for laparoscopic resection, two because the tumor could not be identified, one because of dense peritoneal adhesions, and one because of bleeding. The mean estimated blood loss was 196 ml (range, 0–1,000 ml), and the mean hospital stay was 5 days (ranges, 1–11 days). Pathologic analysis of the resected specimens showed 22 GISTs, 3 inflammatory fibroids, 2 submucosal lipomas, 1 submucosal varix, and 1 nest of heterotopic pancreatic tissue. During a median follow-up period of 18 months (range, 2–101 months) there have been two cases of recurrence. In both cases, the tumor was catagorized as high risk for aggressive behavior after primary resection. Conclusion Stapled laparoscopic resection is a safe and effective treatment option for nonmetastatic primary gastric GIST.     

Laparoscopic treatment of ventral hernia

Laparoscopic repair of abdominal wall hernias has been introduced recently to treat both spontaneous and incisional hernias with reported good results. In the Mafraq and Al Jaziera Hospitals in the United Arab Emirates, 18 patients have been treated using the laparoscopic technique. These cases included 11 incisional hernias, 5 spontaneous paraumbilical hernias, and 2 combined incisional and paraumbilical hernias. A bilayer repair was performed in all cases using a layer of polyester mesh to bridge the defect and a sheet of Gore-Tex (W. L. Gore & Associates, Flagstaff, AZ, USA) to prevent adhesions between first layer and the bowel. Seroma at the hernia site was the most frequent postoperative complication. Hospital stay ranged from 2 to 7 days (mean, 3.2 days). Recurrent hernia developed in one patient after a mean follow up of 22.3 months. This technique is in its evolution. Long follow-up evaluation is required before the effect on recurrence is known, and further development regarding the composition of prosthetic biomaterials and the methods of its fixation is expected. Received: 4 February 2000/Accepted: 11 May 2000/Online publication: 28 September 2000     

胃肠道间质瘤的规范化治疗

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) is a subset of mesenchymal tumors and represents the most common mesenchymal neoplasm of gastrointestinal tract.In the last decade,GISTs has become well known because of the effectiveness of imatinib mesylate.The molecular targets for tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor are not only of importance for the treatment of patients but also useful for the development of a novel drug modalities and new strategies in basic cancer therapy.The improved understanding of the molecular mechanism of GISTs has made its diagnosis standardized.Many multicenter phase Ⅱor phase Ⅲ clinical trials have been completed to establish the role of adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapy.It is important to select the correct management strategy,which is multidisciplinary,integrated,and individualized.This paper provides an overview of the rational treatment of GISTs at present.     

全腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗胃间质瘤的临床疗效对比

目的:比较全腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗直径≤5cm的胃间质瘤的临床疗效,探讨腹腔镜手术在胃间质瘤治疗中的应用前景。方法:选取2010年1月1日至2015年1月1日行胃间质瘤楔形切除术的59例患者其中全腹腔镜楔形切除术22例(腔镜组),幵腹楔形切除术37例(开腹组)。対比两组围手术期相关指标及预后情况。结果:两组在性別、年龄、肿瘤部位及最大直径等方面差异无统计学意义(P0.05),与开腹组相比,腹腔镜组手术时间短[(53.95±19.59)min vs.(103.84±21.257)min,t=-8.969,P0.001],术中失血量少[39.41(2-100)ml vs.121.35(20400)ml,Z=4.285,P0.001],术后恢复排气时间早[1.91(1-3)d vs.3.72(2-5)d,Z=-4.871,P0.001],术后开始进食时间早[2.73(2-4)d vs.4.38(3-6)d,Z=-5.319,P0.001],术后住院时间短[4.55(3-6)d vs.7.70(5-10)d,Z=-6.166,P0.001]术后4hC反应蛋白升高幅度小[(3.13±0.97)mg/dl vs.(5.48±1.98)mg/dl,t=-6.10,P0.001],术后4 h白介素-6升高幅度小[(8.69±2.52)ng/L vs.(14.87±3.81)ng/L,t=-6.77,P0.001],疼痛感觉轻[(3.64±0.902)vs.(5.43±1.068),t=-6.604,P0.001]。随访6~36个月,均未出现复发及远处转移。结论:与传统开腹手术相比,全腹腔镜胃间质瘤楔形切除术具有创伤小、疼痛轻、康复快等优势,术后复发转移率并未明显增加在胃间质瘤的临床治疗中具有良好的应用前景。     

Laparoscopic approaches to resection of suspected gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors based on tumor location

Background Surgical resection of gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) should be optimized to achieve a negative pathologic surgical margin while limiting the extent of stomach volume loss. Careful identification of exact gastric tumor location using preoperative computed tomography (CT) scans and gastroscopy should allow for selection of a specific operative approach. Methods This retrospective case series involved 12 patients (7 men and 5 women; mean age, 60.5 years) with suspected gastric GIST undergoing tumor resection at Fletcher Allen Health Care, a university medical center, from January 2005 to August 2006. The main outcome measures were pathologic resection margins, operative time, estimated blood loss (EBL), morbidity, and duration of hospital stay. Results The 12 patients were separated into three groups on the basis of tumor location as follows: type 1 (fundus/greater curvature, n = 5), type 2 (prepyloric/antrum, n = 3), and type 3 (lesser curvature/perigastroesophageal junction, n = 4). Preoperative imaging (CT scan and/or endoscopy) used to identify tumor location accurately predicted the operative approach before surgery for 11 of the12 patients. The surgical approach was selected solely by tumor location as follows: type 1 (laparoscopic partial gastrectomy [LPG]), type 2 (laparoscopic distal gastrectomy [LDG]), and type 3 (laparoscopic transgastric resection [LTG]). Nine patients had a final pathologic diagnosis of GIST. The average tumor size was 4.6 cm, but this did not influence procedure selection. Histologic margins were microscopically negative in all patients. The LPG and LTG approaches had similar outcomes in terms of estimated blood loss (EBL; 80 vs 100 ml) and hospital stay (3.4 vs 3.3 days; p = 0.0198), but LTG had longer operative times (236 vs 180 min). The LDG procedure had longer operative times, greater EBL, and a longer hospital stay. The operative morbidity was 17%, and there was no operative mortality. Conclusion The selection of an operative technique for resection of gastric submucosal tumors can be based on preoperative identification of tumor location, for better definition of both the extent of gastric resection and the technical complexity of the laparoscopic procedure.     

腹腔镜胃间质瘤切除联合食道裂孔疝修补术的临床体会

目的探讨腹腔镜下胃间质瘤切除联合食道裂孔疝修补术的临床体会。方法回顾性分析8例腹腔镜胃间质瘤切除联合食道裂孔疝修补术的临床资料。结果 8例均获成功,无并发症发生及中转开腹,术后7～9d痊愈出院。结论腹腔镜下胃间质瘤切除联合食道裂孔疝修补术能安全有效的处理胃食道多发病变,在掌握好手术适应症的条件下是安全可行的。     

腹腔镜下手术治疗胃间质瘤

目的评价腹腔镜微创外科治疗胃间质瘤的临床价值、安全性及可靠性。方法回顾性分析2007年至2009年经腹腔镜胃部分切除术治疗的16例胃间质瘤患者的临床和病理资料。采用4孔法,手术主要步骤为肿瘤定位、网膜游离、胃壁和脾的分离、食管贲门连接处显露以及切割闭合器楔形切除胃间质瘤。结果 16例患者行腹腔镜下胃部分切除术,平均手术时间(61.3±21.5)min,术中平均出血(49.1±28.6)ml,术后平均住院天数(5.5±0.7)d,81%患者于术后36h内恢复胃肠功能,并开始进食,无并发症出现。随访4个月至3年,无复发及转移。结论腹腔镜下胃部分切除治疗胃间质瘤是安全、简便、可行的,术式的选择应依据肿瘤的大小与位置选择个体化手术方案。     

腹腔镜手术治疗胃胃肠间质瘤疗效分析

【摘要】 目的 探讨腹腔镜手术治疗胃胃肠间质瘤(GIST)的可行性。方法〓回顾性分析2009年1月至2014年1月间,在我院接受腹腔镜手术治疗的27例胃胃肠间质瘤患者的临床资料,并统计具体手术方式,手术时间,术中出血量,手术切口长度,肿瘤大小及住院时间。结果〓根据胃肿瘤大小和部位选择不同手术方式,其中胃局部切除术病人20例,远端胃大部切除术5例,全胃切除术2例。其中胃局部切除术20人均在完全腹腔镜下完成,其余7例病人行腹腔镜辅助切除手术。手术时间81.3±16.2 min,术中出血量42.1±9.2 mL,手术切口长度5.6±2.4 cm,肿瘤直径4.8±1.3 cm,住院时间7.5±2.6 d。结论〓腹腔镜手术治疗胃胃肠间质瘤安全可行、恢复快。     

Laparoscopic treatment of large paraesophageal hernias

Background: We set out to evaluate the results of the laparoscopic treatment of large paraesophageal hernias in 22 patients. Methods: Between 1993 and 1998, we operated on 22 consecutive patients. Preoperative assessment consisted of endoscopy, barium esophagogram, 24-h pH testing, manometry, and gastric emptying times. Results: In the first three patients, the sac was not excised and gastropexy was not performed. Because of recurrences, we decided to change the technique in an attempt to avoid further complications. During middle- to long-term follow-up, only three recurrences were seen in the subsequent 19 patients. There were no deaths in this series. Conclusions: Laparoscopic treatment of large paraesophageal hernias is feasible. Because recurrences may occur after successful laparoscopic treatment, both resection of the sac and some form of gastropexy are imperative. Received: 22 March 2000/Accepted: 30 April 2000/Online publication: 20 September 2000