小儿24h食道pH及压力同步测定中两种置管方法的比较

目的探讨适用于小儿24h食道pH及压力同步动态监测的置管方法。方法根据患儿或家长选择置管方法分为两组,19例采用传统方法为常规组,39例采用患儿坐在家长前,身体紧贴家长,用0.5%麻黄素涂于鼻腔黏膜,再用2%盐酸利多卡因喷入鼻腔局部的方法为新方法组。重点分析的指标有插管次数、操作时间和插管引起并发症的例数。结果新方法组在插管次数、操作时间和并发症等明显低于常规组。两组比较经统计学处理有显著性差异,P<0.05或P<0.01。结论操作前在鼻腔局部使用麻黄素和利多卡因及采用坐位是较适合小儿的插管方法。     

幽门螺杆菌感染对胃食管反流病患者食管酸暴露及食管动力的影响

目的分析幽门螺杆菌（helicobacterpylor,Hp）感染胃食管反流病（gastroesophagealrefluxdisease,GERD）患者食管远端酸暴露及食管动力变化特点,探讨Hp感染与GERD的关系。方法GERD患者80例,分为Hp阳性组30例,Hp阴性组50例,同期20例慢性浅表性胃炎患者为对照组,对3组进行食管动力学检测和食管24hpH监测。结果Hp阳性组与Hp阴性组DeMeester评分、食管下括约肌压力、24hpH监测各项指标及食管动力学各项指标比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉O．05）;2组DeMeester评分均高于对照组（P〈0．05）,食管下括约肌压力低于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论GERD患者食管下括约肌压力较正常人群低,且存在过量酸反流;Hp感染与GERD发生可能无明显关系。     

系统性硬化症累及上消化道的临床特征及影响因素分析

目的:探讨系统性硬化症(systemic sclerosis,SSc)患者累及上消化道症状的临床特征,并分析其可能的影响因素。方法:纳入2011年1月至2015年12月于南京医科大学附属无锡市人民医院风湿免疫科住院的SSc患者52例,根据有无上消化道症状,分为症状组和无症状组。52例患者进行食管测压、24h食管pH监测、食管钡餐和(或)内镜检查。收集同期在消化内科门诊确诊的18例胃食管反流病(GERD)患者的食管测压、24h食管pH监测结果。结果:52例SSc患者中,无症状组17例、症状组35例。症状组皮肤改变中,手指皮肤硬化、指尖损害、毛细血管扩张发生率明显高于无症状组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。SSc患者症状组肺间质病变发生率高于无症状组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。SSc患者两组间抗核抗体(ANA)、抗着丝点抗体及抗Scl-70抗体差异均无统计学意义。SSc患者上消化道动力异常以上食管括约肌(UES)松弛率发生率最高,下食管括约肌(LES)压力降低发生率最低;3组间食管测压参数差异均无统计学意义。症状组24h食管pH监测DeMeester积分高于无症状组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。症状组食管钡餐结果阳性率高于无症状组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。SSc两组间胃镜结果阳性率差异无统计学意义。结论:SSc有或无上消化道症状者均存在食管动力及酸反流异常,有症状者尤为明显;对于长病程、临床出现手指皮肤硬化、指尖损害、毛细血管扩张、肺间质病变的SSc患者要警惕病变累及食管;DeMeester积分有利于早期诊断。     

内镜与X线下食管支架置入治疗食管癌性狭窄的临床对比

目的 评价食管癌置入带膜支架两种治疗方法的临床疗效、术后并发症及其特点.方法 回顾性分析2003年10月～2009年10月该院收治的食管癌性狭窄病例70例,49例行内镜置入支架,21例行X线下置入.考察两组置入方式的一次成功率、食管扩张效果、并发症等指标,并对两组患者的生存时间进行统计分析.结果 两组的一次性成功率均为100%,其中,X线下置入组16例术后出现胸骨后疼痛;有1例发生支架脱落;内镜置入组32例出现反流食管炎,两组患者的3个月生存率差异有显著性(P<0.05).结论 两种支架置入方式治疗食管癌性狭窄各有其优缺点,X线下支架置入治疗晚期食管癌性狭窄安全有效,方便快捷,但定位准确性较差;内镜置入组适合有合并症发生或食管明显狭窄的患者,应根据患者情况选择.     

自膨式带膜食管支架植入术治疗食管瘘（附13例报告）

目的评价自膨式带膜食管支架治疗食管瘘的临床应用价值，并探讨术后并发症处理方法。方法对13例不同原因引起的食管瘘患者，在X线电视监视下经口行带膜支架植入术。结果13例患者全部成功植入带膜支架，瘘口完全封闭，无支架本身引起的致死性并发症；8例合并食管狭窄者，支架植入后狭窄解除，恢复进食；肺部及纵隔感染者，支架植入后感染得以控制；术后患者有胸背部异物感及疼痛症状。结论自膨式带膜食管支架植入术治疗食管瘘是一种简单、安全、有效的方法。     

Radiographic evaluation of esophageal function

Radiologic studies can be helpful when evaluating patients who are suspected of having esophageal motility disorders. Performing studies of the highest technical quality yields the most definitive results. The esophagus should be assessed for anatomic and functional abnormalities that may account for presenting symptoms. Motility disorders such as achalasia and scleroderma have specific radiographic findings that are described in this article; however, some motility disorders of the esophagus have nonspecific radiographic findings. In those cases, it is imperative that clinical and manometric information be combined with radiographic findings to provide accurate diagnoses. The radiographic examinations that are most commonly used include barium esophagography and nuclear medicine examinations. This article emphasizes the use of barium examinations to assess esophageal motility.     

无痛胃镜下高分辨率食管测压电极导管置入在贲门失弛缓症中的临床应用

目的探讨无痛胃镜辅助下高分辨率食管测压(HRM)电极导管置入技术在贲门失弛缓症(AC)患者中的临床应用价值,同时通过分析麻醉中及苏醒后HRM数据的变化评估其在麻醉中连续实时监测的意义。方法回顾性分析该院2014年3月-2017年3月经无痛胃镜辅助下行HRM电极置入术的AC患者10例,实时监测患者在麻醉中及苏醒后的不同状态下HRM的检测数据,使用该中心20例健康志愿者常规HRM检测结果作为正常对照组,分别比较两种状态下反应食管胃连接部(EGJ)功能的参数变化情况[食管下括约肌压力(LESP)(包括呼吸最小值及呼吸平均值)和食管胃连接部收缩积分(EGJ-CI)]。结果入组10例AC患者。其中3例无法耐受常规测压电极导管插入失败;3例测压电极导管插入后证实电极打折或未能通过EGJ;4例术前内镜见食管扩张明显或食物潴留的患者直接选择此方法进行监测。全部病例均于无痛胃镜辅助下将电极成功置入,同时HRM实时监测证实电极成功通过EGJ。苏醒后常规行HRM监测,符合芝加哥分类标准3.0(CCv3.0)ACⅠ型4例,Ⅱ型6例。麻醉状态下测压参数LESP(呼吸最小值及呼吸平均值)及EGJ-CI明显低于苏醒后,差异均有统计学意义(P 0.01);麻醉状态下测压参数LESP呼吸最小值与正常对照组无明显差异(P0.05),但LESP呼吸平均值和EGJ-CI均较正常对照组低,差异均有统计学意义(13.1vs 18.8,P=0.012;26.2 vs 42.7,P=0.005);然而在苏醒状态下EGJ-CI及LESP呼吸最小值明显高于正常对照组,差异均有统计学意义(69.1 vs 42.7,P=0.000;20.4 vs 12.6,P=0.012),全部病例完整松弛压(IRP)均大于15 mmHg,明显高于对照组(23.0 vs 8.3,P=0.000)。结论对常规放置HRM电极导管困难的AC患者,无痛胃镜辅助下置入术是安全有效的,但HRM参数如LESP和EGJ-CI在麻醉状态下的监测对诊断和评估AC患者EGJ功能作用有限。     

内镜下套扎术联合奥曲肽治疗食管静脉曲张破裂出血41例临床观察

目的评价套扎术(EVL)联合奥曲肽治疗食管静脉曲张破裂出血的效果。方法对41例门脉高压食管静脉曲张破裂出血患者进行内镜下急诊套扎术联合奥曲肽治疗。结果 41例患者急诊止血39例,止血率95.1%。结论套扎术联合奥曲肽治疗食管静脉曲张破裂出血创伤小、作用迅速、操作简单、近期疗效肯定。     

对比高频超声与食管造影诊断新生儿先天性食管闭锁

目的 对比高频超声与食管造影诊断新生儿先天性食管闭锁（EA）的价值。方法 回顾性分析98例临床诊断EA患儿的术前食管高频超声及食管造影资料,分析术前食管造影及高频超声诊断结果与术中所见的一致性及相关性。结果 术中结果显示,98例EA中,3例Ⅰ型,31例ⅢA型,60例ⅢB型,4例Ⅴ型。食管造影诊断91例（92.86%,91/98）EA,仅对其中8例做出分型诊断;漏诊7例。高频超声诊断98例（100%）EA,3例Ⅰ型、27例ⅢA型、63例ⅢB型、1例Ⅳ型、4例Ⅴ型,且与术中结果的一致性较高（Kappa=0.78,P<0.01）,二者呈高度正相关（r_s=0.82,P<0.01）。高频超声测量ⅢA型、ⅢB型EA远、近侧盲端距离与术中结果差异均无统计学意义（t=-0.714、-0.675,P=0.478、0.501）。结论 高频超声能准确判断常见的Ⅲ型EA,相比食管造影更宜作为术前诊断EA的常规及首选检查方法。     

内镜下套扎术联合奥曲肽治疗食管静脉曲张破裂出血41例临床观察

目的评价套扎术(EVL)联合奥曲肽治疗食管静脉曲张破裂出血的治疗效果。方法对41例门静脉高压食管静脉曲张破裂出血患者进行内镜下急诊EVL联合奥曲肽治疗。结果 41例患者急诊止血39例,止血率95.1%。结论 EVL联合奥曲肽治疗食管静脉曲张破裂出血创伤小、作用迅速、操作简单、近期疗效肯定。     

The effect of glucagon on esophageal peristalsis and clearance

The effect of 0.5 mg intravenous glucagon on esophageal peristalsis and transit of water and barium was studied in nine healthy subjects by concurrent videofluoroscopy and manometry.Glucagon lowered manometric peristaltic amplitude in both mid- and distal esophagus. This reached significance (p=0.0075) in the distal 3 cm of the esophagus 2 min after the injection. The efficiency of esophageal stripping was also reduced (increased proximal escape on fluoroscopy), and became significant (p=0.05) at 2 min after the injection of glucagon.     

术中食管测压在外科治疗贲门失弛缓症中的应用

[目的]利用食管测压技术,监测贲门失弛缓症患者行改良Heller手术术前、术中、术后食管动力学的改变,探讨改良Heller手术的机制及疗效.[方法]对21例贲门失弛缓症患者行经腹改良Heller手术,对患者术前、术中、术后食管测压,术前、术后24 h pH值检测及术后并发症、远期疗效等进行观察.[结果]21例均手术顺利,无手术死亡,食管测压显示术后食管下括约肌压力（LESP）、吞咽后食管下括约肌松弛百分比等指标明显改善,术后随访19例,1例偶有进食不畅,优良率达94.7%.[结论]经腹改良Heller术在治疗贲门失弛缓症中机制合理,并发症少,疗效满意.附加抗反流术式是防止反流的有效措施.术中食管测压对提高手术疗效有一定的指导作用.     

125Ⅰ粒籽Ni-Ti合金支架治疗晚期食管癌临床疗效评价(附4例报告)

目的观察125Ⅰ Ni-Ti合金支架在中晚期食管癌中的临床疗效.方法4例恶性食管狭窄患者,予置入125Ⅰ Ni-Ti合金支架,比较手术前后体重、吞咽困难程度评分、血常规和卡氏评分,随访观察并发症等,作出临床疗效评价.结果手术前后吞咽困难分别是2.50±0.58、0.25±0.50,两者比较差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.001);手术前后体重(kg)分别是59.38±9.25、63.88±9.92,两者比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);手术前后血常规中白细胞计数、中性粒细胞和血小板计数比较差异无显著性(P＞0.05);卡氏评分分别为67.50±5.00、87.50±12.58,两者比较差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);随访3个月未发现严重并发症.结论125ⅠNi-Ti合金支架治疗中晚期食管癌,临床疗效较好,安全性较高.     

不同食管癌根治术对患者术后肺功能及炎性因子水平的影响

目的探讨食管癌患者采用胸腔镜辅助小切口食管癌切除术与传统开胸食管胃胸内吻合术对患者术后肺功能及炎性因子的影响。方法回顾性分析69例食管癌根治术患者病历资料,根据手术方法的不同分为胸腔镜组34例和开胸组35例,胸腔镜组患者实施胸腔镜辅助小切口食管癌切除术,开胸组患者经左后外侧开胸行传统的食管胃胸内吻合术治疗,于术后1个月测定两组患者肺功能,于术后1、3、5d测定两组患者外周血炎性因子表达水平。结果术后1个月,胸腔镜组患者术后肺功能指标均高于开胸组,其中肺活量占预计值百分比分别为(80.48±8.68)%、(75.25±7.33)%,用力呼气量占预计值的百分比分别为(78.20±7.35)%、(74.56±6.97)%,差异有统计学意义(t1=2.070,P=0.042;t2=2.111,P=0.039)。胸腔镜组肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)术后1、3、5d分别为(2.80±0.72)、(2.09±0.66)、(1.23±0.68)ng/mL,均明显低于开胸组患者(3.50±0.70)、(2.57±0.76)、(1.66±0.70)ng/mL,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。胸腔镜组IL-6、IL-10术后1、3d均明显低于开胸组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),两组不同时点IL-8差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论两种食管癌根治后患者肺功能均不同程度下降,胸腔镜辅助小切口食管癌根治术式对患者肺功能的影响小于传统开胸食管胃胸内吻合术式,且腔镜手术在降低术后炎性反应方面较传统开胸手术更具优势。     

球囊扩张术在小儿食道狭窄及贲门失弛缓中的应用分析

目的比较球囊扩张术(EBD)治疗小儿食道狭窄及贲门失弛缓的疗效,分析预后影响因素。方法 2012年1月-2014年12月共28例患儿纳入研究。其中,食道狭窄22例,贲门失弛缓6例,利用扩张球囊进行治疗。结果 28例患儿共接受57次球囊扩张术,随访12~36个月,28例全部成功。其中,23例患儿症状完全缓解(82.14%),4例患儿部分缓解(14.28%),1例无效(3.57%),1例复发(3.57%)。治疗成功率、有效率、并发症发生率及复发率两组患儿比较差异无统计学意义。食道狭窄患儿中,多个狭窄患儿并发症较单个狭窄患儿多,狭窄直径越小并发症越多,比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗效果与狭窄直径和狭窄个数显著相关(P0.05)。贲门失弛缓组患儿中,发病年龄及明确诊断前症状持续的时间均对EBD治疗效果没有显著影响。结论 EBD是小儿食道狭窄及贲门失弛缓安全有效的治疗手段;狭窄直径和狭窄个数是影响食道狭窄治疗效果最重要的因素,而第一次球囊扩张与食道闭锁手术之间的时间则是术后食道狭窄患儿最重要的影响因素。     

食管癌不同部位病灶的3D-CRT及IMRT治疗计划比较

目的比较调强放疗(IMRT)与三维适形放疗(3D-CRT)在食管癌放疗剂量学的差异。方法应用IMRT治疗计划系统治疗食管颈段与胸上、胸中段及胸下段癌患者各10例,分别采用3D-CRT及IMRT,比较2种计划PTV靶区各项参数及各项正常组织受照射体积、剂量、平均肺受量(MLD)及正常组织并发症概率(NTCP)。结果颈段及胸上段组,靶区适形度指数(CI)及靶区计划体积(PTV)剂量学比较,差异有统计学意义。胸中段组,IMRT较3D-CRT在CI、靶区剂量不均匀指数(HI)、肺组织保护方面的优势明显,差异有统计学意义。胸下段组,靶区CI、PTV剂量学及HI的比较,差异有统计学意义。结论 3种不同部位的食管癌中,IMRT的靶区CI明显优于3D-CRT;胸中、下段癌的HI,IMRT明显优于3D-CRT;食管颈段及胸上段癌、胸下段癌在肺及脊髓保护方面,IMRT未见明显优于3D-CRT;食管胸中段癌,IMRT的肺组织保护明显优于3D-CRT,但在脊髓及心脏保护方面无明显优势。     

Distal esophageal spasm: Update on diagnosis and management in the era of high-resolution manometry

Distal esophageal spasm(DES)is a rare major motility disorder in the Chicago classification of esophageal motility disorders(CC).DES is diagnosed by finding of≥20%premature contractions,with normal lower esophageal sphincter(LES)relaxation on high-resolution manometry(HRM)in the latest version of CCv3.0.This feature differentiates it from achalasia type 3,which has an elevated LES relaxation pressure.Like other spastic esophageal disorders,DES has been linked to conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease,psychiatric conditions,and narcotic use.In addition to HRM,ancillary tests such as endoscopy and barium esophagram can provide supplemental information to differentiate DES from other conditions.Functional lumen imaging probe(FLIP),a new cutting-edge diagnostic tool,is able to recognize abnormal LES dysfunction that can be missed by HRM and can further guide LES targeted treatment when esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction is diagnosed on FLIP.Medical treatment in DES mostly targets symptomatic relief and often fails.Botulinum toxin injection during endoscopy may provide a temporary therapy that wears off over time.Myotomy through peroral endoscopic myotomy or via surgical Heller myotomy can provide long term relief in cases with persistent symptoms.     

Minimally invasive surgery for esophageal cancer after esophageal perforation

Both esophageal rupture and esophageal cancer are life‐threatening diseases. We report a case of esophageal cancer that occurred after esophageal rupture was treated with thoracoscopic and laparoscopic surgery. A 76‐year‐old man presented with vomiting followed by epigastric pain and was diagnosed with spontaneous esophageal rupture. Laparoscopic and thoracoscopic surgery were performed. Primary closure was completed with a fundic patch, and thoracic lavage was performed. Ten months later, his condition was diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma of the abdominal esophagus. He underwent thoracoscopic esophageal resection in the prone position, and a gastric conduit was created laparoscopically. The pathological finding was superficial esophageal carcinoma without lymph node metastasis. The patient's postoperative course was uneventful, and there was no recurrence at 21 months of follow‐up.     

Thoracoscopic intraoperative esophageal close technique for long-gap esophageal atresia

Long-gap esophageal atresia (EA) remains a challenging operative procedure. Several techniques have been reported to resolve the problem of distance between the proximal and distal esophagus. We report a thoracoscopic intraoperative esophageal close technique for long-gap EA. A female neonate was born at 39 weeks of gestation with long-gap EA (five vertebrae). The patient underwent thoracoscopic esophageal anastomosis after esophageal elongation. Careful dissection of the proximal and distal esophagus was performed; however, the distance between them was still long. Extra-thoracic traction sutures were placed at the upper esophagus. Then, a Neraton catheter was inserted trans-orally and the upper esophagus was pushed and opened. An internal traction suture was placed between the Neraton catheter and lower esophagus. The gap between the proximal and distal esophagus could be approximated by pulling the Neraton catheter. Esophageal anastomosis was performed successfully. Our thoracoscopic intraoperative esophageal close technique was simple and useful.