静息状态下未服药首发重性抑郁症患者杏仁核功能连接的研究

目的:采用静息态功能磁共振技术,探讨静息状态下未服药首发重性抑郁症患者杏仁核功能连接的异常改变。方法:对32例未服药首发重性抑郁症患者及35例健康对照者进行静息态功能磁共振成像扫描。以双侧杏儿核为感兴趣区,分别进行静息态脑功能连接分析。结果:与健康对照组相比,首发重性抑郁症患者左侧杏仁核与左侧眶额皮层的功能连接显著减弱。结论:情感网络中眶额皮层-杏仁核功能连接的异常可能是重性抑郁症的一个重要神经病理机制。     

基于脑网络组图谱的首发-未服药抑郁症白质结构网络研究

使用图论的分析方法对首发-未服药抑郁症（MDD）的扩散磁共振数据进行分析,探讨其白质结构网络变化。结果显示相较于健康对照组,MDD患者的网络节点拓扑属性受到了破坏,主要位于双侧海马旁回、双侧基底节、双侧顶下小叶、左侧中央后回、左侧中央旁小叶、右侧颞中回、右侧顶上小叶、右侧岛叶、右侧枕叶皮层腹中部、右侧扣带回以及右侧丘脑。进一步的相关分析结果表明,MDD患者的右侧顶上小叶、右侧岛叶的节点介数与病程呈正相关,右侧丘脑、左侧海马旁回的节点介数,左侧海马旁回、右侧顶下小叶的节点度与汉密尔顿的抑郁得分呈显著正相关。     

基于区域的抑郁症默认网络内部功能连接研究

目的:探讨静息状态下首发重性抑郁症默认网络内部各节点间功能连接状况。方法:采集31例首发重性抑郁症患者、33例健康对照静息态功能磁共振数据,以后扣带回为种子点进行基于体素的时间相关分析,得到默认网络的关键节点。采用基于区域连接的方法分析默认网络内各节点间功能连接系数。结果:与正常对照组比较,抑郁症患者默认网络背内侧前额叶与后扣带回、右顶下小叶功能连接降低,左顶下小叶与右侧海马结构功能连接降低。结论:抑郁症默认网络内部各节点之间功能连接存在异常,这可能是抑郁症的核心病生理特征。     

抑郁症静息态下注意网络功能连接的病例对照研究

目的:利用功能性核磁共振成像(fMRI)技术,观察静息态下抑郁症注意网络的功能连接。方法:26例符合中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准(第三版)(CCMD-3)单相抑郁症诊断标准,同时符合美国《精神障碍诊断与统计学手册》第四版(DSM-IV)重性抑郁诊断标准抑郁症住院患者及25名年龄、受教育年限匹配的健康对照者参与了静息态fMRI扫描。分别分析抑郁症患者前、后注意网络内区域相互之间低频fMRI信号波动的相关性,以观察抑郁症注意网络的功能连接。结果:与对照组相比,抑郁组双侧前扣带回与丘脑[左侧Z分:(0.58±0.10)vs.(0.64±0.06),P=0.012;右侧Z分:(0.53±0.13)vs.(0.61±0.13),P=0.025]、双侧基底神经节与丘脑[左侧Z分:(0.66±0.07)vs.(0.70±0.05),P=0.043,右侧Z分:(0.64±0.07)vs.(0.71±0.07),P=0.002]、左侧额叶皮层与前扣带回[Z分:(0.51±0.16)vs.(0.63±0.12),P=0.003]、左侧额叶皮层与基底神经节[Z分:(0.59±0.07)vs.(0.65±0.11),P=0.029]、右侧辅助运动区与基底神经节[Z分:(0.57±0.11)vs.(0.64±0.11),P=0.024]、右侧前扣带回与辅助运动区[Z分:(0.54±0.10)vs.(0.61±0.11),P=0.043]、右侧额叶皮层与辅助运动区的功能连接减低[Z分:(0.64±0.10)vs.(0.70±0.10),P=0.028]。结论:静息态抑郁症患者注意网络的功能连接存在异常,可能与抑郁症患者认知功能损害,尤其是注意力下降有关。     

癫痫患者默认网络的静息态功能磁共振成像研究

目的:分析癫痫患者静息态fMRI下默认网络及其潜在结构的变化.方法:对15名临床诊断为原发全身强直痉挛癫痫患者和20名正常志愿者静息态时的fMRI数据进行独立成分分析,依据空间最佳匹配原则挑选独立成分,研究正常被试和癫痫患者的默认网络差异,并选定默认网络中11个脑区构建功能连接网络,运用图论和聚类方法探讨其潜在结构的改变.结果:与正常对照组相比,患者组默认网络的脑区激活普遍下降,功能连接网络发生明显变化,且整个网络呈现出混乱的层次化结构.结论:静息态下癫痫患者的默认网络及潜在的层次化结构发生异常.     

静息态脑功能成像评价夜磨牙者的大脑默认网络

背景：夜磨牙是常见的一种口腔副功能,但是其病因现在尚不明确。通过很多对夜磨牙患者进行心理调查问卷发现,夜磨牙与心理因素有关,但是二者之间的具体联系与机制并不清晰。目的：分析夜磨牙患者大脑默认网络的改变,探讨夜磨牙患者静息态脑网络状态。方法：自2018年11月至2019年5月对20名经多导睡眠监测确诊的夜磨牙患者(夜磨牙组)及20名年龄、性别、受教育年限相匹配的无症状志愿者(对照组),在夜间20：00至23：00点采用3.0T核磁共振扫描仪行静息态脑功能磁共振成像检查,采用独立成分分析方法分离静息态脑网络,提取默认网络的成分进行统计学分析,首先使用单样本t 检验制作网络成分模板,然后使用双样本t 检验进行默认网络成分的比较。结果与结论：夜磨牙组楔前叶默认网络内功能连接较对照组减弱,差异有显著性意义(t=-3.319,P < 0.05),提示夜磨牙患者大脑静息态时默认网络存在异常。https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0911-8913 (靖慧敏) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程     

默认模式网络在精神疾病诊断中的研究进展

脑影像技术的发展为探究精神类疾病的发病成因及治疗方案提供了更多途径。默认模式网络（DMN）是大脑静息状态下的主要工作模式。本研究综述近期精神疾病的DMN研究进展,明确了DMN的结构,总结主流的磁共振数据预处理工具箱以及与DMN相关的功能连接计算方法,进而分析利用DMN功能连接研究各类精神疾病的结果。最后提出现有研究中的结果与不足,并展望未来可能的研究方向。     

抑郁症的静息态脑功能磁共振研究

本研究的目的是研究抑郁症患者与健康人静息态脑功能的差别。对符合DSM-IV诊断标准的53例抑郁症患者和38例正常对照进行静息态功能磁共振扫描,采用局部一致性(regional homogeneity,ReHo)的方法分析数据,然后进行基于体素的组间比较,分析其静息态脑功能的差异。结果显示与正常组相比,抑郁组在双侧前扣带皮质(anterior cingulate cortex,ACC)、左侧内侧前额叶皮质、左侧颞中回均有ReHo值降低。ACC位置ReHo值显著降低提示抑郁症患者在前扣带皮质及其相邻部位自发神经活动异常。     

fMRI颞叶癫痫默认模式网络的研究

许多功能磁共振研究已经发现人脑的一些皮层区域在静息状态下出现共激活,这些区域形成连通的功能网络,称为"默认模式网络".本文研究颞叶癫痫患者的默认模式网络,运用独立成分分析(Independent component analysis)分离出12例颞叶癫痫患者和12例正常对照的默认模式网络,进行组内分析得到两组被试的统计图,进行组间分析比较两组被试的默认模式网络的差异.结果 表明默认模式网络均存在于颞叶癫痫患者和正常对照中,然而,在默认模式包含的网络中,颞叶癫痫患者前扣带回腹侧(ventral anterior cingulated cortex,vACC)、前额中分(medial prefrontal cortex,MPFC)、楔前叶(precuneus)、以及海马旁回区域比正常对照表现出代谢增强.这一结果有助于从脑功能的角度了解癫痫患者某些临床症状的发病机理,为今后癫痫诊治的发展提供一定的帮助.     

静息态脑功能网络的小世界属性研究

人脑是一个复杂的网络,不同的功能区域相互作用、相互协调。本文综述了静息态脑功能网络的小世界属性研究方法,首先介绍了基于图论的复杂网络模型的基本概念和特征度量,然后介绍了基于功能磁共振成像数据构建脑功能网络的方法,最后分析了构建的脑功能网络的小世界属性。     

Dissociation of regional activity in the default mode network in first-episode,drug-naive major depressive disorder at rest

Background

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with altered neural activity in the default mode network (DMN). In the present study, we used a fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) approach to directly investigate the features of spontaneous brain activity of the DMN in patients with the first-episode, drug-naive MDD at rest.

Methods

Twenty-four first-episode, drug-naive patients with MDD and 24 age-, gender-, and education-matched healthy subjects participated in the study. The fALFF and independent component analysis (ICA) approaches were utilized to analyze the data.

Results

Patients with MDD exhibited a dissociation pattern of resting-state fALFF in the DMN, with increased fALFF in the left dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and decreased fALFF in the left parahippocampal gyrus (PHG). The increased fALFF values of the left dorsal MPFC were positively correlated to the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) scores.

Conclusions

Our results first suggested that there was a dissociation pattern of resting-state fALFF in the DMN in patient with MDD, which highlighted the importance of the DMN in the pathogenesis of MDD.     

Diagnostic power of default mode network resting state fMRI in the detection of Alzheimer's disease

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of default mode network (DMN) brain activity during resting is recently gaining attention as a potential noninvasive biomarker to diagnose incipient Alzheimer's disease. The aim of this study was to determine which method of data processing provides highest diagnostic power and to define metrics to further optimize the diagnostic value. fMRI was acquired in 21 healthy subjects, 17 subjects with mild cognitive impairment and 15 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and data evaluated both with volumes of interest (VOI)-based signal time course evaluations and independent component analyses (ICA). The first approach determines the amount of DMN region interconnectivity (as expressed with correlation coefficients); the second method determines the magnitude of DMN coactivation. Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotyping was available in 41 of the subjects examined. Diagnostic power (expressed as accuracy) of data of a single DMN region in independent component analyses was 64%, that of a single correlation of time courses between 2 DMN regions was 71%, respectively. With multivariate analyses combining both methods of analysis and data from various regions, accuracy could be increased to 97% (sensitivity 100%, specificity 95%). In nondemented subjects, no significant differences in activity within DMN could be detected comparing ApoE ε4 allele carriers and ApoE ε4 allele noncarriers. However, there were some indications that fMRI might yield useful information given a larger sample. Time course correlation analyses seem to outperform independent component analyses in the identification of patients with Alzheimer's disease. However, multivariate analyses combining both methods of analysis by considering the activity of various parts of the DMN as well as the interconnectivity between these regions are required to achieve optimal and clinically acceptable diagnostic power.     

Effect of scanner acoustic background noise on strict resting-state fMRI

Functional MRI (fMRI) resting-state experiments are aimed at identifying brain networks that support basal brain function. Although most investigators consider a ‘resting-state’ fMRI experiment with no specific external stimulation, subjects are unavoidably under heavy acoustic noise produced by the equipment. In the present study, we evaluated the influence of auditory input on the resting-state networks (RSNs). Twenty-two healthy subjects were scanned using two similar echo-planar imaging sequences in the same 3T MRI scanner: a default pulse sequence and a reduced “silent” pulse sequence. Experimental sessions consisted of two consecutive 7-min runs with noise conditions (default or silent) counterbalanced across subjects. A self-organizing group independent component analysis was applied to fMRI data in order to recognize the RSNs. The insula, left middle frontal gyrus and right precentral and left inferior parietal lobules showed significant differences in the voxel-wise comparison between RSNs depending on noise condition. In the presence of low-level noise, these areas Granger-cause oscillations in RSNs with cognitive implications (dorsal attention and entorhinal), while during high noise acquisition, these connectivities are reduced or inverted. Applying low noise MR acquisitions in research may allow the detection of subtle differences of the RSNs, with implications in experimental planning for resting-state studies, data analysis, and ergonomic factors.     

遭受多重侵害高职高专女生静息态脑功能局部一致性的研究

目的:探讨遭受多重侵害的高职高专女生静息态脑功能磁共振特点。方法:15名遭受多重侵害无创伤后应激症状被试(PV无PTSS组)、15名多重侵害有创伤后应激症状被试(PV有PTSS组)和15名正常对照接受静息态脑功能扫描。采用SPM8和静息态功能磁共振数据处理工具包分别进行数据预处理和ReHo分析。结果:静息状态下,与对照组相比,PV无PTSS组左侧额下回、左右额内侧回、右侧中央后回、左侧梭状回、左右海马旁回、右侧扣带回、左右豆状核和右侧岛叶的ReHo值降低;左右额上回、左右额中回、左右额下回、左右顶下小叶、左右楔前叶、左右颞上回、左侧颞横回、左右颞中回、右侧舌回和右侧扣带后回的ReHo值升高。与PV有PTSS组相比,PV无PTSS组在右侧额中回和额下回、左侧楔前叶、左侧舌回、左右海马旁回、左侧扣带回和左侧豆状核ReHo值降低;在左右额上回、左右额中回、左侧额内侧回、右侧中央后回、左侧缘上回、左右顶下小叶、左侧梭状回和左侧尾状核ReHo值升高。结论:遭受多重侵害但无创伤后应激症状的高职高专女生在静息状态下脑默认网络以及岛叶、基底神经节、海马旁回存在局部一致性信号异常,这些脑区异常可能为遭受多重侵害导致精神障碍的发病机制提供重要线索。     

Changes in resting connectivity with age: a simultaneous electroencephalogram and functional magnetic resonance imaging investigation

Resting fluctuations in the blood oxygenation level-dependent signal have attracted considerable interest for their sensitivity to pathological brain processes. However, these analyses are susceptible to confound by nonneural physiological factors such as vasculature, breathing, and head movement which is a concern when investigating elderly or pathological groups. Here, we used simultaneous electroencephalogram (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) (EEG/fMRI) to constrain the analysis of resting state networks (RSNs) and identify aging differences. Four of 26 RSNs showed fMRI and EEG/fMRI group differences; anterior default-mode network, left frontal-parietal network, bilateral middle frontal, and postcentral gyri. Seven RSNs showed only EEG/fMRI differences suggesting the combination of these 2 methods might be more sensitive to age-related neural changes than fMRI alone. Five RSNs showed only fMRI differences and might reflect nonneural group differences. Activity within some EEG/fMRI RSNs was better explained by neuropsychological measures (Mini Mental State Examination and Stroop) than age. These results support previous studies suggesting that age-related changes in specific RSNs are neural in origin, and show that changes in some RSNs relate better to elderly cognition than age.     

Functional connectivity in fronto-subcortical circuitry during the resting state in obsessive-compulsive disorder

Obsessions and compulsions mediated by cognitive inflexibility might be associated with abnormal resting state functional connectivity in the default mode network (DMN) that represents intrinsically generated neuronal activity. It was hypothesized that decreased functional connectivity in the DMN would occur in components of fronto-subcortical circuits in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Twenty-two unmedicated OCD patients and 22 age- and sex-matched healthy controls received resting state functional scanning runs. The posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) region was chosen as the seed region for the connectivity analysis. Correlations between temporal connectivity with the seed region and scores on clinical measures and obsessive-compulsive symptom dimensions were also assessed. OCD patients demonstrated less functional connectivity within the DMN in the anterior cingulate cortex, middle frontal gyrus, and putamen compared to controls. The functional connectivity to the PCC seed region in OCD patients was in the direction opposite to that in the prefrontal areas with regard to scores on cleaning and obsessions/checking dimensions of OCD. These data provide evidence for fronto-subcortical dysfunction in OCD. Results from this study also support the notion that OCD is a heterogeneous disorder mediated by distinct circuits.     

Aberrant spontaneous low-frequency brain activity in amnestic mild cognitive impairment: A meta-analysis of resting-state fMRI studies

Recent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) studies have provided strong evidence of abnormal spontaneous brain activity in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). However, the conclusions have been inconsistent. A meta-analysis of whole-brain rs-fMRI studies that measured differences in the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) between aMCI patients and healthy controls was conducted using the Seed-based d Mapping software package. Twelve studies reporting 14 datasets were included in the meta-analysis. Compared to healthy controls, patients with aMCI showed decreased ALFFs in the bilateral precuneus/posterior cingulate cortices, bilateral frontoinsular cortices, left occipitotemporal cortex, and right supramarginal gyrus and increased ALFFs in the right lingual gyrus, left middle occipital gyrus, left hippocampus, and left inferior temporal gyrus. A meta-regression analysis demonstrated that the increased severity of cognitive impairment in aMCI patients was associated with greater decreases in ALFFs in the cuneus/precuneus cortices. Our comprehensive meta-analysis suggests that aMCI is associated with widespread aberrant regional spontaneous brain activity, predominantly involving the default mode, salience, and visual networks, which contributes to understanding its pathophysiology.     

Interaction between aging and neurodegeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

We assessed the spontaneous blood-oxygen-level-dependent signal fluctuations in the resting-state brain networks of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients and their relation to physiologically sensitive and disease modified functional magnetic resonance imaging parameters.     

ICA在视觉诱发电位的少次提取与波形分析中的应用

本文提出一种基于扩展的独立分量分析 (ICA)算法的视觉诱发响应少次提取方法。经与目前临床通用的相干平均法比较 ,只经三次平均 ,在波形整体和P10 0潜伏期的提取上 ,效果显著 ,获得医师欢迎 ,很有进一步开发潜力。