西部高校大学生乐观与心理健康:应激的调节作用

目的:探讨西部高校大学生的乐观、心理健康与应激的作用机制。方法:采用自编的大学生乐观量表、抑郁-焦虑-应激自评量表简版、生活满意度量表与积极情绪量表为研究工具,对西部4所高校的1027名大学生进行问卷调查。结果:1应激对乐观倾向和悲观倾向与抑郁之间的关系具有显著的调节作用(β=-0.138,P0.01;β=0.199,P0.001),但对自我效能乐观的调节作用不显著(P0.05);2应激对悲观倾向与焦虑之间的关系具有显著的调节作用(β=0.088,P0.01),但对乐观倾向和自我效能乐观的调节作用不显著(P0.05);3应激在自我效能乐观和生活满意度关系间起到显著的调节作用(β=0.503,P0.01),但对乐观倾向和悲观倾向的调节作用不显著(P0.05);4应激在悲观倾向和积极情绪关系间起到显著的调节作用(β=0.137,P0.05),但对乐观倾向和自我效能乐观的调节作用不显著(P0.05)。结论:西部高校大学生乐观与心理健康有着密切的相关,而应激可以发挥有效的调节作用。     

情绪智力、自我领导与大学生压力应对方式的关系:积极情感与自我效能感的中介作用

目的:探讨情绪智力和自我领导对大学压力应对方式影响中积极情绪与自我效能感的中介作用。方法:对575名大学生施测情绪智力量表、自我领导量表、积极情绪量表、自我效能感量表与压力应对方式量表。结果:1积极应对方式与情绪智力、自我领导、自我效能感、积极情绪呈显著正相关;2自我效能感是情绪智力与积极应对关系之间的完全中介变量,自我领导方式对积极应对直接效应显著。结论:情绪智力与自我领导对积极应对具有显著预测作用。自我效能感在情绪智力与积极应对关系之间具有中介作用。     

大学生人格特征与情绪应对策略的关系

目的探讨大学生的人格特征与情绪应对策略之间的关系。方法采用大学生情绪应对策略问卷、人格五因素问卷、控制源测量问卷、生活定向测验和应对效能量表,对612名在校大学生进行测量。结果 1相关分析表明,5个人格变量与积极情绪的调节和情绪加工都有显著的相关(r=0.145~0.446,P0.01),神经质、外倾性与情绪表达存在显著相关(r=0.193,0.282;P0.01),神经质、外控性、乐观倾向与消极情绪的调节存在显著相关(r=0.183~0.261,P0.01);2多元逐步回归分析表明,神经质对情绪表达和消极情绪的调节具有显著预测作用(β=0.263、0.299,P0.001),外倾性对4种情绪应对策略均有显著预测作用(β=0.094~0.444,P0.001),控制源、乐观倾向对积极情绪的调节和消极情绪的调节都有显著预测作用(β=0.079~0.217,P0.001),应对效能则可以显著地预测积极情绪的调节、情绪加工和情绪表达策略(β=-0.089~0.314,P0.001)。结论大学生的人格特征对情绪应对策略有不同程度和方向的影响。     

认知倾向在大学生压力与负性情绪关系中的中介作用

目的:探讨认知倾向在大学生压力与负性情绪之间的中介作用.方法:采用压力感问卷、流调中心用抑郁问卷(CES-D)、状态焦虑问卷(STAI)和认知倾向问卷对391名大学生进行测查.结果:(1)压力与负性情绪关系密切,但存在明显的个体差异;(2)无论压力情境如何,持有乐观认知倾向的个体比持有悲观认知倾向的个体较少体验到抑郁、焦虑.其中,在较高压力情境下悲观倾向组的抑郁、焦虑体验最多,而在较低压力情境下乐观倾向组的抑郁、焦虑体验最少;(3)回归分析表明,认知倾向在压力与负性情绪的关系中发挥了显著的调节作用;(4)在较低压力情境下,认知倾向在负性情绪的性别差异中起着重要的调节作用.结论:认知倾向作为一种内在资源,在大学生压力与负性情绪关系中发挥着重要的中介作用.预防和矫治负性情绪,应重视帮助个体建构积极乐观的认知倾向.     

压力性生活事件对大学生生活满意度的影响:链式多重中介模型

目的:探讨核心自我评价和情绪调节自我效能感在压力性生活事件与大学生生活满意度间的中介作用。方法:采用压力性生活事件量表(ASLEC)、核心自我评价量表(CSES)、情绪调节自我效能感量表(RESE)及生活满意度量表(SWLS),以522名大学生为被试,使用Mplus7.0建立结构方程模型,检验压力性生活事件、核心自我评价、情绪调节自我效能感与生活满意度间的关系。结果:(1)压力性生活事件、核心自我评价、情绪调节自我效能感和生活满意度四个变量均显著相关;(2)核心自我评价在压力性生活事件与生活满意度间起中介作用;(3)情绪调节自我效能感在压力性生活事件与生活满意度间起中介作用;(4)核心自我评价与情绪调节自我效能感在压力性生活事件与生活满意度间起链式多重中介作用。结论:压力性生活事件可以直接影响也可以通过核心自我评价和情绪调节自我效能感影响生活满意度。     

大学生外倾性与生活满意度的关系:情绪和自尊的链式中介作用

目的:探讨大学生外倾性、积极情绪、消极情绪、自尊和生活满意度之间的关系。方法:采用简式大五人格量表的外倾性分量表、积极和消极情感量表、Rosenberg自尊量表和生活满意度量表对348名大学生进行调查。结果:①相关分析显示,外倾性、积极情绪、自尊和生活满意度两两显著正相关;外倾性、自尊和生活满意度与消极情绪显著负相关。②结构方程模型分析表明,外倾性不仅直接影响个体的生活满意度,而且还通过自尊的中介作用与积极情绪-自尊中介链和消极情绪-自尊中介链的中介作用对生活满意度产生间接效应。结论:外倾性既通过直接路径,也通过自尊的中介作用和情绪-自尊的链式中介作用等间接路径影响个体的生活满意度。     

内外向与神经质在大学生乐观-悲观倾向与抑郁关系的中介作用

目的:探讨大学生的乐观、悲观倾向、人格及抑郁情绪之间的内在作用机制。方法:以540名大学生为研究对象,采用乐观-悲观量表中文版(OPS-C)、艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)、抑郁自评量表(SDS),对乐观-悲观倾向、人格特质及抑郁情绪之间的关系进行模型设定和验证。结果:乐观-悲观倾向的明显乐观、明显悲观、倾向不明显和双重倾向四种类型的抑郁总分、人格维度得分差异显著(F=52.31,P<0.01)。乐观、悲观倾向通过人格特质影响抑郁情绪的模型拟合指数为:χ2/df为2.64,NFI为0.97,CFI为0.98,GFI为0.99,AGFI为0.94,TLI为0.93,RMSEA为0.06。结论:乐观倾向与抑郁显著负相关,悲观倾向与抑郁显著正相关。内-外向(E)、神经质(N)人格维度可能是乐观-悲观倾向和抑郁情绪之间的一个重要的中介变量。     

大学生人格影响幸福感的机制 核心自我评价与社会支持的作用

探讨核心自我评价和社会支持在大学生的人格特质作用于主观幸福感的影响机制,本研究采用埃森克简易量表、核心自我评价量表、领悟性社会支持量表、主观幸福感量表对500名大学生进行调查。结果发现:①人格的外倾性特质显著的正向预测大学生的主观幸福感、生活满意度和积极情绪;神经质特质显著的负向预测大学生的主观幸福感、生活满意度和积极情绪,显著地正向预测消极情绪;②核心自我评价和社会支持在外倾性特质预测幸福感的作用中起部分中介作用;核心自我评价和社会支持在神经质预测幸福感的作用中起完全中介作用。本研究结果表明,高校心理健康教育和心理咨询工作中,要重视提高自我核心评价能力和领悟社会支持能力,特别是针对神经质特质大学生,提高核心自我评价,既提高他们自信、自尊、自我效能感、自立等能力和领悟社会支持的能力有助于提高他们生活满意度、积极情绪、主观幸福感以及促进心理健康水平的有效途径。     

西部大学生乐观与心理健康的关系:社会文化适应的调节作用

目的:探讨中国西部大学生的乐观对心理健康的影响,以及社会文化适应的调节作用。方法:采用自编的大学生乐观量表、抑郁-焦虑-应激自评量表简版、生活满意度量表与积极情绪量表,对西部4所高校的1027名大学生进行问卷调查。结果:(1)社会文化适应对西部大学生的自我效能乐观和抑郁关系间具有调节作用(β=0.193,P0.01);(2)社会文化适应对西部大学生的自我效能乐观和生活满意度关系间具有调节作用(β=0.286,P0.01);(3)社会文化适应对西部大学生的乐观和积极情绪关系间的调节作用不显著(P0.05)。结论:西部大学生的乐观与心理健康二者之间相关显著,社会文化适应显著的调节自我效能乐观对西部大学生抑郁与生活满意度的影响。     

高职生大五人格与生活满意度:情绪调节效能感的中介作用

目的探讨高职生大五人格与生活满意度的关系,检验情绪调节自我效能感在其中的中介作用,为改善高职生心理健康教育提供依据。方法采用大五人格量表,生活满意度量表和情绪调节自我效能感量表(修订版),对分层整群抽取的575名高职生进行问卷调查。结果 1神经质、外倾性、宜人性、责任心与情绪调节自我效能感、生活满意度显著相关(P0.01);2表达积极情绪效能感、管理消极情绪效能感、外倾性、责任心、宜人性(β=0.16,0.18,0.25,0.25,0.18;P0.01)可有效预测个体的生活满意度;3外倾性、责任心和宜人性对生活满意度的影响部分是通过情绪调节自我效能感为中介的。结论高职生人格特质不仅直接影响生活满意度,还会间接通过情绪调节自我效能感发挥作用。     

纳米水平分子成像与诊疗一体化研究进展与挑战

分子成像能以非侵入性的方式重现活体细胞的生理功能和生物学过程,提高疾病的早期和特异性诊断水平。纳米颗粒/材料具有物理性质可控性高、易于表面修饰、血液循环时间长和可功能化等优点,在疾病诊断与治疗中显示出巨大潜力。但如何阐明纳米材料多功能间的内在联系、解决其代谢及安全性等关键机制难题、实现纳米颗粒/材料多功能性到临床多功能...     

Alterations of regular and mature monocytes are distinct,and dependent of intensity and duration of exercise

Circulating monocytes comprise functionally distinct regular (CD14^bright+) and mature (CD141^low+) cells. Cell surface receptors were determined by three colour flow cytometry in 8 healthy control subjects. Compared to regular monocytes, mature monocytes had lower levels of the high affinity Fcy receptor 1 (CD64), complement receptor 3 (CDllb), CD45RO and higher levels for HLA-DR, LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18), interleukin-2 receptor (CD25), CD45RA and the Fc receptor 3 (CD16). Both regular and mature monocytes were measured before and up to three hours after four different types of exercise (Ex) in endurance trained athletes (n=9-16). Immediately after anaerobic exercise of I min with a maximal lactate concentration (la_max) of I2.3 (SD I.4) mmol · l^–1 and exhaustive exercise of 24 (SD 8) min with a maximal lactate concentration (la_max) of 7.4 (SD 2.6) mmol· l^–1 mature monocytes increased more than regular monocytes. Exhaustive endurance exercise of 87 (SD 21) min [la_max 3.7 (SD I.0)] led to a similar increase of regular and mature monocytes. 15–33 min after a 100km run regular monocytes increased significantly, whereas mature monocytes decreased. Up to three hours after the end of all exercises mature monocytes fell below pre-exercise values. In conclusion, duration and intensity of exercise alter distinct maturation stages of monocytes differently. It is probable that the avidity of adhesion molecules like LFA-1 to their endothelial ligands is increased to enable the firm attachment to the endothelium.     

Association between functional alterations of senescence and senility and disorders of gait and balance

OBJECTIVES:

Declines in cognition and mobility are frequently observed in the elderly, and it has been suggested that the appearance of gait disorders in older individuals may constitute a marker of cognitive decline that precedes significant findings in functional performance screening tests. This study sought to evaluate the relationship between functional capacities and gait and balance in an elderly community monitored by the Preventive and Integrated Care Unit of the Hospital Adventista Silvestre in Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

METHODS:

Elderly individuals (193 females and 90 males) were submitted to a broad geriatric evaluation, which included the following tests: 1) a performance-oriented mobility assessment (POMA) to evaluate gait; 2) a mini-mental state examination (MMSE); 3) the use of Katz and Lawton scales to assess functional capacity; 4) the application of the geriatric depression scale (GDS); and 5) a mini-nutritional assessment (MNA) scale.

RESULTS:

Reductions in MMSE, Katz and Lawton scores were associated with reductions in POMA scores, and we also observed that significant reductions in POMA scores were present in persons for whom the MMSE and Katz scores did not clearly indicate cognitive dysfunction. We also demonstrated that a decline in the scores obtained with the GDS and MNA scales was associated with a decline in the POMA scores.

CONCLUSIONS:

Considering that significant alterations in the POMA scores were observed prior to the identification of significant alterations in cognitive capacity using either the MMSE or the Katz systems, a prospective study seems warranted to assess the predictive capacity of POMA scores regarding the associated decline in functional capacity.     

Triptorelin and cetrorelix induce immune responses and affect uterine development and expressions of genes and proteins of ESR1, LHR,and FSHR of mice

Context: GnRH immunity can reduce the expression of pituitary GnRH levels, and cause the changes in reproductive behaviors. It is unclear whether triptorelin (TRI) and cetrorelix (CET) immunity influences uterine development and expression of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR), and estradiol receptor 1 (ERS1) in the uterus.

Objective: The study investigated the effects of active immunity of GnRH agonist and antagonist on uterine development, microstructures, expression of hormone receptors mRNAs, and proteins in uteri.

Materials and methods: One hundred and five mice were assigned into CET, TRI, and control groups (CG). Mice in CET-1, CET-2, and CET-3 (n?=?15) were subcutaneously injected with 10, 20, and 40?μg CET antigens for seven days, respectively. Mice in TRI-1, TRI-2, and TRI-3 were injected with 10, 20, and 40?μg TRI antigens for seven days, respectively. The qPCR and Western blot were implemented to determine expressions of ESR1, LHR and FSHR mRNAs, and proteins.

Results: Compared with CG, the uterine weights of CET-1, CET-2, and CET-3 increased by 42.86, 62.86, and 10.00% on day 35 (p?p?p?p?p?Conclusions: CET immunity promoted the uterine development, improved EET and UWT, and also promoted the expressions of ESR1 and FSHR protein levels. It lessened the LHR protein levels. TRI immunity blocked EET and UWT, inhibited uterine growth and development. The efficacy of CET immunity was more obvious than TRI.     

韧带和肌腱的生物力学和力学生物学研究

国际韧带和肌腱研讨会(The International Symposium on Ligaments and Tendons,ISI&T)于2000年在美国佛罗里达州奥兰多市首次召开。研讨会的宗旨是引起对韧带和肌腱研究的重视,并为生物工程师、生物学家、临床医师提供一个可以分享、评论、讨论韧带和肌腱最新研究成果的论坛。从2000年起,国际韧带和肌腱研讨会已经开展了15届;每届研讨会上涌现了大量令人振奋的关于当前韧带和肌腱研究热点和未来挑战的讨论。多年来,韧带和肌腱领域内的研究数量大幅增加,研究质量不断提升。为纪念《医用生物力学》杂志创刊30周年,本文总结过去30年里韧带和肌腱研究的主要进展,包括组织力学、力学生物学、损伤与治愈机制、组织修复和再生。     

Morphology and cytochemistry of leucocytes and thrombocytes of six species of fish

Cytochemical reactions of blood leucocytes and thrombocytes from six species of fish, rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss), coho salmon (Onchorhynchus kisutch), white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus), goldfish (Carassius auratus), striped bass (Morone saxatulis), and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were determined. Because the staining reactions were generally similar to the reactions found in mammalian leucocytes with similar morphological features, it is reasonable to classify fish leucocytes using the same terminology as is used for mammalian leucocytes. However, in some species leucocytes with features similar to mammalian eosinophils or basophils were not found. In goldfish leucocytes were found that had segmented nuclei and unstained, moderately refractile cytoplasmic granules. These cells were classified as segmented, granular leucocytes. Although these cells do not appear similar to any mammalian or avian leucocyte, the pattern of positive cytoplasmic alkaline phosphatase staining and negative granular staining is similar to that of equine eosinophils.     

男性乳腺发育症临床病理分析及雌,孕激素受体检测

对１１３例男性乳腺发育症进行临床病理分析。同时检测其中３０例乳腺组织中雌激素受体和孕激素受体分布情况，结果发现两者阳性率分别为８０．０％和８３．３３％。结合文献讨论了男性乳腺发育症的发生与高血清激素浓度及乳腺组织高受体水平的关系。     

Pathology and genetics of phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma

Phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PHEO/PGL) are rare tumours with an estimated annual incidence of 3 per million. Advances in molecular understanding have led to the recognition that at least 30–40% arise in the setting of hereditary disease. Germline mutations in the succinate dehydrogenase genes SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD and SDHAF2 are the most prevalent of the more than 19 hereditary genetic abnormalities which have been reported. It is therefore recommended that, depending on local resources and availability, at least some degree of genetic testing should be offered to all PHEO/PGL patients, including those with clinically sporadic disease. It is now accepted that that all PHEO/PGL have some metastatic potential; therefore, concepts of benign and malignant PHEO/PGL have no meaning and have been replaced by a risk stratification approach. Although there is broad acceptance that certain features, including high proliferative activity, invasive growth, increased cellularity, large tumour nests and comedonecrosis, are associated with an increased risk of metastasis, it remains difficult to predict the clinical behaviour of individual tumours and no single risk stratification scheme is endorsed or in widespread use. In this review, we provide an update on advances in the pathology and genetics of PHEO/PGL with an emphasis on the changes introduced in the WHO 2017 classification of endocrine neoplasia relevant to practising surgical pathologists.