社区居民慢性非传染性疾病患病的相关危险因素研究

目的探讨社区居民慢性非传染性疾病患病的相关危险因素。方法选择2010年1月~2014年1月大庆市炼化社区和运输社区居民共10 045人,对发生慢性病(n=3018,病例组)与非慢性病(n=7027,对照组)的临床资料进行对比分析。单因素分析采用x2检验,多因素采用非条件Logistic回归分析。结果 10 045人中3018人患有慢性病,患病率达30.04%。男性的患病率显著高于女性(35.98%vs 30.65%,P0.05)。病例组的年龄、BMI24kg/m2、吸烟史、饮酒史、既往疾病史、家族史比率明显高于对照组(P0.05)。年龄60岁(OR=8.324)、BMI24kg/m2(OR=7.563)、吸烟史(OR=6.427)、饮酒史(OR=4.853)、既往疾病史(OR=5.132)是慢性病发生的危险因素。结论年龄60岁、超重、吸烟史、饮酒史、既往疾病史是慢性病发生的危险因素。     

北京市崇文区职业人群慢性病及其危险因素分析

目的了解北京市崇文区职业人群常见慢性病患病现状、分析及相关危险因素,为制定职业人群合理的慢性病防治策略提供参考依据。方法应用多阶段整群抽样方法,选择4个监测点年龄在18~60岁的350名职业人员进行问卷调查、体格测量和实验室检查。结果调查人群中高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常患病率分别为32.6%、12.6%和20.9%。呈现出随着年龄增长患病率升高的趋势(P<0.01),不同职业慢性病患病情况差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。非条件Logistic回归分析显示体质指数(BMI)是影响高血压患病的最主要因素,超重、肥胖者患高血压的可能性分别是体重正常者的2.83和6.04倍。此外,年龄、腰围、饮酒、糖尿病也是高血压患病的危险因素;在血脂异常的Logistic回归分析中,男性(OR=2.109)、腰围超标(OR=3.688)、业余静态时间≥4h(OR=1.762)、有慢性病家族史(OR=2.109)和糖尿病(OR=2.476)的人患血脂异常的危险性增加。结论应将男性、超重、肥胖、腰围超标的以静坐行业为主的职工作为干预重点,加强健康教育和宣传,改善危险因素水平。     

北京市石景山区成人代谢综合征流行病学调查及相关因素分析

目的了解人群代谢综合征(metabolic syndrome,MS)患病状况及与性别、年龄等慢性病危险因素的关系。方法对北京市石景山区居民3 992人进行成人MS患病及危险因素调查,测定血尿酸、血糖、血脂水平,测量身高、体重、腰围,分析MS与慢性病及危险因素之间的关系。用SPSS 17.0软件对数据进行统计学分析。结果 MS各年龄段男性均高于女性,MS随年龄升高而升高。MS与高血压、血脂异常、超重/肥胖、糖尿病及高尿酸血症相关。MS患病率为12.65%,其中男性患病率18.49%,女性患病率9.10%,男性高于女性,差异有统计学意义(χ2=58.14,P<0.01)。MS发生率并与吸烟、饮酒相关。logistic回归分析,男性、血脂异常、高血压、超重/肥胖、糖尿病和高尿酸血症是MS危险因素。结论 MS与血脂异常、高血压、肥胖等慢性病相关,而且与吸烟、饮酒等生活方式有关。改善生活方式和控制体重,降低MS发生,从而控制心脑血管病的风险。     

北京市宣武区成人慢性病患病及相关危险因素分析

目的通过对本地区居民高血压、糖尿病、脑卒中、冠心病四种慢病患病现况及危险因素进行分析,掌握流行规律,为探讨防治对策提供科学依据。方法采用等比例多阶段整群随机抽样的方法,按功能社区和生活社区共抽取3 339人入户调查和体检,对四种慢病患病情况及相关危险因素进行logistic回归分析。结果样本人群四种慢性病粗患病率为35.5%,患病率由高到低依次为高血压、糖尿病、冠心病、脑卒中。Logistic多因素分析结果显示,文化程度越低(OR文化程度(4)=0.3,OR文化程度(5)=0.3,OR文化程度(6)=0.2)、年龄(OR年龄(1)=3.7,OR年龄(2)=10.9)、年龄越大(OR年龄(1)=3.7,OR年龄(2)=10.9)、吸烟(OR=1.3)、血脂越高(OR=2.1)、BMI值越大(OR=1.2)、口味偏咸(OR=1.3)、蔬菜摄入量不足(OR蔬菜摄入量(1)=1.2)、畜肉(OR畜肉摄入量(2)=1.4)、奶类(OR奶类摄入量(2)=4.9)、大豆与坚果摄入量(OR大豆与坚果摄入量(2)=1.4)偏高对慢性病患病产生不利影响。结论本地区居民慢病患病率较高,应针对主要危险因素开展干预工作。     

我市某区脑卒中患者患病情况及危险因素分析

目的 分析我市某区脑卒中患者发病及其主要危险因素,为脑卒中患者的预防控制提供参考依据。方法 采用随机整群抽样法,以街道办事处(乡镇)、社区村委会(社区居委会)所辖社区常住人口底册为依据,以居民家庭为单位,以40岁以上常住居民为调查对象进行问卷调查,采用多因素非条件logistic回归分析探讨其脑卒中发病的危险因素。结果 在我市某区29 505名40岁以上常住居民中,脑卒中患者915例,脑卒中患病率为3.10%。不同性别、年龄、吸烟情况、运动情况、脑卒中家族史、高血压史、血脂异常、体质量指数患病率不同,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。男性、年龄≥50岁、吸烟、有脑卒中家族史、高血压史、血脂异常、体质量指数≥18.5 kg/m²的常住居民脑卒中患病率较高,女性和经常运动的脑卒中患病率较低。结论 40岁以上脑卒中患病率较高,性别、年龄、吸烟情况、运动情况、脑卒中家族史、高血压史、血脂异常、体质量指数是该地区常住居民脑卒中患病的主要危险因素。     

北京市城区中老年居民代谢综合征的患病现况及危险因素分析

目的 调查北京市东城区＞40岁的居民代谢综合征(MS)的患病现况,分析其相关危险因素.方法 整群抽取北京市东城区5个社区共9 416例＞40岁的居民,对所选对象进行问卷调查,测量身高、体质量、腰围、血压,并测定空腹血糖及血脂.计算不同年龄及性别的调查对象MS及相关疾病的患病率,分析MS的相关危险因素.结果 MS的粗患病率为20.20%,男性为22.90%,女性为18.28%,男女患病率间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).按2005年北京市1%人口抽样调查结果年龄标准化,MS总患病率为16.21%,男性为18.13%,女性为15.50%.高血压、超重、血脂异常及高血糖的患病率分别为29.72%、40.36%、20.72%和25.47%.Logistic逐步回归分析结果表明,高血压、超重、高血糖、血脂异常、民族、职业、收缩压、教育程度、饮酒类型是组成MS的独立危险因素.结论 北京市东城区中老年居民中MS有较高的患病率;除组成MS的主要危险因素高血压、超重、高血糖和血脂异常外,民族、职业(机关人员、警察)、收缩压、教育程度(中专)、饮酒类型(白酒)也是组成MS的独立危险因素.     

北京市城区中老年居民代谢综合征的患病现况及危险因素分析

目的 调查北京市东城区＞40岁的居民代谢综合征(MS)的患病现况,分析其相关危险因素.方法 整群抽取北京市东城区5个社区共9 416例＞40岁的居民,对所选对象进行问卷调查,测量身高、体质量、腰围、血压,并测定空腹血糖及血脂.计算不同年龄及性别的调查对象MS及相关疾病的患病率,分析MS的相关危险因素.结果 MS的粗患病率为20.20%,男性为22.90%,女性为18.28%,男女患病率间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).按2005年北京市1%人口抽样调查结果年龄标准化,MS总患病率为16.21%,男性为18.13%,女性为15.50%.高血压、超重、血脂异常及高血糖的患病率分别为29.72%、40.36%、20.72%和25.47%.Logistic逐步回归分析结果表明,高血压、超重、高血糖、血脂异常、民族、职业、收缩压、教育程度、饮酒类型是组成MS的独立危险因素.结论 北京市东城区中老年居民中MS有较高的患病率;除组成MS的主要危险因素高血压、超重、高血糖和血脂异常外,民族、职业(机关人员、警察)、收缩压、教育程度(中专)、饮酒类型(白酒)也是组成MS的独立危险因素.     

深圳市福田区成年人2型糖尿病危险因素的调查研究

目的 了解深圳市福田区居民2型糖尿病（T2DM）发病的相关危险因素,为预防和干预该地区糖尿病提供科学依据.方法 收集该地区2010年1月～2012年12月在本院健康体检的常住居民4769例作为研究对象,采用多因素Logistic回归进行危险因素分析.结果 所有研究对象中共有454例检出糖尿病,检出率为9.52％.单因素分析显示,不同年龄、文化程度、糖尿病家族史、体育锻炼、高血压、高血脂、超重或肥胖等都是糖尿病的危险因素.多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄（P=0.006,OR=2.827）、糖尿病家族史（P=0.007,OR =3.237）、高血脂（P=0.009,OR=2.641）、高血压（P=0.011,OR=1.924）、超重或肥胖（P=0.019,OR=1.407）是该地区居民T2DM患病的独立危险因素.结论 糖尿病是多因素综合作用的结果,应根据相关危险因素采取有针对性措施早期干预以预防糖尿病的发生.     

糖尿病患病率及相关因素的分析研究

目的调查钦州市某社区居民糖尿病患病率及相关危险因素,为进一步预防和治疗糖尿病提供依据。方法随机抽取钦州市某社区412名居民,对其进行问卷调查、体格检查、血压测量。结果该社区糖尿病患病率为18.25%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,糖尿病与年龄、饮食、体力活动、体质量指数、高血压等有关,而糖尿病家族史、高年龄、经常饮酒、体质量超标和高脂饮食是糖尿病的主要危险因素。结论本地区糖尿病的发病与遗传以及自身的生活方式、行为等多因素有关。因此,应针对性地开展活方式方面健康教育。     

花都区新华社区居民糖尿病患病率及危险因素分析

目的了解花都区新华社区居民糖尿病(DM)现患状况及危险因素。方法采用多阶段随机整群抽样方法,对被抽中家庭中所有20岁及以上常住户口居民,用入户询问、医学体检及实验室检测相结合的方法进行调查,logistic回归分析方法筛选糖尿病危险因素。结果调查377人,患病率4.8%,标化患病率为6.5%,男女患病率分别为4.3%和5.2%,女性患病率与男性患病率无明显差异(Z=0.757,P>0.05);总患病率和男、女性患病率随年龄增加而上升(趋势分析χ2总=36.109,P<0.01;χ2男=19.813,P<0.01;χ2女=16.593,P<0.01),40岁以上年龄组患病率明显升高,以60岁组最高。logistic回归分析结果显示,与糖尿病密切相关的因素有年龄、文化程度、高血压史和体质指数,OR值分别为1.819、0.134、3.274和1.768。结论在糖尿病主要危险因素中,文化程度和肥胖是可干预因素。预防和控制糖尿病需从早期开始,从加强健康教育、预防控制肥胖开始。     

天津市35岁以上居民对急性心肌梗死危险因素的知晓现状及影响因素 #br#

目的了解天津市35岁以上社区居民对急性心肌梗死（AMI）危险因素的认知现状,为制定针对性健康教育对策提供依据。 方法多阶段分层随机抽取天津市4 122名35岁以上居民,采用自行设计的调查问卷进行AMI危险因素的知晓情况调查。采用多因素Logistic回归分析可能影响AMI危险因素良好认知的因素。 结果居民对AMI危险因素的平均知晓个数为（5.1±2.9）个;10.9%（451人）的调查对象能够识别出全部10个危险因素,2.6%（107人）的调查对象不能识别出任何AMI危险因素。知晓率较高的3个AMI危险因素依次为高血压（70.0%）、早发冠心病家族史（62.2%）和高脂血症（58.3%）。人均月收入≥8 000 元（OR=1.533,95%CI：1.110~2.118）、有医疗保险（OR=3.106,95%CI：1.941~4.969）、高血压（OR=1.338,95%CI：1.160~1.543）、每年定期体检（OR=1.447,95%CI：1.256~1.668）、直系亲属有心血管疾病史（OR=1.580,95%CI：1.378~1.811）以及大学及以上受教育程度（OR=1.322,95%CI：1.139~1.535）是AMI危险因素良好知晓水平的独立影响因素。 结论天津市35岁以上居民对AMI危险因素的认知处于中等水平,仍然缺乏充分的认知,亟需行之有效的针对性宣教策略以提高居民对危险因素的认知水平,尤其是低收入,低受教育水平以及糖尿病群体,从而实现对可控危险因素的早期干预,降低AMI发病率。     

深圳市某社区居民高血压患病现状及危险因素分析

目的了解神区居民高血压患病现状及对高血压危险因素进行分析。方法选择最近2年来某社康中心就诊和检查的社区居民,在本地居住时间≥3年,年龄≥20周岁,对其进行调查。结果（1）该社区人群高血压患病率为16．84％．标化患病率为17．10％;按现有人口估计,该社区有高血压患者16465例。高血压患病率随年龄的增长而逐渐升高。（2）通过Logistic回归分析,高血压的危险促进因素有吸烟、嗜酒、喜食肥肉和动物内脏,保护因素有运动、喝茶和素食。结论高血压的患病现状不容乐观,应提倡加强运动,减少荤菜摄人,多食素菜,不嗜烟酒的良好生活方式,降低高血压的发病率和患病率。     

无锡市城市社区人群2型糖尿病患病现况调查

目的：了解和掌握中国城市社区自然人群2型糖尿病患病特点和主要影响因素。方法：采用整群抽样的方法,抽取无锡市城区二个行政区域内的二个街道中的4个居委会内居住1年以上（包括1年）的20岁以上居民,通过检测空腹血糖和面对面询问方法进行糖尿病患病率和影响因素调查。结果：无锡市城市社区2型糖尿患病率为10.20%,标化患病率为6.78%,其中现患标化患病率为4.66%,新发标化患病率为2.12%,空腹血糖受损标化患病率为1.85%;超重、肥胖人群和高血压人群中2型糖尿病和空腹血糖受损明显高于正常人群;高血糖和高血压、肥胖关系密切,糖尿病与年龄、职业、文化程度等多种因素有关。结论：无锡市糖尿病患病状况较严重,应针对高危人群开展综合防治工作。     

Alcohol consumption predicts hypertension but not diabetes

OBJECTIVE: This study examines the associations between alcohol consumption, Type 2 diabetes and hypertension in a native American population. METHOD: Data were collected in a population-based cross-sectional and prospective study conducted on 3,789 individuals aged > or = 20 years. Reported alcohol consumption was classified as never, occasional or < 1 a day, 1-2 drinks a day, > or = 3 drinks a day, and occasional heavy drinking. The prevalence and incidence of diabetes and hypertension by categories of alcohol intake were determined. RESULTS: About 68% of men and 39% of women reported some degree of alcohol consumption. There was no association between alcohol consumption and prevalence or incidence of diabetes, but a positive, statistically significant association between blood pressure and alcohol consumption was found in both genders. After adjustment for age, body mass index (BMI) and diabetes in a proportional hazards model in men, moderate drinkers (occasional or < 1 drink a day and 1-2 drinks a day combined) had 1.24 (95% confidence interval: 0.98-1.57) and occasional heavy drinkers had 1.49 (1.02-2.17) times the incidence of hypertension as nondrinkers. The corresponding estimates of hypertension incidence for women were 1.53 (1.29-1.83) for moderate drinking and 1.38 (0.81-2.36) for occasional heavy drinking. As only 1% of participants reported > or = 3 drinks a day, this group was excluded from these analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Alcohol consumption did not affect the development of Type 2 diabetes, but it was associated with increased risk of hypertension, and this effect was independent of diabetes or BMI in both genders.     

2型糖尿病合并脑梗死相关危险因素分析

目的本文对糖尿病合并脑梗死的危险因素进行分析,为糖尿病患者预防脑梗死提供依据。方法住院糖尿病患者共200例,根据有无脑梗死分为单纯糖尿病组及糖尿病合并脑梗死组各100例。对研究因素进行单因素和多因素非条件Logistic回归分析。结果高血压（OR=8.257）、糖化血红蛋白（GHbA1c）（OR=1.382）、餐后血糖（PPBS）（OR=1.238）是糖尿病合并脑梗死的危险因素。结论糖尿病患者早期、积极有效的控制血压、血糖对减少大血管并发症的发生发展意义重大。     

天津市公安民警高血压患病情况及危险因素研究

【摘要】目的 探讨天津市公安民警高血压的患病情况及其危险因素。方法 整群抽取天津市公安医院健康体检的公安民警3 189例,进行问卷调查和体格检查,采用单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析该人群高血压的危险因素。结果 本次调查的3 189例中高血压患者1 376例,患病率为43.1%;按照年龄分组将研究人群分为21~岁、30 ~岁、40~岁和50~60岁4个组,不同年龄组高血压的患病率的差异有统计学意义（χ 2=241.864,P < 0.001）,多因素Logistic 回归分析结果显示年龄、高血压家族史（OR=1.588,95%CI=1.320~1.910）、糖尿病史（OR=1.597,95%CI=1.038~2.457）、饮食偏咸（OR=1.285,95%CI=1.034~1.596）、总胆固醇增高（OR=1.171,95%CI=1.056~1.298）及三酰甘油增高（OR=1.323,95%CI=1.208~1.449）是高血压的危险因素。结论 天津市公安民警高血压患病率高,年龄大、有高血压家族史、糖尿病史、饮食偏咸、血总胆固醇及三酰甘油高是高血压患病的危险因素。     

Diabetes and other vascular risk factors for dementia: which factor matters most? A systematic review

Vascular risk factors, such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, obesity and dyslipidaemia often co-occur. Each of these factors has been associated with an increased risk of dementia, but it is uncertain which factor imposes the greatest risk. Moreover, the effect of age at time of exposure may differ across factors. This paper systematically reviews the evidence for the association of each of these risk factors with dementia. Longitudinal population-based studies that assessed the incidence of dementia in relation to diabetes (n=14), hypertension (n=13), dyslipidaemia (n=8) or obesity (n=9) were included. All four risk factors were indeed associated with an increased risk of dementia, but the results of studies on diabetes and obesity were most consistent. The magnitude of the effects was comparable across the risk factors, with odds ratios for 'any dementia' around 1.5. For hypertension, obesity and dyslipidaemia age appeared to modulate the association: the risk of dementia was generally largest in studies that measured the risk factor in midlife (compared to late life) and had a long follow-up time. At midlife, the population attributable risk of dementia was highest for hypertension, up to 30% of cases of late life dementia. Later in life diabetes appears to convey the highest risk of dementia. This review shows that vascular risk factors should be regarded as a major target for preventive measures, but that timing of such measures appears to be critical.     

Risk factors for frequent high alcohol consumption among Swedish secondary-school students

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the impact and possible causal interrelationships of psychological, psychosocial and socioeconomic factors on frequent high consumption of alcoholic beverages in a Swedish secondary-school student population. METHOD: A cross-sectional study via questionnaire was administered to 1,384 high school students in Trelleborg, Sweden, from 1999 to 2001 (658 boys, 726 girls; response rates, 84.6% in 1999, 89.3% in 2000 and 91.7% in 2001). Logistic regression analyzed the relationship between various risk factors and frequent high alcohol consumption. RESULTS: Interest in trying drugs was the strongest indicator for frequent high alcohol consumption, after adjusting for age, socioeconomic status and psychosocial risk factors (boys: odds ratio (OR) = 3.9, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.5-6.0; girls: OR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.8-3.9). This variable also had the highest population-attributable fraction (PAF; boys = 39%, girls = 29%). High purchasing power increased the risk of frequent high alcohol consumption (boys: OR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.4-3.0; PAF = 25%; girls: OR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.1-2.3; PAF = 16%). The association between high alcohol consumption and psychosocial factors differed by gender. Participation in organized team sports was associated with increased risk among boys (OR = 3.0, 95% CI: 2.0-4.7; PAF = 32%), but not girls (OR = 1.0, 95% CI: 0.7-1.5; PAF = 0%). Parental acceptance of alcohol consumption was more important for the latter (girls: OR =1.7, 95% CI: 1.2-2.3; PAF = 27%; boys: OR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.0-2.1; PAF = 21%). CONCLUSIONS: Psychological, psychosocial and socioeconomic elements were independent risk factors for frequent high alcohol consumption. Discrepancies in risk factor patterns between boys and girls suggest alternate approaches be considered in interventiods.     

Alcohol and tea consumption in relation to the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Guangdong, China

To investigate whether alcohol and tea consumption has an etiological association with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in a high-incident population, a large scale case-control study was conducted. The study included 2846 individuals in Guangdong Province, China, with 1387 newly diagnosed cases of NPC and 1459 frequency-matched controls. Exposure histories of alcohol and tea consumption were obtained via personal interviews. Information regarding socio-demographic characteristics (age, sex, education, dialect and household type), family history of NPC, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, dietary habits and other potential confounding factors was also studied. An analysis was performed using unconditional logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The risk of NPC was found to be associated with habitual alcohol consumption and tea consumption. Tea consumption has been associated with a decreased occurrence of NPC (OR = 0.62), while consumption of alcohol was associated with a complex effect. Specifically, moderate consumption of alcohol was associated with decreased risk of NPC, while overuse, especially strong distillate spirits, appeared to be a risk factor.