两种新型抗荷服对下体负压耐力的影响

目的 确定绳索拉紧式和充气式2套不同类型抗荷服提高下体负压耐力的有效压力制度.方法 22名健康志愿者,随机平均分为2组,分别穿着绳索拉紧式和充气式抗荷服测定各自选定的高、低2种压力制度时的下体负压耐力,同时观察血压、心率、心脏泵血功能及自主神经功能的变化.绳索拉紧式抗荷服选定20～ 30 mmHg和30 ～ 40 mmHg两种压力制度,充气式抗荷服选定30 ～ 40 mmHg和40 ～ 50mmHg两种压力制度.结果 穿着绳索拉紧式抗荷服时高、低2种压力制度下志愿者下体负压耐受时间和累计应激指数较对照组均显著增加(P＜0.01),平均动脉压和每搏量呈升高趋势,心率呈降低趋势,但均未达到显著水平.穿着充气式抗荷服时高、低2种压力制度下志愿者下体负压耐受时间和累计应激指数较对照组均显著增加(P＜0.01),平均动脉压和每搏量呈升高趋势,心率在高压力制度组呈降低趋势.结论 两种抗荷服在各自的高、低压力制度下均可显著提高下体负压耐力,改善心血管功能,且高压力制度效果更明显.     

不同体能的健康女性对下体负压的心血管反应

目的 探讨不同体能健康女性对下体负压(lower body negative pressure,LBNP)的反应特点.方法 1)用运动平板测最大耗氧量;2)采用逐渐递增负压的方法,最大负压-50 mmHg.被试者为21名30岁年龄组女性健康志愿者,分为惯于久坐的女职业组(A组:VO2max 33.69±4.50 mL·kg-1·min-1)11人,经常锻炼的女飞行组(B组:VO2max 39.61±3.84 mL·kg-1·min-1)10人.结果 两组HR均随LBNP的负荷增加而增加(P《0.01～0.001).B组SBP明显降低(P《0.01).A组DBP明显增高(P《0.05).B组MBP显著降低(P《0.05).结论 与女职业组相比,女飞行组对LBNP心血管反应不良,表明体能对LBNP有影响.     

21d头低位卧床期间第一周和最后一周下体负压锻炼对立位耐力和心功能的影响

目的观察在 2 1d头低位卧床的第一周和最后一周进行下体负压锻炼对立位耐力和心功能的影响。方法 1 2名健康男性志愿者 ,随机分为对照组和LBNP组 ,每组 6人 ,均参加 - 6°头低位倾斜卧床实验。对照组在卧床期间不做任何处理 ,LBNP组在卧床第一周和最后一周 ,每天进行 1h、- 30mmHg的下体负压锻炼。卧床前和卧床第 1 0、2 1天在倾斜床上进行 3次立位耐力检查 ,卧床期间测量心脏泵血和收缩功能等指标。结果卧床前两组 1 2名被试者均顺利通过立位耐力检查。卧床第 1 0和 2 1天 ,对照组所有被试者均不能通过立位耐力检查 ,而下体负压组仅有 1人未通过 ,卧床第 2 1天下体负压组( 1 9.7± 0 .9min)平均耐受时间较对照组 ( 1 5 .0± 3.2min)显著延长 (P <0 .0 5 )。对照组每搏输出量(SV)及心输出量 (CO)在卧床第 3、1 0天较卧床前显著降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而LBNP组SV及CO在卧床期间均无显著性变化 ;两组的射血前期 (PEP) /左室射血时间 (LVET)在卧床第 3、1 4天均显著升高 (P <0 .0 5 )。两组间比较 ,LBNP组PEP/LVET在卧床第 3天较对照组显著降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,LVET在卧床第 3、7和 1 4天较对照组显著升高 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 2 1d头低位卧床可引起立位耐力、心脏泵血和收缩功能显著降低 ;在 2 1d头低位卧床的     

正常受试者下体负压差别效应的生理学和超声心动图评价

前言 下体负压(LBNP)是一种常用的评价立位耐力的方法。然而尚未对腿部和腹盆腔(AP)血管系统的作用进行过评价。我们观察腿和腹盆腔血管系统在分离和不分离状态下心血管系统对LBNP的反应。方法 头晚休息和标准化水合作用后,15名正常健康志愿者(8名男性)在下列三种情况中穿着医学抗休克裤(MAST)经受阶梯式的(5 min一阶,每阶增加-10mmHg)LBNP,直到-60mmHg。着医学抗休克裤的三种情况分别为:①非充气状态;②腿充气;③腿和腹盆腔充气。进行生理学多普勒超声心动图检查。结果     

下体负压对男女飞行学员心血管调节功能的影响

观察男女飞行学员在下体负压条件下各项生理指标的变化差异，男女两组受试者分别下体负压裤，在－50mmHg负压下持续暴露8min。在下体负压（LBNP）作用时，同步记录心电图、心率、血压、脑血流量、负压暴露时间。结果显示，在LBNP作用下，随着负压暴露时间的增加，所有受试者均出现心率增快，收缩压降低、脑血流量下降。研究表明，下体负压所产生的生理学效应在男女飞行学员间相似。     

立位-下体负压时心血管指标的变化

目的了解立位 -下体负压 (HUT +LBNP)期间心血管系统的变化 ,确定心律变异和脉图两种方法在评价心血管调节功能中的作用。方法观察 1 6名被试者在 75°头高位倾斜加 - 4kPa下体负压 2 0min期间血压、脉图、心律变异和脑血氧饱和度的变化。结果 ( 1 )HUT +LBNP可引起被试者出现明显的心率、血压、规 -化低频峰功率 (LFn)、LFn/HFn增加 ,脑血氧饱和度、心电T波和规 -化高频峰功率(HFn)下降 ;( 2 )晕厥前出现明显的血压、心率和脑血氧饱和度下降 ;( 3)低耐力组在HUT +LBNP初期的心率明显高于高耐力组 ;( 4 )HUT +LBNP时脉搏波波形发生很大变化 ,无法进行分析。结论HUT +LBNP是一种负荷量较高的立位耐力检查方法 ,可充分暴露被检者在立位中的心血管调节功能 ;脉图检测方法不能作为评价被试者HUT +LBNP耐力的方法。     

21d头低位卧床期间心功能的变化及最后一周下体负压锻炼的影响

目的 观察21d头低位卧床期间被试者心功能的变化及最后一周下体负压锻炼（LBNP）的影响。方法 12名健康男性志愿者,随机分为对照组和LBNP组,每组6人,均参加头低位倾斜卧床实验。对照组在卧床期间不做任何处理,LBNP组在卧床最后一周,每天进行1h、－4．0kPa的下体负压锻炼。测量心脏收缩和泵血功能等指标。结果 在卧床期间,两组的心输出量、心指数及每搏输出量较卧床前均显著降低或有降低趋势,射血前期（PEP）均显著延长,总外周阻力、等容收缩时间／左室射血时间（LVET）、PEP／LVET均显著升高而有升高趋势,起床后第2天基本恢复。LBNP组PEP和PEP／LVET在第21天及起床后第2天较对照组显著升高。结论 21d头低位卧床可引起心脏泵血和收缩功能显著降低;在21d头低位卧床的最后一周进行下体负压锻炼,不能有效对抗头低位卧床模拟失重引起的心脏泵血和收缩功能的降低,但对提高立位耐力有利。     

女性的下体负压耐力低于男性

有资料显示,与男性相比,女性的下体负压(LBNP)耐力比男性低—50mmHg(—6.7kPa)。这一点在为女性设计暴露于+Gz环境时的生命保障装备具有重要意义。本研究观察了10名男性(平均年龄22.4岁)和10名女性(平均年龄21.0岁)暴露逐级增加的下体负压,直到发生晕厥前症状时的心血管反应。     

15d-6°头低位卧床对女性运动心肺功能影响及对抗措施效果

目的 明确15 d模拟失重对女性运动心肺功能的影响,同时考核自行车功量计锻炼+下体负压的综合防护效果.方法 22名青年女性健康志愿者,随机分为对照组(CON,n=8)、下体负压组(LBNP,n=7)和自行车功量计+下体负压组(ERGO+LLBNP,n=7).对照组仅进行15 d-6°头低位卧床;LBNP组在第6,8,1...     

下体负压旋转床模拟航空推拉效应对心血管功能的影响

目的探讨下体负压旋转床模拟航空推拉效应的效果 ,观察推拉动作对心血管功能的影响。方法 8名被试者在下体负压旋转床上进行“直立位 (HUT ,+1Gz) -倒立位 -直立位 +下体负压 (LBNP ,- 5 0mmHg) 1 0min”的模拟推拉效应试验及单纯直立位 +下体负压 (- 5 0mmHg) 1 0min的对照试验 ,用阻抗法测量了试验过程中心率 (HR)、血压 (BP)、基础阻抗 (Z0 )、每搏心输出量 (SV)、心输出量 (CO)及总外周阻力 (TPR)等心血管功能指标的变化。结果在模拟推拉效应试验中 ,有 3名被试者没有完成直立位 +LB NP作用 1 0min的试验 ,出现晕厥前症状 ,8名被试者平均耐受时间为 8.99± 1 .47min。而对照试验时 ,被试者均完成了 1 0min的直立 +LBNP试验。模拟推拉效应试验时 ,在倒立位 ,被试者HR、Z0 较直立位对照值降低 ,SV和CO较直立位对照值升高 ,均有显著性意义 ;直立位 +LBNP过程中 ,HR、Z0 、TPR较对照和倒立位值显著增高 ,SV和CO较对照和倒立位值显著降低 ,SBP在HUT即刻较对照值显著性增高 ,在HUT +LBNP过程中显著性降低。在对照试验时 ,上述指标呈现出相同的变化 ,但增高或降低的百分比 (% )低于模拟推拉效应试验 (HR除外 )。结论倒立位后 ,再直立 +LBNP作用 ,心血管功能下降程度大于单纯直立 +LBNP作用 ,下体负压旋转床     

下体负压反复暴露对下体负压耐力的影响

目的探讨反复下体负压暴露对人体下体负压（ＬＢＮＰ） 耐力的影响及其与心血管功能的关系。方法１０ 名男性健康被试者进行负压值为－ ５０ ｍ ｍ Ｈｇ 、持续８ ｍｉｎ 的下体负压锻炼,每天１ 次、连续８ ｄ ,记录心率及血压。锻炼前后进行ＬＢＮＰ 耐力检查,并测量心脏泵血功能。结果锻炼前、后负压最大耐受时间（ＤＮＰ） 及累积应激指数（ＣＳＩ） 分别为：１０５８ ±２１６ ｓ,１３５４ ±２３３ ｓ;４５８３３ ±１２５４６ ｓ·ｍ ｍ Ｈｇ 、６３４３３±１３４５８ ｓ·ｍ ｍ Ｈｇ ,锻炼前后差异显著（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５） ,心脏泵血功能呈增强趋势。结论下体负压反复暴露可提高人的下体负压耐力,其原因之一可能在于增强了心肌的收缩能力,降低外周血管的顺应性,心血管系统对低血压应激的代偿机制更加有效,从而提高了心水平动脉血压。     

下体负压对抗21d头低位卧床后立位耐力不良的研究

目的观察ＬＢＮＰ对２１ｄＨＤＴ－６°卧床模拟失重所致立位耐力不良的对抗效果。方法１２名健康男性青年志愿者,进行２１ｄＨＤＴ－６°卧床实验。随机分为对照组和下体负压组,每组６人。与对照组不同,下体负压组在最后一周,每天进行１ｈ、－４．０ｋＰａ的下体负压锻炼。结果卧床前,１２名受试者顺利通过７５°、２０ｍｉｎ立位耐力检查。卧床第１０ｄ立位耐力检查时,对照组有５人、ＬＢＮＰ组有４人出现晕厥前或晕厥症状,两组平均耐受时间均低于卧床前（Ｐ＜０．０５）;第２１ｄ时,对照组有５人未通过,平均耐受时间较卧床前显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）;而ＬＢＮＰ组有１人未通过,平均耐受时间显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论２１ｄ头低位卧床后立位耐力显著降低。下体负压能够有效对抗头低位卧床导致的立位耐力降低。     

Hypovolemic intolerance to lower body negative pressure in female runners.

PURPOSE: An attenuated baroreflex response and orthostatic intolerance have been reported in endurance-trained male athletes; however, it is still unknown whether this occurs also in females. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether endurance exercise-trained women had a predisposition to orthostatic compromise, and if so, what causative factor(s) may induce orthostatic intolerance. METHODS: We studied cardiovascular and hormonal responses to graded lower body negative pressure (LBNP) (0 to -60 mm Hg) in 26 middle-distance female runners (18.6 +/- 0.1 yr) as the exercise-trained (ET) subjects and 23 age-matched untrained (UT) control subjects. On the basis of the occurrence of syncope episodes during LBNP, ET and UT subjects were further allocated to two groups; ET with presyncope (ET+syncope) and without presyncope (ET-syncope) and UT with presyncope (UT+syncope) and without presyncope (UT-syncope). RESULTS: Occurrence of presyncope episodes during LBNP was higher in ET (65.4%, P < 0.05) than that for UT (34.8%). Leg compliance was higher (P < 0.05) in ET than in UT. LBNP reduced stroke volume (SV) more (P < 0.05), increased heart rate (HR) higher (P < 0.05), and increased forearm vascular resistance (FVR) more in ET+syncope as compared with the other groups. Response of vasoactive hormones to LBNP was higher in ET+syncope (P < 0.05) than that of the other groups except for norepinephrine (NE); high in both ET+syncope and UT+syncope. The relationship between SV and NE, an index of sympathetic neuronal response, had no training-related changes during LBNP. CONCLUSION: We conclude that exercise-trained females have a high incidence of orthostatic intolerance during LBNP, with a greater reduction of SV independent of changes in baroreflex and neurohumoral function. A lower incidence of LBNP intolerance in UT may be accounted for by a lower reduction of SV during LBNP. An increase in leg compliance in the exercise-trained females may play an important role in inducing pronounced reduction of SV and hence the intolerance to LBNP.     

下体负压联合体育锻炼对运动耐力及体能的影响

目的：研究制定适合疗养期间高性能战斗机飞行员进行专项下体负压和体能训练方案。方法：24名健康男性随机分为3组。体育锻炼组连续2周进行力量锻炼;下体负压锻炼组利用倾斜床进行下体负压锻炼。联合锻炼组每天以上述两种不同的锻炼方式进行复合锻炼。锻炼前后进行运动耐力及体能测试。结果：体育锻炼联合下体负压锻炼组锻炼10d后PWC170／kg、最大耗氧量显著提高,肌肉爆发力及静肌力指标较锻炼前显著提高（P〈0．05）;单纯体育锻炼组平板卧推、负重蹲起、30m冲刺跑、15m蛙跳成绩较锻炼前显著提高（P〈0．05）,单纯下体负压组仅平板卧推及15m蛙跳成绩较锻炼前显著提高（P〈0．05）。结论：体育锻炼联合下体负压锻炼10d后可明显提高受试者运动耐力及下肢、腰腹肌肉爆发力及静肌力。     

自行下体负压训练器锻炼对心血管功能及下体负压耐力的影响

目的 探讨利用自行下体负压训练器锻炼后心血管功能及下体负压耐力的变化,为其应用提供实验依据。方法 12名健康男性被试者随机分为两组,分别在进气阀门完全关闭(A组)、进气阀门打开至峰值负压为-30mmHg(B组)两种状态下进行锻炼。A组锻炼持续时间为5d,3min／d,分别于锻炼前、锻炼3、5d后进行心脏泵血功能及头高位倾斜检查,进行短程心率变异性分析,锻炼前后行下体负压耐力检查。B组锻炼持续时间为10d,5min／d,分别于锻炼前、锻炼5、8、10d后进行各项检查,检查项目与A组相同。结果 A组锻炼后,心脏泵血功能显著降低,下体负压耐力显著升高。B组心脏泵血功能则在锻炼8d后显著增强,下体负压耐力也显著提高。结论 利用自行下体负压训练器进行锻炼。可以显著提高下体负压耐力,但训练方案不同心血管功能的改变也不同。     

反复体位改变训练对人体立位耐力的影响

目的验证反复体位改变训练提高人体立位耐力的有效性 ,并探讨其机理。方法 6名被试者经受了为期 1 1d共 9次的反复体位改变训练。在训练前和训练后利用头高位倾斜检查立位耐力。结果训练后 ,被试者在立位耐力检查中的反应得到改善 ,表现为与训练前相比立位中不良症状明显减轻 (症状得分 4.5 0± 1 .0 5vs .2 .83± 1 .60 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ,心率的增量明显降低 [( 2 9.3± 4.3)bpmvs .( 1 3.5± 7.5 )bpm ,P <0 .0 1 ],平均动脉压的增量明显增加 [( 4 .8± 4.4)mmHgvs.( 9.0± 3.0 )mmHg ,P <0 .0 5 ],心血管反应指数明显减小 ( 34.42± 5 .0 0vs.2 2 .33± 8.2 7,P <0 .0 1 )。结论反复体位改变训练可提高人体立位耐力。该训练有望在飞行员 ,特别是航天员训练中得到应用     

坐位下体负压下人体大脑中动脉血流速度及血氧饱和度的改变

目的探讨坐位下体负压对人体大脑中动脉血流速度、心率和血氧饱和度的影响。方法 15名健康青年男性在坐位下体负压 - 4.0 0kPa、 - 6.67kPa条件下 ,分别测试负压前、下体负压暴露 0 .5、1、2、3、4、5min和卸压后 1、3、5min的大脑中动脉血流速度、心率和血氧饱和度。结果在 - 4.0kPa下体负压作用 4、5min时 ,脑血流速度减慢 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;负压作用 3、4、5min时心率增快 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;血氧饱和度无明显改变。在 - 6.67kPa下体负压作用 2、3min时 ,脑血流速度减慢 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,在 4min和 5min时显著减慢 (P <0 .0 1) ,卸压后 1min尚未恢复 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,随后恢复至对照水平 ;负压作用后各时间点心率均显著增快 (P <0 .0 1) ;血氧饱和度在负压暴露 5min时显著下降 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论坐位下体负压造成血液在下肢淤积 ,大脑中动脉血流速度减慢 ,引起大脑血供减少 ,为空中晕厥和立位耐力不良的医学鉴定提供了人体实验依据     

Effect of lower body negative pressure against orthostatic intolerance induced by 21 days head-down tilt bed rest

BACKGROUND: Exposure to actual or simulated weightlessness is known to induce orthostatic intolerance in humans. Many different methods have been suggested to counteract orthostatic hypotension. The repetitive or prolonged application of lower body negative pressure (LBNP) has shown beneficial effects to counter orthostatic intolerance, but devoting so much time to countermeasures is not compatible with space mission objectives or costs. The purpose of the present study was to assess the effects of brief LBNP sessions against orthostatic intolerance during a 21-d head-down tilt (HDT) bed rest. METHODS: There were 12 healthy male volunteers who were exposed to -6 degrees HDT bed rest for 21 d. Six subjects received -30 mm Hg LBNP sessions for 1 h x d(-1) from day 15 to day 21 of the HDT, and six others served as control. Orthostatic tolerance was assessed by means of standard tilt test. RESULTS: Before HDT, all the subjects in the two groups completed the tilt tests. After 21 d of HDT, five subjects of the control group and one subject of the LBNP group could not complete the tilt test due to presyncopal or syncopal symptoms. The mean upright time in the control group 13.0 +/- 4.0 min) was significantly shorter (p < 0.05) than that in the LBNP group (19.0 +/- 2.2 min). Body weight decreased significantly in the control group during HDT, while increasing significantly on day 21 of HDT in the LBNP group. Urine volume increased on days 15-21 of HDT in the control group, but remained unchanged throughout HDT in the LBNP group. A significant decrease in cardiac output and cardiac index, and a significant increase in total peripheral resistance, pre-ejection period, plasma renin activity, aldosterone, and prostaglandin 12 were observed during HDT in both groups. There were no significant differences in these parameters between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Brief daily LBNP sessions were effective in preventing orthostatic intolerance induced by 21 d HDT bed rest. However, it did not improve cardiac pump and systolic functions and did not preserve volume regulating hormones.     

Cardiovascular adaptation during simulated microgravity: lower body negative pressure to counter orthostatic hypotension

The cardiovascular function is one of the main functions disturbed by microgravity. It is particularly affected by the astronaut's return to Earth, where one of the symptoms of the cardiovascular adaptation syndrome is orthostatic hypotension; the clinical consequence can be presyncopal state or a syncope. Lower body negative pressure (LBNP) is intended to stimulate the venous system of the lower limbs. Studies performed in the U.S. have shown that LBNP constitutes an efficient countermeasure, but this approach is impractical because 4 to 6 h/d of application are required. Five volunteers took part in two recent antiorthostatic bed rest experiments for 30 days. In the first experiment, three subjects were submitted to several sessions of LBNP per day and two others were controls; in the second, the LBNP group of the first experiment became control and vice versa. Two orthostatic investigations were performed: 5 d before bed rest; and at the end of the 30-d bed rest period. The results showed that: 1) when the subjects were controls, a high orthostatic hypotension post bed rest with three syncopes and one presyncopal state during the first minutes of the tilt test appeared; 2) when the subjects were submitted to LBNP sessions, no orthostatic hypotension was noted. These two experiments proved the beneficial effects of the LBNP as a countermeasure against orthostatic hypotension.