腕投掷运动时腕关节韧带长度变化的活体研究

目的 探讨腕关节在投掷运动过程中腕关节韧带长度的变化.方法 对6例志愿者腕关节进行CT扫描,获取腕关节在投掷运动过程中的5个位置,即桡偏20°背伸60°,桡偏10°背伸30°,中立位,尺偏20°掌屈30°,尺偏40°掌屈60°时各腕骨、尺桡骨远段的三维重建图像,在重建图像基础上利用Mimics软件测得在腕关节投掷运动过程中掌、背侧腕关节韧带的长度.结果 腕关节由中立位至桡偏20°背伸60°时桡舟头韧带、长桡月韧带、尺头韧带、尺三角韧带长度显著伸长,分别延长(3.4±0.5)、(2.0±0.2)、(2.6±0.5)、(2.1±0.4)mm,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);腕关节由中立位至尺偏400掌屈60°时背侧桡腕韧带、背侧骨间韧带止于小多角骨部分长度显著伸长,分别延长(1.7 ±0.2)、(3.8 ±0.4)mm,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).尺月韧带、背侧骨问韧带止于舟骨部分在投掷运动过程中其长度均较中立位时旱增长趋势.结论 腕关节在桡背伸至尺掌屈运动过程中,桡舟头韧带、长桡月韧带、尺头韧带、尺三角韧带缩短,提示张力减低,背侧桡腕韧带、背侧骨间韧带止于小多角骨部分伸长,张力增大,尺月韧带、背侧骨间韧带止于舟骨部分于中立位时张力最小,其变化规律有助于指导临床腕关节韧带损伤的修复.     

桡侧腕屈肌入路解剖型掌侧锁定接骨板治疗桡骨远端早期陈旧骨折

目的 探讨桡侧腕屈肌入路解剖型掌侧锁定接骨板治疗桡骨远端早期陈旧骨折的疗效.方法 采用桡侧腕屈肌入路解剖型掌侧锁定接骨板治疗19例桡骨远端早期陈旧骨折患者.比较术前和末次随访时桡骨短缩、尺偏角、掌倾角以及腕关节活动度.末次随访时采用Fernandez评分评价腕关节功能.结果 患者均获得随访,时间6～12(8.0±1.8...     

陈旧性经舟骨月骨周围脱位22例治疗观察

[目的]分析陈旧性经舟骨月骨周围脱位采取近排腕骨切除加骨间掌、背侧神经终末支切断术的临床疗效。[方法]从1999年6月～2007年12月收治的22例陈旧性经舟状骨骨折月骨周围腕骨脱位患者,术前病程28d～1.2年,术后测量腕关节的活动度、握力和腕部疼痛程度,腕关节功能评定采用Krimmer评分法。[结果]术后随访24～72个月,腕关节腕掌屈、背伸活动度平均72°,尺桡偏平均35°,健侧为68°±8°;侧握力为(26±8)kg,健侧握力为(45±10)kg;疼痛值为28;腕关节功能评分为72,腕关节X线片显示:未见骨关节炎表现;满意率90%。[结论]本术式是用于治疗陈旧性经舟骨月骨周围脱位引起腕部功能障碍和腕部疼痛的有效手段。     

晚期月骨无菌性坏死舟骨环形征的解剖学及生物力学研究

目的明确稳定舟骨近极的韧带及断裂后桡腕关节面应力的改变,阐明舟骨环形征的临床意义. 方法实验分为两部分,分别通过5侧上肢标本的解剖学观察,确定稳定舟骨近极的韧带;通过桡侧、尺侧屈腕肌腱及桡侧、尺侧伸腕肌腱,垂直加载12 kg负荷5分钟,应用压敏薄膜及FPD-305E、FPD-306E系统,分别测量腕关节中立、掌屈、背伸、尺偏及桡偏时,正常及韧带断裂后舟骨窝、月骨窝应力的变化. 结果解剖学观察发现,稳定舟骨近极的韧带为:桡舟头韧带、长桡月韧带及舟月骨间韧带,其中长桡月韧带和舟月骨间韧带起到限制舟骨近极向背侧移位的作用.生物力学研究结果表明,在稳定舟骨近极的韧带断裂后,背伸位时,舟骨窝桡侧亚区应力(0.90±0.43)与正常(0.85±0.15)无差异,但掌侧(0.59±0.20)、尺侧(0.52±0.05)及背侧亚区(0.58±0.23)应力较正常(相对应力为0.77±0.13、0.75±0.08、0.68±0.09)减小;中立、掌屈、桡偏及尺偏位时,舟骨窝内各亚区应力与正常相比增大或无差异;而月骨窝在中立位时,各亚区的应力增大;掌屈、背伸、桡偏及尺偏位时,各亚区的应力减小或无差异. 结论在月骨无菌性坏死ⅢB期,舟骨窝承受的负荷增加,在治疗方法的选择上,应注意矫正舟骨的旋转半脱位,防止后期出现桡舟关节创伤性关节炎.     

改良掌侧入路掌侧锁定钢板治疗桡骨远端骨折的疗效

目的 探讨改良掌侧入路(Henry入路)掌侧锁定钢板治疗桡骨远端骨折的临床疗效。方法 采用改良Henry入路掌侧锁定钢板治疗170例桡骨远端骨折患者。记录末次随访时患者腕关节活动度、前臂旋转度、影像学指标、疼痛VAS评分、握力等情况,采用Quick DASH评分、PRWE评分、Mayo评分评价疗效。结果患者均获得随访,时间12～36个月。末次随访时,腕关节活动度:背伸45°～70°,掌屈35°～65°,桡偏25°～30°,尺偏30°～45°;前臂旋转度:旋前80°～95°,旋后75°～95°;影像学指标:掌倾角5°～20°,尺偏角15°～30°;疼痛VAS评分0～3分,握力13～45 kg,Quick DASH评分0～29分,PRWE评分0～26分,Mayo评分70～99分。末次随访时,腕关节尺偏、前臂旋后、尺偏角、握力方面<65岁年龄段优于≥65岁年龄段(P <0.05);腕关节背伸、腕关节掌屈、腕关节桡偏、前臂旋前、掌倾角、疼痛VAS评分、Quick DASH评分、PRWE评分和Mayo评分方面两年龄段比较差异均无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。术后出现26例并发症...     

腕尺桡偏运动时腕韧带长度变化的活体研究

目的 研究腕关节在尺桡偏运动过程中,腕关节韧带长度的变化.方法 对6名志愿者腕关节进行CT扫描,获得腕关节在桡偏20°至尺偏40°内每隔20°的运动范围内各腕骨及尺桡骨远段三维重建图像.男3名,女3名,仅研究单侧右侧腕关节.年龄20～32岁,平均24岁.在腕关节尺桡偏运动过程中,在重建各腕骨及尺桡骨结构图像上以软件测量掌、背侧腕韧带的长度.结果 腕关节尺偏时桡舟头韧带、长桡月韧带、背侧腕间韧带止于舟骨、大多角骨和小多角骨部分的长度较中立位显著伸长,分别伸长(2.4±0.3)mm、(2.3±0.8)mm、(1.2±0.6)mm、(1.2±1.2)mm与(2.6±1.0)mm,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);腕关节桡偏时尺头韧带与背侧桡腕韧带长度显著伸长(P＜0.05),分别为(0.8±0.6)mm和(1.0±0.5)mm.结论 在腕关节尺桡偏运动时,桡舟头韧带、长桡月韧带、背侧腕间韧带于桡偏位缩短,尺头韧带、背侧桡腕韧带长度于尺偏位缩短.这些位置可能使不同腕韧带张力降低,有利于损伤韧带的修复.     

腕关节镜辅助下重建陈旧性桡尺远侧韧带

目的 探讨腕关节镜辅助下重建陈旧性桡尺远侧韧带的方法.方法 对14例陈旧性桡尺远侧韧带损伤者,在腕关节镜辅助下,重建桡尺远侧韧带(取掌长肌肌腱作移植肌腱).结果 术后14例均获得5～16个月的随访,术后与术前比较腕关节稳定性、活动幅度均有明显提高,疼痛无力症状明显缓解.按照改良Mayo腕功能评分标准评定:优9例,良4例,可1例.结论 腕关节镜辅助下重建陈旧性桡尺远侧韧带,虽然对手术器械及技术要求较高,但该术式重建的桡尺远侧韧带更加接近生理解剖结构,手术创伤小,功能恢复满意.     

Herbert钉内固定联合植骨并肌腱团填塞治疗Lichtman Ⅲb期月骨缺血性坏死

目的探讨Herbert钉内固定联合植骨局限性融合腕舟头关节并掌长肌腱团填塞治疗Lichtman Ⅲb期月骨缺血性坏死的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2011-10—2015-10诊治的10例Lichtman Ⅲb期月骨缺血性坏死,采用腕背侧入路摘除坏死的月骨,切除桡骨茎突植骨于舟头关节间隙,用Herbert钉固定舟头关节,取掌长肌腱团填塞月骨空隙。结果术后10例均获得随访,随访时间平均13.5(10~18)个月。所有患者腕部疼痛症状完全消失,术后腕骨高度与术前比较无明显差异,未发现腕关节炎。X线片显示腕部舟头关节局部融合满意,融合时间平均9.2周。末次随访时患侧手握力35.6 kg,较术前明显改善。末次随访时腕关节活动范围:背伸平均47.0°,掌屈平均55.0°,尺偏平均28.0°,桡偏平均9.0°。末次随访时腕关节功能根据中华医学会手外科学会上肢部分功能标准评定:优4例,良4例,可2例。结论采用Herbert钉内固定联合植骨局限性融合腕舟头关节并掌长肌腱团填塞治疗Lichtman Ⅲb期月骨缺血性坏死可有效缓解腕部疼痛,提高腕部握力,改善腕关节的活动范围。     

桡侧腕屈肌腱悬吊结合掌骨间韧带重建治疗第一腕掌关节骨关节炎

目的 评价大多角骨切除,桡侧腕屈肌腱悬吊结合掌骨基底间韧带重建治疗第一腕掌关节骨关节炎的疗效.方法 采用Schekker技术,应用大多角骨切除,桡侧半桡侧腕屈肌腱重建第一、二掌骨基底间韧带,并与剩余肌腱自身悬吊控制掌骨基底背侧半脱位,并形成肌腱填塞物内置大多角骨切除遗留空间控制掌骨下沉等手术步骤,治疗第一腕掌关节骨关节炎6例.术后手部功能评价指标包括握力(grip strength),捏力(key-pinch),第一腕掌关节直观模拟疼痛标尺法(visual analogue scales,VAS)及第一腕掌关节有效活动度评分(Kapandji score),术后12个月随访X线前后位片第一掌骨基底-舟骨远关节面间距,评价手术疗效.结果 术后随访时间为12～ 26个月,平均15个月.手术前后疼痛(VAS)平均分值为7.0/1.6;握力平均为11/22 kg;捏力平均为1.8/3.4 kg;Kapandji score 平均为6.0/8.7;12个月时测量X线前后位片第一掌骨基底-舟骨远关节面间距平均值为8.8mm.结论 大多角骨切除,桡侧腕屈肌腱动力性悬吊结合掌骨基底间韧带重建,最大程度地接近了该部位韧带解剖及生物力学方面的结构,可有效治疗第一腕掌关节骨关节炎.     

改良掌侧入路切开复位空心钉内固定治疗腕舟骨骨折

目的探讨改良掌侧入路切开复位空心钉内固定治疗腕舟骨骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2015-04—2018-10诊治的36例移位腕舟骨骨折,采用改良掌侧入路,沿桡侧腕屈肌作纵形切口至腕舟骨结节,再偏向桡侧45°切开,充分显露腕舟骨骨折端,直视下解剖复位骨折端,选择1枚直径1 mm导针沿腕舟骨长轴自骨折远端向近端置入,沿导针置入合适长度的空心钉。结果 36例均获得随访,随访时间平均9.3(6～12)个月。所有患者均获得骨性愈合,骨折愈合时间为12～20(15.8±2.7)周,未出现骨折不愈合、骨坏死。随访期间无内固定松动断裂及再骨折发生,内固定对腕关节活动未产生不良影响。末次随访时腕关节功能Cooney评分为(93.3±7.3)分,其中优23例,良13例。末次随访时腕关节活动度:背伸61°～68°,屈曲66°～77°。末次随访时DASH评分为(7.1±2.6)分。结论移位腕舟骨骨折采用改良掌侧入路切开复位空心钉内固定治疗可以获得较好的解剖复位,骨折愈合良好,腕关节功能恢复满意。     

Clinical applications of volar portals in wrist arthroscopy

Volar portals for wrist arthroscopy have certain advantages over the standard dorsal portals for visualizing dorsal capsular structures as well as the palmar aspects of the carpal ligaments. The volar radial portal is relatively easy to use and is an ideal portal for evaluation of the dorsal radiocarpal ligament and the palmar aspect of the scapholunate interosseous ligament. The volar midcarpal portal may be considered as an occasional accessory portal for visualizing the palmar aspects of the capitate and hamate in cases of avascular necrosis or osteochondral fractures. The volar ulnar portal is especially useful for the viewing and debridement of palmar tears of the lunotriquetral ligament.     

Volar portals in wrist arthroscopy

Volar portals for wrist arthroscopy have certain advantages over the standard dorsal portals for visualizing dorsal capsular structures as well as the palmar aspects of the carpal ligaments. The volar radial (VR) portal is relatively easy to use and is an ideal portal for evaluation of the dorsal radiocarpal ligament (DRCL) and the palmar aspect of the scapholunate interosseous ligament. The volar midcarpal portal may be considered as an occasional accessory portal for visualizing the palmar aspects of the capitate and hamate in cases of avascular necrosis or osteochondral fractures. The volar ulnar (VU) portal is especially useful for the viewing and debridement of palmar tears of the lunotriquetral ligament. Copyright © 2002 by the American Society for Surgery of the Hand     

Distal radioulnar joint arthroscopy and the volar ulnar portal

Pain on the ulnar side of the wrist remains poorly understood. As attention has shifted toward the myriad causes of ulnar-sided wrist pain, the utility of viewing the wrist from a volar ulnar (VU) perspective has emerged. Lunotriquetral ligament tears have been implicated in the pathogenesis of volar intercalated segmental instabilities. They often originate in the palmar subregion, which is most important for maintaining stability. These tears are difficult to visualize through the 4, 5, or 6R portals. They are well seen through a VU portal, and the direct line of sight facilitates debridement. The VU portal has potential use in the arthroscopic diagnosis and treatment of patients with injuries to the ulnar sling mechanism. It aids in triangular fibrocartilage repairs especially those involving the dorsal aspect between the ulnar styloid and the radial insertion, because the proximity of the 4, 5, and 6R portals makes triangulation of the instruments difficult. Although arthroscopy of the dorsal aspect of the distal radioulnar joint has been well described, it has largely remained a curiosity, with few clinical indications. Recent biomechanical studies have highlighted the importance of the deep attachment of the triangular fibrocartilage complex in maintaining distal radioulnar joint stability. The volar distal radioulnar portal is useful for assessing the foveal attachment. It may be used where there is the suspicion of a peripheral triangular fibrocartilage detachment due to a loss of its normal tension despite the lack of a visible tear during radiocarpal arthroscopy. The judicious use of these portals deserves consideration for inclusion as part of a thorough arthroscopic examination of selected patients with ulnar-sided wrist pain.     

腕关节镜掌侧和背侧联合入路的临床应用及效果

目的 介绍一种腕关节镜掌侧入路建立的新方法,报道使用掌侧和背侧联合入路对腕部疾患诊断和治疗的体会.方法 采用"由内向外的交换棒技术"和"由外向内的浅切开深分离"相结合技术建立腕关节镜掌侧入路.自2004年起,通过掌侧和背侧联合入路,进行11例腕部疾患的腕关节镜手术;三角纤维软骨复合体损伤3例(根据Palmer分型,2A型2例,2C型1例),桡骨远端骨折合并韧带损伤5例(根据AO分型,B1型2例,C3型3例),痛风性关节炎3例.男5例,女6例;年龄30～82岁,平均52岁.对所有病例进行随访观察,了解手术的并发症和治疗效果.结果 通过掌侧入路,成功地观察到腕关节的背侧结构,诊断损伤,并能在镜下施行清理和骨折复位手术.所有病例腕关节活动度得以恢复,疼痛有明显缓解,术后腕关节患者自行评估量表(patient-rated wrist evaluation,PRWE)评分为28.6±9.3.术后3～6个月随访显示无手术相关并发症.结论 通过新技术进行腕关节镜掌侧和背侧联合入路手术,安全可行,是腕部疾患诊疗的一种有效方法.     

A benefit of the volar approach for wrist arthroscopy

We reviewed 230 cases of wrist arthroscopy using a volar approach and evaluated its advantage in various wrist disorders. In general, a dorsal approach has been preferred in wrist arthroscopy. The volar approach has been avoided because of the presence of significant structures, such as radial and ulnar arteries, their venae comitantes, median and ulnar nerves, and flexor tendons. However, we can access the wrist joint securely using the volar approach through the tendon sheath of the flexor carpi radialis. Through this approach, we can adequately visualize the dorsal rim fragment of the intra-articular fracture of the distal radius, dorsal synovial proliferation of the rheumatoid wrist, and volar segment tear of the scapholunate and lunotriquetral interosseous ligaments. We had no complications with wrist arthroscopy using the volar approach in 230 patients. The volar approach for wrist arthroscopy is a valuable procedure to evaluate and treat various wrist disorders.Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery, Vol 19, No 4 (April), 2003: pp 440–445     

The volar portal in wrist arthroscopy

Wrist arthroscopy is not only a diagnostic tool; it has also developed into a valuable treatment alternative for several wrist disorders. All of the standard portals are dorsally located, leaving the dorsal sector of the radiocarpal and midcarpal joint partially invisible. A volar portal has been developed through the bed of the flexor carpi radialis tendon, thus expanding the therapeutic possibilities. We report our personal experience with the use of a volar portal in 28 of 206 (14%) wrist arthroscopies. No technical problems or neurovascular complications were encountered. We think the standardized approach as described is valuable and safe.     

Arthroscopic assessment of the volar region of the scapholunate interosseous ligament through a volar portal

PURPOSE: The volar region of the scapholunate interosseous ligament is one of the key structures that maintains scapholunate alignment. It is, however, difficult to evaluate this ligament using standard diagnostic procedures, including the arthroscopy through a dorsal portal. We have performed arthroscopic evaluation of this ligament through a volar portal. METHODS: Skin incision was made at just radial of the flexor carpi radialis tendon and the portal was opened through the tendon sheath. RESULTS: The volar approach enabled us to directly observe the extent of the tear of the volar region of scapholunate interosseous ligament. A shaver is inserted through the dorsal portal, and debridement can be performed by using the volar portal vein. We have not had any complications using volar portal. CONCLUSION: Volar approach is a feasible and safe procedure to evaluate and treat the volar region of the scapholunate interosseous ligament.     

掌侧锁定钢板联合背侧钛网治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折

目的比较掌侧锁定钢板与掌侧锁定钢板联合背侧钛网内固定治疗的桡骨远端粉碎性骨折的疗效。方法57例（65侧）桡骨远端粉碎性骨折患者,根据治疗方法分为锁定钢板固定组（对照组）31例（35侧）和掌侧锁定钢板联合背侧钛网内固定组（钛网组）26例（30侧）,比较两组术后桡骨远端掌倾角、尺偏角、桡骨远端相对长度以及腕关节功能评分。结果57例均得到随访,时间8～24（15．7±6．34）个月。影像学结果显示骨折均愈合。对照组桡骨远端掌倾角9°～17°（12．91°±2．16°）,尺偏角19°～26°（22．60°±1．80°）,桡骨远端相对长度0．9～1．6（1．27±0．18）cm;钛网组桡骨远端掌倾角9°-16°（12．93°±1．89°）,尺偏角19°-26°（22．07°±1．84°）,桡骨远端相对长度0．9～1．6（1．20±0．19）cm;两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,两组分别与参考值比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。末次随访时腕关节功能采用Fernandez标准评分：对照组优7侧,良22侧,可4侧,差2侧,优良率82．8％;钛网组优16侧,良11侧,可2侧,差1侧,优良率90．0％,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论掌侧锁定钢板联合背侧钛网内固定治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折术后患者腕关节功能恢复效果优于单纯锁定钢板内固定。     

小切口治疗腕管综合征14例报告

Objective　To introduce the technique of carpal tunnel release by small incision,and evaluate its outcome in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome.Methods　This method was applied in the operations of 14 cases of carpal tunnel syndrome.An incision 1.5 cm in length was made at the level of the proximal transverse wrist crease ulnar to the palmaris longus tendon.The proximal margin of the transverse carpal ligament was visualized and the ligament was cut subcutaneously under direct vision.The flexor digitorum tendons were retracted and the edematous synovium excised.Results　Follow - up of the patients 2 weeks postoperatively showed that the symptoms of numbess and pain disappeared in all 14 cases.Normal 2 - PD in the pulp of the thumb,index finger and long finger was ＜ 4 mm.One year after the operation,muscle atrophy in 5 patients who sustained preoperative thenar muscle atrophy was greatly improved with recovery of normal opponens function of the thumb.No pillar pain and injury of the ulnar nerve and superficial palmar arch was found.Conclusion　Carpal tunnel release under direct vision through a small incision is a new and effective surgical procedure.