多胎妊娠的分娩方式与围生儿状况及预后分析

目的探讨多胎妊娠的分娩方式与改善围生儿状况的针对性措施。方法选择1996年2月至2004年12月间在我院分娩的10240例单胎妊娠、98例多胎妊娠产妇及新生儿状况,对其临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果多胎妊娠的胎位异常、胎盘早剥、胎膜早破、早产、剖宫产的发生率明显高于单胎妊娠,围产儿死亡率、患病率及低体重儿,明显高于单胎妊娠,多胎妊娠并发症的发生率显著高于单胎妊娠。多胎妊娠剖宫产新生儿体重显著高于阴道分娩组（P〈0．01）,经阴分娩的多胎妊娠的新生儿窒息率和死亡率明显高于剖宫产组,尤其是经阴分娩者第二个新生儿窒息率明显高于剖宫产组（P〈0．05）。结论正确选择多胎妊娠的分娩方式,有利于改善多胎妊娠的围生儿状况及预后,降低围生儿病死率及新生儿窒息。     

多胎妊娠早期经阴道B超引导下选择性减胎术的临床应用

目的　总结多胎妊娠早期实施选择性减胎术的应用价值及体会。方法　在阴道B超引导下 ,对 9例通过辅助生殖技术妊娠的多胎患者 ,采用药物或结合机械法减灭胚胎。结果　在 9例患者中减为双胎 7例 ,减为单胎 2例 ,减胎时孕龄为 6+ 5～ 7+ 3 周 ,减胎前总胚胎数 2 8个 ,共减灭胚胎 12个。无一例感染及早期胚胎丢失。减胎的成功率为 10 0 %。 2例单胎妊娠全部足月分娩 ,无低出生体重儿及围产儿死亡 ;7例双胎妊娠中 ,晚期流产 1例 ,早产 4例 ,早产发生率 5 7.14 % (4 /7) ,低出生体重儿占 5 5 .5 6% (5 /9) ,围产儿病死率 3 5 .71% (5 /14 )。结论　尽管选择性减胎术对辅助生育技术中出现的多胎妊娠是有效的补救措施 ,但应从多方面控制和重视多胎妊娠 ,减少不良妊娠结局。     

妊娠期高血压疾病与围产儿关系分析

目的观察我院妊娠期高血压疾病328例与围产儿结局,并进行统计分析。方法选择我院2002年1月至2008年12月间收治的妊娠期高血压疾病组328例与正常妊娠组5960例围产儿结局进行统计,分析出生低体重儿发生率、新生儿窒息率和围产儿死亡率。结果妊娠期高血压疾病组328例中出生低体重儿发生率、新生儿窒息率和围产儿死亡率分别为10.36%、14.63%、24.39‰。正常妊娠组5960例中出生低体重儿发生率、新生儿窒息率和围产儿死亡率分别为5.21%、4.87%、6.38‰。结论2组对照妊娠期高血压疾病组出生低体重儿发生率、新生儿窒息率和围产儿死亡率明显增加,2组差异有显著性（P〈0.01）。     

常州市2001年至2004年围产儿死亡分析

采用双线双报制度，对常州市2001年至2004年间每年围产儿的死亡资料作回顾性分析。探讨围产儿死亡率变化趋势及死亡原因，为进一步减少围产儿死亡提供对策。结果：4年来常州市围产儿死亡率依次为9.26‰、6.50‰、4.25‰、5．37‰，总体呈下降趋势，前三位死因分别为畸形、脐带因素及早产低体重儿，其中畸形是历年来围产儿死亡的首要原因。提示降低围产儿死亡率的关键在于采取三级干预措施，降低围产期畸形儿的发生率，积极治疗各种妊娠并发症，同时加强产前诊断和产时监护。     

B超引导下选择性减胎术的手术配合及护理

目前由于在辅助生殖技术中行多个胚胎的移植以及移植后单卵双胎的发生,导致多胎妊娠发生率较高。多胎妊娠容易发生流产、早产、宫内发育迟缓及孕产妇并发症增加,严重威胁母婴安全,随着胎数的增加,围产儿病死率及发病率也明显增加。为提高存活儿的成熟与质量,降低孕妇妊娠合并征及并发症的发生率,行早期选择性减胎术并辅以针对性护理干预措施是非常必要的。     

1990～1992年昆山市围产儿死亡率及死因分析

１９９０～１９９２年昆山市围产儿死亡率为１６．９５‰前４位死因依次为低氧、呼吸功能障碍、早产低体重及先天畸形。围产儿死亡率增高因素的相对危险度分析，前６位因素是，早产低体重儿、羊水过多或过少、双胎儿、臀位产、妊娠合并内科病及胎膜早破。并对进一步降低围产儿死亡率措施进行讨论。     

双胎妊娠92例临床分析

目的 探讨双胎妊娠发生率、并发症以及围生儿死亡率.方法 对92例双胎妊娠资料进行回顾性分析.结果 双胎妊娠的发生率为14.62‰(92/6 293),合并症以胎膜早破、早产、妊娠高血压疾病、产后出血为多见,发生率分别为18.48%、10.87%、9.78%、11.96%.双胎妊娠的分娩方式以剖宫产为主,剖宫产58例,占63.04%.双胎围产儿死亡21例,死亡率为11.41%(21/184),是同期单胎围产儿死亡率1.32%的8.63倍.结论 双胎妊娠应加强产前监护,积极预防并发症,降低围产儿死亡率.     

双胎妊娠并发症的防治探讨

双胎妊娠并发症的防治探讨湖南省长沙市第一医院妇产科（４１０００５）谭运福关键词多胎妊娠分类号Ｒ７１４．２３多胎妊娠并发症多，早产发生率、围产儿死亡率亦高，而多胎妊娠中最常见者为双胎妊娠，其发生率为１：８９［１］。现将１９９１年－１９９５年２６例双胎妊...     

248例辅助生殖技术后双胎妊娠结局

目的探讨辅助生殖技术后多胎妊娠的临床结局。方法回顾性对照分析42例辅助生殖技术后双胎（A组）与143例辅助生殖技术后单胎（B组）、54例自然受孕双胎（C组）的孕期并发症、分娩方式及围产儿结局。结果辅助生殖双胎组卵巢过度刺激综合征、早产、胎膜早破、低体重儿发生率高于单胎组,而妊娠高血压疾病、妊娠期糖尿病等合并症的发生率与单胎组差异无显著性;辅助生殖双胎组与自然受孕双胎组母体合并症发生率差异无显著性,且新生儿预后良好。结论辅助生殖治疗多胎妊娠率高,为高危孕妇,故要予以高度重视,加强监护。     

121例多胎妊娠临床分析

目的 探讨多胎妊娠并发症、分娩方式及围生儿预后，预防及减少多胎妊娠的发生，正确处理多胎妊娠并发症，减少多胎妊娠对母婴的危害。方法 比较121例多胎妊娠与同期3925例单胎妊娠的产科并发症、围生儿情况；分析多胎妊娠孕周与围生儿预后的关系，多胎妊娠分娩方式与Apgar评分、围生儿预后的关系。结果 多胎妊娠并发妊娠高血压综合征、早产、贫血、羊水过多的发生率等明显高于对照组，多胎妊娠的死胎、死产、低体重儿、极低体重儿发生率明显高于对照组。新生儿窒息的发生率、围生儿死亡率高，胎龄〈34周的围生儿，其死产率、窒息率、早期死亡率明显高于胎龄≥34周者，足月围生儿死亡率与早产儿相比，差异有统计学意义p〈0．01。结论 多胎妊娠母婴并发症显著高于单胎妊娠，严格掌握促排卵药物的适应证，实施选择性减胎术，减少多胎妊娠的发生，加强多胎妊娠孕期监护，正确处理多胎妊娠并发症，选择合理的分娩时机与分娩方式，减少其对母婴的危害。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.