C－myc癌基因在胃癌和癌前病变中的表达

 本研究采用生物素标记的C-myc癌基因为探针，检测70例胃部标本中C-myc癌基因mRNA的表达。结果发现C-myc癌基因的高表达在胃癌中占60.4%,在胃的良性病变中占27.27%,两者之间有显着性差异（P<0.05）.在48例胃癌的癌旁上皮中，C-myc癌基因高表达占37.5%,其中19例有不典型增生的癌旁上皮，高表达占78.95%,而无不典型增生的癌分上皮高表达只占10.34%.结果提示C-myc癌基因的高表达与胃粘膜上皮的异型增生有关，与胃癌的临床预后的关系还有待进一步探索。     

多结节原发性肝癌和癌旁组织中多个癌基因表达的分析

为寻找肝癌发生过程中较为重要的癌基因，并用于基因诊断作者应用Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ印迹法分析８例多结节肝癌及相应癌旁组织中的ＩＧＦ－Ⅱ，ｃ－ｍｙｃ，Ｎ－ｒａｓ３种癌基因的表达水平，结果发现３种癌基因在８例癌结节中呈不同程度的过量表达。其中１例的各个癌结节中３个癌基因表达程度基本平行。ＩＧＦ－Ⅱ和ｃ－ｍｙｃ在癌旁组织呈过量表达，其中３例ＩＧＦ－Ⅱ的表达超过癌组织，而Ｎ－ｒａｓ在癌旁组织的表达都接近正常。提示ＩＧＦ－Ⅱ和ｃ－ｍｙｃ基因与肝细胞增生有关，而Ｎ－ｒａｓ过量表达具有诊断意义。     

癌基因rasp^21,c—myc和p^53在乳腺增生与乳腺癌中的表达相…

应用Ｓ－Ｐ微波免疫组化法检测乳腺单纯性增生，不典型增生各２０例，乳腺癌４０例中ｒａｓｐ２１、ｃ－ｍｙｃ、Ｐ５３基因产物的表达，结果：ｒａｓｐ２１在不典型增生和癌中阳性表达率均较高，在癌中与ｃ－ｍｙｃ、Ｐ５３基因的联合表达率亦高，表达Ｐ２１基因在细胞早期癌变过程中具有引发作用，为癌的启动基因，ｒａｓ基因的激活 癌需有其他癌基因的协同，和ｃ－ｍｙｃ基因互补，ｃ－ｍｙｃ和Ｐ５３在乳腺癌及伴有转移的癌中表     

差异竞争性PCR定量扩增胃癌及转移灶癌基因HER2和C-myc

目的 介绍差异竞争性多聚酶链反应（ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｉａｌｌｙ ｃｏｍｐｅｔｉｔｉｖｅ ＰＣＲ，ＤＣ－ＰＣＲ），并分析癌基因ＨＥＲ２和Ｃ－ｍｙｃ变异与胃癌生物学行为的关系。方法 用ＤＣ－ＰＣＲ定量检测胃原发癌、癌旁、转移淋巴结及远处脏器转移癌中ＨＥＲ２和Ｃ－ｍｙｃ扩增。结果 ＨＥＲ２扩增频率在近端胃癌组中高于远端胃癌组（分别是８４．６％和２６．３％，Ｐ〈０．０５），侵及浆膜组明显高于未侵及浆膜组（     

人胃癌组织中C—myc癌基因甲基化及其表达的研究

目的：研究胃癌及正常胃粘膜ｃ－ｍｙｃ基因外显子ⅢＣＣＧＧ位点的甲基化状态及其ｍＲＮＡ表达及ＳＡＢＣ法检测胃癌４５例、胃溃疡１４例、不典型增生１０例ｐ６７表达。结果：胃癌ｃ－ｍｙｃ基因外显子ⅢＣＣＧＧ位点比其相应正常胃粘膜呈高度去甲基化，ｍＲＮＡ表达升高（ｐ〈０．００１），ＤＮＡ去甲基化与ｍＲＮＡ表达存在相关性（ｐ〈０．０２５），ｐ６７在胃癌、不典型增生、胃溃疡表达率分别为８４．４４％（３８／４５）     

人原发性肝癌及癌周肝组织内C－myc表达研究

应用免疫组化方法检测了５８例原发性肝癌组织石蜡切片中Ｃ－ｍｙｃ蛋白的表达。结果显示，Ｃ－ｍｙｃ蛋白在肝癌组织及其癌周肝组织中表达的阳性率分别为６８．９７％（４０／５８）及６５．５２％（３８／５８）。Ｃ－ｍｙｃ蛋白表达的增加与ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性、肝硬化及具有明显肝细胞不典型增生、癌周肝内转移、肿瘤无纤维包膜密切相关。值得注意的是，肝癌手术切除患者中，Ｃ－ｍｙｃ蛋白表达增加则肿瘤复发机率亦增高。文中还讨论了Ｃ－ｍｙｃ蛋白的表达与原发性肝癌发生的可能作用。     

原癌基因c－myc在睾丸肿瘤中扩增与表达分析

目的研究ｃ－ｍｙｃ基因与睾丸肿瘤的关系。方法应用核酸分子杂交方法检测２７例睾丸肿瘤（精原细胞瘤２３例，胚胎性瘤２例，畸胎瘤和淋巴瘤各１例）组织中ｃ－ｍｙｃ基因的扩散，并用免疫组织化学的亲和素－生物素－过氧化物酶复合物（ＡＢＣ）法检测ｃ－ｍｙｃ蛋白表达水平。结果２７例睾丸肿瘤中ｃ－ｍｙｃ基因扩增２例（７．４％），与肿瘤病理分级、临床分期无关；ｃ－ｍｙｃ蛋白阳性表达１２例（４４．１％），而正常睾丸组织和肿瘤旁组织为阴性，且与分化程度和病期早晚有关。结论睾丸肿瘤中ｃ－ｍｙｃ基因扩增不显著，但ｃ－ｍｙｃ蛋白表达与肿瘤恶性程度有明显相关性，可能成为睾丸肿瘤预后的指标。     

肺癌癌基因蛋白产物同步检测的对比分析

用免疫组织化学方法对７４例肺癌连续切片组织同步进行了ｒａｓ、Ｃ－ｍｙｃ、Ｐ５３三种癌基因蛋白产物的检测。结果显示ｒａｓＰ２１、Ｃ－ｍｙｃＰ６２、和Ｐ５３阳性表达率分别为７１．６％、６４．８％和３３．８％。而癌旁支气管粘膜及腺体分别为１６．１％、２２．６％和０。Ｐ２１和Ｐ６２之间的阳性率无统计学差别（Ｐ〉０．０５），表明这二个癌基因在肺癌发生发展中，具有同等的重要性。有两种以上癌基因蛋白同时表达阳性     

胃癌多基因表达的同步检测

应用ＬＳＡＢ和ＡＢＣ法对７５例胃癌及癌旁组织进行了ｐ５３、ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２、ＥＧＦＲ和ｒａｓ表达的研究。结果显示：（１）７５例胃癌ｐ５３、ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２、ＥＧＦＲ和ｒａｓ表达阳性率分别为４１．３％、１８．７％、６１．３％和４６．７％。ｐ５３在肠型胃癌中阳性率为５２．６％，高于弥漫型胃癌的２９．７％（Ｐ＜０．０５）；在早期胃癌中阳性率较高（６０．０％），癌旁重度异型增生亦有阳性表达（２／４）。ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２阳性表达只限于癌灶，而癌旁组织均为阴性。ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２在高分化胃癌中阳性率较高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。ＥＧＦＲ表达与胃癌的大体类型、生长方式、分化程度、淋巴结受累和远处转移呈正相关（Ｐ＜０．０５）。（２）ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２和ＥＧＦＲ在胃癌中的表达互相独立。（３）ｒａｓ表达与ＥＧＦＲ表达呈正相关，而与ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２呈负相关。（４）ｐ５３表达与其它基因表达无明显关系。上述结果表明，胃癌发生发展过程中伴有多种癌基因的变化，其出现时间不同，意义也不一样。     

人膀胱移行细胞癌c－myc、Ha－ras mRNA异常表达与临床肿瘤生物学行为的对照研究

目的探讨ｃ－ｍｙｃ、Ｈａ－ｒａｓ癌基因在人膀胱移行细胞癌中的表达及其与肿瘤恶性程度和临床特性的关系。方法应用地高辛（Ｄｉｇ）标记的ｃＤＮＡ探针对５１例膀胱移行细胞癌石蜡切片进行ｃ－ｍｙｃ、Ｈａ－ｒａｓｍＲＮＡ原位杂交检测。结果ｃ－ｍｙｃｍＲＮＡ阳性表达率为６２．７５％（３２／５１），Ｈａ－ｒａｓ为７０．５９％（３６／５１）。两者阳性率或阳性强度随恶性程度升高而增加。在临床分期较高的肿瘤中，两者亦呈高表达。结论ｃ－ｍｙｃ、ｎａ－ｒａｓ癌基因参与人膀胱移行细胞癌恶性转化过程，其异常表达可能与恶性程度及肿瘤浸润程度也有关系。     

胃粘膜异型增生和胃癌中Survivin基因的表达及相关性研究

目的 :探讨凋亡相关基因survivin在胃癌和胃粘膜异型增生组织中的表达 ,及其与bcl 2、p53和PCNA表达的相关性。方法 :利用免疫组织化学SP法检测 60例胃癌、3 0例胃粘膜异型增生和 8例正常胃粘膜中survivin、bcl 2、p53和PCNA的表达。 结果 :survivin在轻中重度异型增生和癌组织中阳性表达率分别是 10 %、13 %、80 %和 82 %。轻中重度异型增生survivin阳性表达率明显低于重度异型增生和癌 (P <0 0 1)而在重度异型增生与癌间无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5)。survivin阳性表达与胃癌组织学类型无关 (P >0 0 5) ,与浸润深度、淋巴结转移和生存期关系密切 (P <0 0 1、P <0 0 1、P <0 0 5)。survivin表达与bcl 2、p53和PCNAⅢ～Ⅳ级呈正相关 (P <0 0 1)。结论 :survivin基因在胃癌的发生、发展中起重要作用 ,检测survivin基因蛋白可对胃癌预后分析和进一步治疗提供有效依据 ,survivin与bcl 2和 p53一样可作为判断肿瘤预后的指标     

幽门螺杆菌感染和环氧合酶-2表达在胃癌发生中的作用

目的探讨幽门螺杆菌 (Hp) 感染和环氧合酶-2(COX-2)表达在胃癌发生中的作用.方法 138例胃镜活检标本包括慢性非萎缩性胃炎30例,慢性萎缩性胃炎85例(其中伴有中度以上肠化生45例,中、重度异型增生12例),和胃癌23例.快速尿素酶试验和组织学改良Giemsa染色联合检测Hp,免疫组化检查COX-1和COX-2表达.结果胃癌的Hp阳性率为69.6%,显著高于慢性非萎缩性胃炎的36.7%(P<0.05).慢性非萎缩性胃炎、慢性萎缩性胃炎、肠化生、异型增生和胃癌的COX-2表达率分别为10.0%、37.6%、37.8%、41.7%和69.6%,而不同胃黏膜病变中COX-1表达无明显差异.慢性萎缩性胃炎、肠化生和异型增生中Hp阳性病例的COX-2表达显著高于Hp阴性病例(P<0.01).结论 Hp感染及其诱导的COX-2表达可能是胃癌发生的早期事件之一.     

Antigen MG7 in gastric cancer and gastric precancerous lesions

Earlydetectionandearlydiagnosisofgastriccancerareessentialtodecreasethemortalityandincreasesurvivalrateofgastriccancer.TheZhuangheregioninLiaoningProvinceisahighriskareaofgastriccancerandanimportantresearchbaseforgastriccancerpreventionandtreatmentinChina[1].AlargescalescreeningofgastriccancerinthisareawascarriedoutbytheCancerInstituteofChinaMedicalUniversitypreviously.Inthepresentstudy,thegastricmucosasamplesfromthescreeningwereusedtoinvestigatethedynamicexpressionofgastriccancer-associat…     

syndecan-1在胃黏膜癌变不同阶段组织中的表达及意义

目的探讨黏附分子syndecan-1在胃癌癌变各阶段的表达及其在胃癌发生和转移中的意义。方法选取56例慢性浅表性胃炎、50例慢性萎缩性胃炎、59例肠化生、61例中重度异型增生、55例无淋巴结转移胃癌、57例有淋巴结转移胃癌的病理组织蜡块,采用免疫组化ABC法检测syndecan-1在胃黏膜癌变各阶段组织中的表达。结果慢性浅表性胃炎组、慢性萎缩性胃炎组、肠化生组、中重度异型增生组、无淋巴结转移胃癌组、有淋巴结转移胃癌组syndecan-1阳性表达率分别为96.43%、98.00%、100.00%、91.80%、45.45%和24.56%。慢性浅表性胃炎组、慢性萎缩性胃炎组、肠化生组3组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);肠化生组与中重度异型增生组、中重度异型增生组与无淋巴结转移胃癌组、无淋巴结转移胃癌组与有淋巴结转移胃癌组之间差异均有统计学意义(P均< 0.05)。低分化胃癌组syndecan-1阳性表达率为24.62%,明显低于中、高分化胃癌组(42.55%)。结论黏附分子syndecan-1表达下调与胃癌的发生有关,并可能进一步促进胃癌转移。     

胃癌组织Skp2表达的意义及其与P27、PTEN表达的关系

背景与目的:S期激酶相关蛋白2(S-phaseKinase-associatedProtein2,Skp2)促进泛素介导的细胞周期素依赖激酶抑制剂P27蛋白降解,是细胞G1-S期转化所必需。研究发现Skp2过表达参与细胞转化和肿瘤的形成。本研究旨在探讨人胃癌Skp2表达的意义及Skp2与P27和PTEN表达的关系。方法:采用免疫组化法检测胃癌组织及配对癌旁胃粘膜138例、配对淋巴结转移癌组织102例、非典型增生30例、肠上皮化生30例、慢性浅表性胃炎10例和正常胃粘膜5例Skp2表达及138例胃癌P27和PTEN的表达。结果:Skp2的标记率(%)在肠化(12.68±0.86)及癌旁胃粘膜(19.32±1.22)均明显高于慢性浅表性胃炎(0.53±0.13)及正常胃粘膜(0.47±0.19)(P<0.001),后两者无显著性差异(P﹥0.05);非典型增生(16.74±0.82)明显高于肠化(P<0.001);原发胃癌(31.34±2.17)明显高于非典型增生及癌旁胃粘膜(P<0.001);淋巴结转移胃癌组织(39.76±2.00)明显高于原发胃癌(P=0.037)。胃癌Skp2标记率与分化程度(rs=0.315,P=0.000)、脉管内瘤栓(rs=0.303,P=0.000)及淋巴结转移(rs=0.254,P=0.000)呈正相关。胃癌Skp2表达与靶蛋白P27表达(rs=-0.451,P=0.000)和肿瘤抑制蛋白PTEN(rs=-0.480,P=0.000)表达呈负相关;胃癌PTEN表达与P27表达呈正相关(rs=0.642,P=0.000)。结论:胃癌Skp2蛋白过表达与P27蛋白降解及PTEN蛋白低表达有关,提示Skp2蛋白过表达可能是胃癌发生和发展的一个重要原因。     

Expression of Cdx2 and claudin-2 in the multistage tissue of gastric carcinogenesis

In this paper, we investigated Cdx2 and claudin-2 expression in pathological paraffin tissues of sinus ventriculi from gastroscopic biopsy to determine the correlation between the expressions of these 2 genes during gastric carcinogenesis by immunochemical ABC technique. Altogether, we analyzed 108 chronic superficial gastritis, 55 chronic atrophic gastritis, 109 intestinal-type metaplasia, 93 dysplasia and 52 gastric intestinal-type adenocarcinoma samples. Our results indicated that the percentage of Cdx2-positive cases was 0% (0/108) for chronic superficial gastritis, 0% (0/55) for chronic atrophic gastritis, 90.83% (99/109) for intestinal-type metaplasia, 51.61% (48/93) for dysplasia and 61.54% (32/52) for gastric intestinal-type adenocarcinoma, primarily expressed in the cell nucleus and partly in the cytoplasm (p < 0.05); interestingly, the percentage for the intestine-type metaplasia was markedly high. The percentage of claudin-2-positive cases was 0% (0/108) for chronic superficial gastritis, 0% (0/55) for chronic atrophic gastritis, 0% (0/109) for intestinal-type metaplasia, 35.48% (33/93) for dysplasia and 71.15% (37/52) for gastric intestinal-type adenocarcinoma, primarily in the cell membrane and gradually increased in the multistage process of gastric carcinogenesis (p < 0.05). Significant correlations were found between claudin-2 and Cdx2 protein expression in dysplasia and intestine-type adenocarcinoma (r = 0.112, p < 0.05). Thus, there may be a correlation between the expression of claudin-2 and Cdx2 in stages of dysplasia and cancer.     

Alpha-methylacyl-CoA-racemase expression in adenocarcinoma, dysplasia and non-neoplastic epithelium of the stomach

Alpha-methylacyl-CoA-racemase (AMACR) is an essential enzyme in the oxidation of bile acid intermediates and branched-chain fatty acids. This study aims to examine the expression pattern, as well as diagnostic and prognostic significance, of AMACR in carcinoma, dysplasia and non-neoplastic epithelium of the stomach. A total of 158 cases, including 66 cases of gastric carcinoma (GC), 48 cases of dysplasia and 44 cases of non-neoplastic gastric mucosa, were examined by immunohistochemistry for AMACR. AMACR expression was divided into two categories: negative (negative-weak staining intensity) and positive (moderate-strong staining intensity). AMACR immunoreactivity was detected in only 2 of 44 (4.5%) cases of non-neoplastic epithelium. A significantly high frequency of AMACR expression was found in 40 of 48 (83.3%) cases of dysplasia and 34 of 66 (51.5%) carcinoma cases compared with cases of non-neoplastic epithelium (p < 0.05). The frequency of AMACR expression was significantly higher in dysplasia than in carcinoma cases (p < 0.05). AMACR expression was higher in intestinal- than diffuse-type GC (p < 0.05). In conclusion, this study suggests that AMACR immunostaining aids in distinguishing malignant or precancerous lesions from reactive epithelial atypia in gastric biopsy specimens. It also suggests that AMACR expression is more likely to be associated with intestinal-type adenocarcinoma in gastric carcinogenesis.     

Expression of CDX2 and villin in gastric cardiac intestinal metaplasia and the relation with gastric cardiac carcinogenesis

Objective: To determine whether CDX2 and villin protein expression are associated with intestinal metaplasia(IM) in gastric cardiac mucosa and to explore the relationship with evolution of gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma(GCA). Methods: We studied 143 gastric cardiac biopsy or resection specimens from Henan province China,including 25 cardiac gastritis specimens with IM, 65 dysplasia specimens with IM and 35 gastric cardiacadenocarcinoma specimens and stained them for CDX2 and villin by the immunohistochemical SP method.15 normal gastric cardiac biopsy specimens were also collected as control. Results: (1) Normal gastric mucosapresented no CDX2 and villin expression. The positive rates of CDX2 protein in cardiac gastritis with IM,dysplasia with IM, and carcinoma tissues were 84.0% (21/25), 66.7% (32/48) and 36.4% (20/55), respectively.While the positive rates of villin protein in cardiac gastritis with IM, dysplasia with IM, and carcinoma tissueswere 76.0% (19/25), 70.8% (34/48) and 45.5% (25/55), respectively.There were significant differences among thethree groups for both CDX2 and villin (P<0.01). Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient(rho) showed a closecorrelation between the two proteins (r=0.843, P<0.01) and both were positively related with tumor differentiation(both P<0.05), but not associated with age, sex, invasion and metastasis of lymph node (P>0.05). Conclusion: Ourresults suggest that ectopic expression of CDX2 and villin may be involved in early-stage IM and tumorigenesisin gastric cardia and the expression of villin may be regulated by CDX2.     

Musashi-1在胃癌及其癌前病变中的表达及意义

目的:分析Musashi-1(Msi-1)的表达及Msi-1+/PCNA-(proliferating cell nuclear antigen,增殖细胞核抗原)细胞与胃癌及其癌前病变的关系及意义.方法:采用免疫组织化学方法检测胃黏膜不同病变及胃癌中Musashi-1的表达情况,免疫组化双染法检测部分病例中Msi-1+/PCNA-细胞的分布情况.结果:自慢性浅表性胃炎、慢性萎缩性胃炎、肠上皮化生、异型增生,Msi-1的表达强度逐渐增强(rk=0.407,P<0.001),而胃癌组织中Msi-1的表达较异型增生显著下调(P<0.001).Msi-1的表达与胃癌组织学分化程度相关,在发生淋巴结转移组表达增加(P<0.05),而与胃癌患者的年龄、性别及大体分型无关(P>0.05).不同胃黏膜病变及胃癌组织中均有少量Musashi-1+/PCNA-细胞散在分布.结论:Msi-1异常表达与胃黏膜上皮细胞恶性转化及胃癌的组织学分化及淋巴结转移有关,其具体分子机制尚需进一步深入研究.胃黏膜不同病变及胃癌组织中均存在少量Msi-1+/PCNA-表型细胞,其生物学意义尚不十分明确.