凋膜止崩液对无排卵性功血大鼠子宫内膜组织ER、ERα及ERβ表达的影响

目的:探讨凋膜止崩液官腔靶向给药治疗无排卵性功能失调性子宫出血(功血)子宫内膜增生症的可能机制.方法:选取健康成年SD雌性大鼠48只,分为空白组、模型对照组、实验小剂量组和实验大剂量组,建立无排卵性功血子宫内膜增生症模型.凋膜止崩液官腔内给药后3d处死,留取子宫标本,采用免疫组化技术检测各组大鼠子宫内膜组织中雌激素受体(ER)、ERα及ERβ的表达水平.结果:模型对照组ER、ERα、ERβ的表达高于空白组,实验大、小剂量组ER、ERα、ERβ的表达低于模型对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.001),实验大剂量组ER、ERα和ERβ水平低于实验小剂量组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论:凋膜止崩液通过下调ER、ERα及ERβ阻断了雌激素发挥效应的通路,抑制子宫内膜的持续性增生从而治疗子宫内膜增生症.     

姜黄素对大鼠子宫内膜异位症激素及受体的影响

目的:探讨姜黄素(crucumin)治疗大鼠子宫内膜异位症的治疗机制。方法:采用雌性SD清洁级大鼠建立模型子宫内膜异位症模型,分为空白对照组、模型组、孕三烯酮组、姜黄素组。给药3周后,酶联免疫反应法(ELISA)测血清雌二醇(E2)、孕酮(P)的含量,SP法检测异位子宫内膜组织雌激素受体α(ERα)、雌激素受体β(ERβ)、孕激素受体(PR)的表达。结果:孕三烯酮组、姜黄素组血清E2、P含量和异位组织ERα、ERβ、PR的表达与模型组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),孕三烯酮组、姜黄素组组间无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:姜黄素能降低血清E2、大鼠子宫内膜异位组织ERα、ERβ表达,提高血清P含量与异位组织PR的表达,抑制模型大鼠异位内膜的生长,实现治疗目的。     

凋膜止崩液对ADUB模型大鼠子宫内膜组织ER及α、β亚型表达的影响

目的 探讨凋膜止崩液宫腔靶向给药治疗无排卵功血(ADUB)子宫内膜增生症的可能机制,为临床治疗ADUB提供一种新方法。方法 卵巢去势后利用雌激素负荷法建立ADUB子宫内膜增生症大鼠模型,凋膜止崩液宫腔内给药后处死,留取子宫标本,采用免疫组化技术检测各组大鼠子宫内膜组织中雌激素受体（estrogen receptor,ER）、ERα、β亚型的表达变化。结果 模型对照组与空白组比较,ER、ERα、β表达明显升高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。实验大、小剂量组与模型对照组比较,ER、ERα、β表达下调,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,而实验大、小剂量组间比较无显著性差异（P＞0.05）。结论 凋膜止崩液使ADUB模型大鼠子宫内膜组织ER、ERα、β表达下调,阻断了雌激素发挥效应的通路,从而抑制子宫内膜的持续性增生,达到了治疗子宫内膜增生症的目的。     

二苯乙烯苷的雌激素样作用及其对性未成熟小鼠子宫ER表达的影响

目的:探讨二苯乙烯苷(TSG)的雌激素样作用,以及其对性未成熟小鼠子宫雌激素受体(ER)表达的影响。方法:将60只性未成熟雌性昆明种小鼠随机分为正常组,阳性对照组(戊酸雌二醇,0.18 mg/kg),TSG低、高剂量组(50、150 mg/kg),TSG低、高剂量+戊酸雌二醇组(剂量同单用组)。正常组小鼠灌胃等体积水,各给药组小鼠灌胃相应药物溶液0.2 mL/10 g,早晚各1次,连续5d。末次给药次日,测定并计算各组小鼠子宫指数和体质量增幅;采用酶联免疫吸附测定法检测其血清雌激素[雌二醇(E_2)、黄体生成素(LH)、卵泡雌激素(FSH)]含量;采用苏木精-伊红染色法观察其子宫组织形态学特征,并检测子宫管径和子宫内膜厚度;采用免疫组织化学染色法检测其子宫组织中ER(ER-α、ER-β)的表达水平。结果:正常组小鼠子宫肌层排列平行、紧密,子宫上皮呈单层柱状,ER-α、ER-β表达较少;各给药组小鼠子宫管径、内膜及上皮均不同程度地增大、增厚或增生,ER-α、ER-β表达有所变化。与正常组比较,各给药组小鼠子宫指数(阳性对照组、TSG高剂量组、TSG各剂量+戊酸雌二醇组)、体质量增幅(阳性对照组、TSG高剂量组、TSG低剂量+戊酸雌二醇组)、子宫管径及内膜厚度(阳性对照组、TSG低剂量组、TSG各剂量+戊酸雌二醇组)、ER-α的表达量(阳性对照组、TSG各剂量+戊酸雌二醇组)、ER-β的表达量(阳性对照组、TSG高剂量组+戊酸雌二醇联用组)均显著升高,血清LH(阳性对照组、TSG高剂量组)、FSH(TSG低剂量+戊酸雌二醇组)水平均显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01);TSG各剂量+戊酸雌二醇组小鼠子宫指数、子宫管径及内膜厚度、ER-α及ER-β的表达量以及TSG低剂量+戊酸雌二醇组小鼠体质量增幅、血清E_2含量均显著高于TSG同剂量单用组(P<0.05或P<0.01);TSG各剂量组小鼠子宫指数、子宫管径及内膜厚度、ER-α及ER-β的表达量,TSG各剂量+戊酸雌二醇组小鼠子宫管径、ER-β的表达量以及TSG低剂量组小鼠体质量增幅均显著低于阳性对照组,而TSG各剂量+戊酸雌二醇组小鼠血清LH水平均显著高于阳性对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:TSG可一定程度地增加性未成熟小鼠的子宫指数和体质量,并调节其体内雌激素水平,增加子宫管径及内膜厚度,上调子宫组织中ER的表达,具有一定的雌激素样作用。但这种作用弱于戊酸雌二醇,且两者联合使用可能会拮抗戊酸雌二醇的作用。     

中药益坤宁对围绝经期大鼠卵巢雌激素受体表达的影响

目的观察中药益坤宁对围绝经期大鼠卵巢雌激素受体(estrogen receptor,ER)α、ERβmRNA和蛋白表达的影响。方法12月龄雌性Wistar大鼠随机分为老年模型组、西药利维爱组、中药益坤宁组,连续灌胃给药4周;以5月龄大鼠作为青年对照组。采用RT-PCR和免疫组织化学检测大鼠卵巢中ERα、ERβmRNA和蛋白的表达。结果RT-PCR和免疫组织化学结果都显示:老年模型组大鼠卵巢ERα、ERβmRNA和蛋白表达明显低于青年组(P<0.05),中药益坤宁组和西药利维爱组ERα、ERβmRNA和蛋白表达明显升高,与老年模型组相比有显著性差异(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论中药益坤宁上调大鼠卵巢ERα、ERβ的表达,可能是治疗围绝经期综合征的作用机制之一。     

雌激素及其受体在子宫内膜息肉发生、发展中的作用机制研究

目的 探讨雌激素及其受体(ERβ)在子宫内膜息肉发生、发展中的作用机制.方法 选择子宫内膜息肉患者45例作为子宫内膜息肉组;另外选择同期正常子宫内膜组织20例作为正常子宫内膜组.检测雌二醇的浓度、雌性激素受体α、β(ERα、ERβ)的含量并比较.结果 子宫内膜息肉组患者子宫内膜组织中雌二醇浓度为(2.8±0.9) pmol/L,外周血中雌二醇浓度为(68.2±10.7) poml/L,两者呈正相关关系(r=0.786,P＜0.01);正常子宫内膜组患者子宫内膜组织中雌二醇浓度为(2.9 ±0.1) pmol/L,外周血中雌二醇浓度为(66.9±14.5) pmol/L,两者亦呈正相关关系(r=0.790,P＜0.01);子宫内膜息肉组和正常子宫内膜组中子宫内膜间质细胞中的ERα、ERβ含量差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05).结论 雌激素及其受体在子宫内膜间质细胞中的高表达,可能是子宫内膜息肉的发生重要因素.     

血腑逐瘀汤对子宫肌瘤雌激素受体和BCL-2 表达的影响

目的探讨血腑逐瘀汤对子宫肌瘤雌激素受体、BCL-2表达的影响及其作用机制。方法采用肌注雌激素法造模,把SD大鼠随机分成对照组、模型对照组、低剂量组、中剂量组和高剂量组,用免疫组化法测定大鼠子宫内膜中ER含量以及凋亡基因Bcl-2蛋白的表达。结果随着血腑逐瘀汤剂量的增大,大鼠子宫重量和大鼠子宫内膜ER含量明显降低;平滑肌Bcl-2蛋白表达明显增多(P<0.01)。结论血腑逐瘀汤可显著抑制子宫肌瘤雌激素受体的表达,同时可降低子宫肌瘤模型大鼠细胞凋亡蛋白Bcl-2阳性表达。     

香虎清妇炎颗粒对大鼠子宫内膜异位症ER、PR、VEGF的影响

目的 研究香虎清妇炎颗粒对实验性子宫内膜异位症大鼠ER、PR、VEGF的影响.方法 用大鼠子宫组织块自体腹壁移植的方法复制EMT模型.模型复制成功后,随机分为香虎清妇炎颗粒高、中、低剂量组(分别给予香虎清妇炎颗粒1.125 g·kg-1、0.75 g·kg-1及0.375 g·kg-1),阳性对照组(给予达那唑0.2 g·kg-1)及模型组;另取大鼠,切除同侧子宫组织,作为假手术对照组.各组大鼠每天用药1次,连续4周.用免疫组化方法检测香虎清妇炎颗粒对异位子宫内膜雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达的影响.结果 与模型组大鼠比较,香虎清妇炎颗粒各个剂量组的异位子宫内膜ER、PR(P<0.05)和VEGF(P<0.01)的表达明显降低.结论 香虎清妇炎颗粒可通过降低异位内膜中ER、PR、VEGF的表达水平,使异位内膜对E2、P的反应性下降,抑制异位内膜血管形成,从而抑制异位内膜的生长.     

雌激素受体α、β及细胞周期蛋白D1、癌基因蛋白质P21 在子宫内膜癌组织中的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨雌激素受体α(ERα)、β(ERβ)及细胞周期调控因子CyclinD1、P21在子宫内膜癌组织中的蛋白表达水平及相关的临床意义。方法 选取徐州市中心医院2016年1月至2017年12月65例子宫内膜癌组织、30例子宫内膜不典型增生组织以及30例正常子宫内膜组织,利用免疫组织化学染色检测各组组织中ERα、ERβ、CyclinD1和P21的蛋白表达水平。结果 ERα、ERβ、CyclinD1和P21蛋白在子宫内膜癌(47.69%、32.31%、76.92%、49.23%)、子宫内膜不典型增生(90.00%、46.67%、43.33%、66.67%)和正常子宫内膜(73.33%、63.33%、13.33%、96.67%)三组间的阳性表达率均差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。ERα在子宫内膜不典型增生组织中阳性表达率最高,ERβ和P21在正常子宫内膜组织中阳性表达率最高,CyclinD1在子宫内膜癌组织中阳性表达率最高。在子宫内膜癌组织中,ERα在Ⅲ-Ⅳ期、低分化、肌层浸润深度≥1/2以及有淋巴结转移的组织中阳性表达率降低(P＜0.05);ERβ在Ⅲ-Ⅳ期组织中的阳性表达率低于Ⅰ-Ⅱ期病人(P＜0.05);CyclinD1在低分化和肌层浸润深度≥1/2的组织中具有较高的阳性表达率(P＜0.05);而P21在Ⅰ-Ⅱ期、高中分化以及肌层浸润深度＜1/2的组织中具有较高的阳性表达率。结论 ERα和ERβ可能在子宫内膜癌形成及进展过程中发挥不同的作用,CyclinD1在子宫内膜癌中可能发挥促进癌症形成及进展的作用,P21在子宫内膜癌中则可能发挥抑制癌症形成及进展的作用。     

雌激素受体α、β及基质金属蛋白酶-9在人甲状腺乳头状癌中的表达及意义

目的 研究雌激素受体 α(ERα)、雌激素受体 β(ERβ)及基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)在人甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)组织中的表达及意义.方法 应用免疫组织化学法的Elivision两步法检测ERα、ERβ和MMP-9在200例PTC和100例结节性甲状腺肿(NTG)中的表达.结果 ERα在PTC中阳性表达率为56.00%(112/200),在NTG中的阳性表达率为8.00%(8/100),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);ERβ在PTC中的的阳性表达率为70.00%(140/200),在NTG中的阳性表达率为58.00%(58/100),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);MMP-9在PTC中的阳性表达率为82.00%(164/200),在NTG中的阳性表达率为65.00%(65/100),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).在PTC中,ERα表达与性别有关(P<0.01),MMP9的表达与包膜侵犯、淋巴结转移及TNM分期有关(P<0.05).ERα和MMP-9的表达呈正相关(P<0.01),ERβ和MMP-9的表达呈负相关(P<0.01).结论 ERα、ERβ及MMP-9与PTC的发生发展有关,且ERα和ERβ都与MMP-9的表达相关,三者之间的相关性可以为进一步研究PTC提供一定的基础.     

Quantitative in vivo and in vitro sex differences in artemisinin metabolism in rat

1. The pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial compound artemisinin were compared in the male and female Sprague-Dawley rat after single dose i.v. (20 mg.kg) or i.p. (50 mg.kg) administration of an emulsion formulation. 2. Plasma clearance of artemisinin was 12.0 (95% confidence interval: 10.4, 13.0) l.h. kg in the male rat and 10.6 (95% CI: 7.5, 15.0) l.h. kg in the female rat suggesting high hepatic extraction in combination with erythrocyte uptake or clearance. Artemisinin half-life was 0.5 h after both routes of administration in both sexes. Values for plasma clearance and half-lives did not statistically differ between the sexes. 3. After i.p. administration artemisinin AUCs were 2-fold higher in the female compared with male rat (p 0.001). Artemisinin disappearance was 3.9-fold greater in microsomes from male compared with female livers and it was inhibited in male microsomes by goat or rabbit serum containing antibodies against CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 but not CYP2B1 or CYP2E1. 4. The unbound fraction of artemisinin in plasma was lower (p 0.001) in plasma obtained from the male (8.8 2.0%) compared with the female rat (11.7 2.2%). 5. The possibility of a marked sex difference, dependent on the route of administration, has to be taken into account in the design and interpretation of toxicological studies of artemisinin in this species.     

Quantitative in vivo and in vitro sex differences in artemisinin metabolism in rat

1. The pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial compound artemisinin were compared in the male and female Sprague-Dawley rat after single dose i.v. (20 mg x kg(-1)) or i.p. (50 mg x kg(-1)) administration of an emulsion formulation. 2. Plasma clearance of artemisinin was 12.0 (95% confidence interval: 10.4, 13.0) 1 x h(-1) x kg(-1) in the male rat and 10.6 (95% CI: 7.5, 15.0) 1 x h(-1) x kg(-1) in the female rat suggesting high hepatic extraction in combination with erythrocyte uptake or clearance. Artemisinin half-life was approximately 0.5 h after both routes of administration in both sexes. Values for plasma clearance and half-lives did not statistically differ between the sexes. 3. After i.p. administration artemisinin AUCs were 2-fold higher in the female compared with male rat (p < 0.001). Artemisinin disappearance was 3.9-fold greater in microsomes from male compared with female livers and it was inhibited in male microsomes by goat or rabbit serum containing antibodies against CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 but not CYP2B1 or CYP2E1. 4. The unbound fraction of artemisinin in plasma was lower (p < 0.001) in plasma obtained from the male (8.8 +/- 2.0%) compared with the female rat (11.7 +/- 2.2%). 5. The possibility of a marked sex difference, dependent on the route of administration, has to be taken into account in the design and interpretation of toxicological studies of artemisinin in this species.     

Interindividual variability in metabolic activation in humans in vivo

In assessing interindividual variability in metabolic activation, the toxic metabolite is often too unstable for conventional analysis. Possible alternatives include a stable product of the reactive metabolite e.g. cysteinyl derivatives of N-acetyl-4-benzoquinoneimine, the toxic metabolite of paracetamol, adducts with DNA or protein, and indirect measurement of the activity of the enzyme(s) producing the active metabolite. An example of the last approach is the use of furafylline, a highly specific inhibitor of human CYP1A2, to determine the extent of the metabolic activation of the cooked food mutagens PhIP and MeIQx. The extent of inhibition, determined from levels of unchanged amine in urine, is an indirect measure of the activity of the activation pathway. Further refinement of this approach, allied to improved measures of the biological process of interest should prove of value in evaluating interindividual variability and its role in the risk assessment process.     

Theophylline kinetics in peripheral tissues in vivo in humans

Several biochemical and cellular effects have been described for methylxanthines under in vitro conditions. However, it is unknown, whether threshold concentrations required to exert these effects are attained in target tissues in vivo. We therefore employed the microdialysis technique for measuring theophylline concentrations in peripheral tissues under in vivo conditions.Following in vitro and in vivo calibration, microdialysis probes were inserted into the medial vastus muscle and into the periumbilical subcutaneous adipose layer of healthy volunteers. Following single oral dose administration of 300 mg or i.v. infusion of 240 mg theophylline, in vivo time courses of theophylline concentrations were monitored in tissues and plasma. Major pharmacokinetic parameters (c_max, t_max, AUC) were calculated for plasma and tissue time courses. The mean AUC_tissue /AUC_plasma-ratio was 0.56 (p.o.) and 0.55 (i.v.) for muscle and 0.55 (p.o.) and 0.72 (i.v.) for subcutaneous adipose tissue.We conclude that microdialysis provides important information on the distribution and the tissue pharmacokinetics of theophylline.Abbreviations FPIA Fluorescence polarisation immuno assay - AUC Area under the curve - t_max Time to peak concentration - c_max Peak concentration     

休克时血中氧自由基的变化

本实验测定10名休克患者血浆和红细胞的丙二醛(MDA)、血浆总抗的氧化活性(AOA)的含量。结果表明:休克病人红细胞膜和血浆 MDA 含量(4.298±0.722;5.348±0.834)与对照组(3.235±0.682;4.356±1.081)比较明显增高(P<0.05);血浆 AOA(39.65±7.858)与对照组(48.21±10.81)比较明显降低(P<0.01)。提示:休克时,患者机体内自由基反应增强是引起组织细胞损伤的原因之一。     

Changes in angiopoietin expression in glomeruli involved in glomerulosclerosis in rats with daunorubicin-induced nephrosis

AIM: To study the potential pathological role of endogenous angiopoietins in daunorubicin-induced progressive glomerulosclerosis in rats. METHODS: Seventy male Wistar rats were allocated randomly into a daunorubicin group (DRB; n=40) or a control group (n=30). The rats in the DRB group were injected with DRB (15 mg/kg), in their tails. Subsequently, at intervals of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks, 5 male Wistar rats in each group were chosen randomly for 24 h urinary protein quantitative measurements (24 h UPQM), and determination of plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), and angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) levels. Kidney sections were examined by electron microscopy, Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) staining, immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization histochemistry. RESULTS: As glomerulosclerosis progressed in the DRB group, expression of Ang1 mRNA and protein in glomeruli decreased and expression of TNF-alpha protein, Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli increased. Expression of Ang1 mRNA and protein in glomeruli were negatively correlated with 24 h UPQM, Fn protein expression, and mean area of extracellular matrix (MAECM). In comparison, expression of Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli were positively correlated with 24 h UPQM, Fn protein expression and MAECM; furthermore, there was a positive correlation between plasma Ang2 and 24 h UPQM. Plasma TNF-alpha and expression of TNF-alpha in glomeruli were positively correlated with expression of Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli. There was a negative correlation between Ang1 protein expression and Ang2 protein expression in glomeruli. CONCLUSION: During DRB-induced glomerulosclerosis, podocyte injury led to a shift in the balance of Ang1 and Ang2 in glomeruli. Increased TNF-alpha in plasma and glomeruli may upregulate Ang2 expression in glomeruli. Elevated Ang2 in both plasma and glomeruli may mediate protein permeability through the glomerular filtration barrier. Moreover, local expression of Ang2 may facilitate the progress of glomerulosclerosis by upregulating a component expression of extracellular matrix.     

Trichinellosis in immigrants in Switzerland

We describe a case of trichinellosis diagnosed at the Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Lugano, in January 2009. This case was associated with a cluster of cases and was traced to the consumption of contaminated meat after a wild boar hunt in Bosnia.