成人短纯音耳蜗微音电位的检测

目的建立使用表面电极记录成人短纯音诱发的耳蜗微音电位(CM)的临床检测方法。方法采用加拿大vivosonic integrity TM V500听性诱发电位诊断系统,对34例听力正常成年人共68耳使用表面电极进行短纯音CM检测,每次检测后均夹闭声管再次检测以辨别伪迹,分别统计34例受试者68耳500Hz、1000 Hz、2000 Hz短纯音诱发的CM检出率,并与理论检出率(100%)进行统计学比较。结果上述测试方法可记录到清晰可靠的CM波形;500 Hz、1000 Hz、2000 Hz短纯音CM检出率分别为100%、100%及86.76%,经X2检验,与理论检出率(100%)相比差别无统计学意义(X2=2.411,p>0.05)。结论本研究建立的表面电极记录成人短纯音CM的检测方法真实可靠、重复性佳,尤其适用于检测500Hz、1000 Hz短纯音CM。     

小儿耳蜗微音电位的检测及意义

目的比较ABR正常组和ABR异常组婴幼儿的DPOAE及耳蜗微音电位(CM)的引出情况,以探讨CM在小儿听力检测中的意义。方法根据短声ABR反应阈值将受试儿分为ABR正常组(70例135耳,ABR反应阈≤35 dB nHL)及ABR异常组(88例165耳,ABR反应阈>35 dB nHL),两组分别进行声导抗、DPOAE和CM检测。结果 ABR正常组DPOAE检出率为40%(54/135),CM检出率为100%(135/135);ABR异常组DPOAE检出率3.63%(6/165),CM检出率76.36%(126/165),ABR正常组和异常组鼓室导抗图A型与B型者DPOAE引出耳数均有统计学差异(χ2=20.42,P<0.05;χ2=5.37,P<0.05)。结论 OAE筛查容易出现假阳性,而CM更能反映耳蜗外毛细胞的功能,在听力检测工作中应该把CM作为一个常规项目,以更全面的了解耳蜗功能。     

REZ-Ⅰ型人工耳蜗植入对成人残余听力的影响

目的 评估REZ-Ⅰ型国产人工耳蜗植入对成人残余听力的影响,探讨该人工耳蜗植入的听力学安全性及其损伤的特点.方法 回顾性分析复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院2009年9月至2009年11月间16例单侧REZ-Ⅰ型(22通道)人工耳蜗植入者在手术前后的纯音测听、听觉稳态反应(auditory steady-state response,ASSR)、畸变产物耳声发射(DPOAE)及听觉脑干反应(ABR)的资料,比较手术前后残余听力的变化情况.结果 纯音测听植入侧术后残余听力保留率为41.67%;术后植人侧250、500、1000、2000及4000 Hz的残余听力较术前下降,差异具有统计学意义,其中500 Hz下降较明显,平均下降15.3 dB HL,P<0.01;通过与非植入侧对比发现500和1000 Hz的听力损失有统计学意义(P值均<0.05).植入侧术后ASSR阈值在250和500 Hz处较术前升高,差异具有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)),经与非植入侧对比发现500 Hz处ASSR阈值升高有统计学意义(P值<0.05).DPOAE及ABR植入前后差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05).结论 REZ-Ⅰ型人工耳蜗植入会对植入侧残余听力造成一定程度的损伤.     

极重度感音神经性聋患者耳蜗微音电位测试研究

目的:报告极重度感音神经性聋患者人工耳蜗植入术中圆窗耳蜗微音电位(CM)测试结果.方法:40例患者全身麻醉下人工耳蜗植入手术过程中,行术中圆窗CM测试,测出CM与术前畸变耳声发射(DPOAE)结果进行比较.结果:40例患者术中圆窗CM 0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0 kHz引出率分别为90.0%、97.5%、100.0%、92.5%;术前DPOAE 0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0 kHz引出率分别为2.5%、2.5%、17.5%、2.5%.结论:同一极重度感音神经性聋患者CM引出率明显高于DPOAE引出率,术中圆窗CM测试可以较准确客观地评估极重度感音神经性聋患者的部分耳蜗功能.     

相反极性短声所记录的耳蜗微音电位在小儿听神经病诊断中的应用

目的比较听力正常和ABR缺失儿童相反极性短声所记录的耳蜗微音电位(cochlear microphonics,CM)和DPOAE,以探讨它们在小儿听神经病中的诊断价值。方法根据短声ABR阈值、DPOAE和声导抗测试等结果,将受试儿分为听力正常及ABR缺失两组。听力正常组由短声ABR阈值≤30dB nHL、DPOAE正常的54名受试儿(91耳)组成,年龄为1~43月龄,平均为8月龄(中位数4月龄)。ABR缺失组由短声ABR100dB nHL无反应的93名(158耳)受试儿组成,年龄为2~67月龄,平均22月龄(中位数18月龄)。测试状态为水合氯醛镇静睡眠。ABR的刺激声为短声,极性为疏波和密波,刺激速率为19.3次/秒,耳机为ER-3A插入式耳机。听力正常组ABR的分析强度为80dBnHL,ABR缺失组为100dBnHL。结果听力正常组除6耳(6.6%)在80dBnHL未记录到明显的CM外,其余85耳(93.4%)均记录到CM,其时程为0.89±0.19ms。ABR缺失组中24耳记录到CM,其中有12耳(6人)(7.6%)DPOAE正常,有12耳(5人双耳,2人单耳)(7.6%)未记录到DPOAE,该组CM时程为2.61±0.72ms。听神经病在所有ABR缺失病例中的发病率为13.98%。结论CM是一种可靠的评价内耳外毛细胞功能的指标,与DPOAE相比,不易受到其它病理状态的影响。如果不进行CM的测试,可能会将一部分听神经病误诊为耳蜗性听力损失,因此建议对于双耳ABR最大输出无反应、而未记录到DPOAE的婴幼儿病例行CM检查,以避免听神经病的漏诊。     

畸变产物耳声发射在舰艇艇员听力调查中的应用

目的了解舰艇艇员的听力状况并探讨纯音听力图与DPOAE听力图的关系。方法对100名(200耳)舰艇艇员进行纯音、声导抗、DPOAE测试,测试仪器均为GSI系列产品。根据纯音测听结果将其分成正常、低频听力下降、高频听力下降及全频听力下降四个组,并结合纯音听力图与DPOAE听力图进行比较。结果纯音听阈正常组的DPOAE检出率及DPOAE振幅明显高于低频听力下降组、高频听力下降组及全频听力下降组(P＜0.01或0.05);DPOAE听力图与纯音听力图个各在频率均有很好的对应关系。结论DPOAE作为一种评价耳蜗毛细胞功能状态,在征兵、部队听力普查中较传统的纯音听阈测试更有意义。     

听力正常耳鸣患者的耳声发射

目的　探讨耳鸣与耳蜗毛细胞早期损害的关系。方法　实验组为 5 2例 (86耳 )纯音听力正常的耳鸣患者 ,对照组为 4 0例 (80耳 )听力正常无耳鸣的正常人。二组均行耳声发射检查 ,实验组行耳鸣匹配检查。结果　对照组TEOAE的检出率为 97.5 % ,DPOAE的检出率为 92 .5 % ,SOAE的检出率为 5 2 .5 %。实验组TEOAE检出率为32 .6 % ,DPOAE检出率为 4 8.8% ,SOAE检出率为 4 7.7% ,耳鸣主调多集中在 10 0 0～ 80 0 0Hz。结论　耳鸣患者TEOAE、DPOAE检出率低 ,提示二者有相关性 (P <0 .0 1)。耳鸣预示了耳蜗毛细胞的早期损害 ;实验组与对照组的SOEA检出率无显著性差异 ,其谱峰与耳鸣主调频率无关     

畸变产物耳声发生在舰艇艇员听力调查中的应用

目的 了解舰艇艇员的听力状况并探讨纯音听力图与DPOAE听力图的关系。方法 对100名（200耳）舰艇艇员进行纯音、声导抗、DPOAE测试,测试仪器均为GSI系列产品。根据纯音测听结果将其分成正常、低频听力下降、高频听力下降及全频听力下降四个组,并结合纯音听力图与DPOAE听力图进行比较。结果 纯音听阈正常组的DPOAE检出率及DPOAE振幅明显高于低频听力下降组、高频听力下降组及全频听力下降组（P＜0.01或0.05）;DPOAE听力图与纯音听力图个各在频率均有很好的对应关系。结论 DPOAE作为一种评价耳蜗毛细胞功能状态,在征兵、部队听力普查中较传统的纯音听阈测试更有意义。     

大前庭导水管综合征患者耳蜗死区分布研究

目的　探讨大前庭导水管综合征（large vestibular aqueduct syndrome，LVAS）患者耳蜗死区（cochlear dead regions，CDR）分布情况。方法　采用均衡噪声阈值测试（threshold equalizing noise，TEN）检测27例（51耳）LVAS患者的CDR频率分布，探讨LVAS患者CDR的分布特点。结果　27例（51耳）LVAS患者中20例（28耳）患者至少有一个频率出现CDR，CDR检出率为54.90%（28/51）；LVAS患者各频率段CDR分布：500 Hz 4例（7.84%）、750 Hz 4例（7.84%）、1000 Hz 4例7.84%）、1500 Hz6例（11.76%）、2000 Hz 10例（19.61%）、3000 Hz 20例（39.22%）、4000 Hz 21例（41.18%）；不同听力损失程度的LVAS患者CDR检出率差异有统计学意义（P <0.05），轻度听力损失1例（12.5%）、中度听力损失5例（41.67%）、重度及以上听力损失22例（70.97%）。结论　LVAS患者存在CDR，主要分布于高频区域且听力损失程度越重，存在CDR的可能性越大。     

人工耳蜗植入及其电刺激对不同频率残余听力的影响

目的 从听力学的角度评价人工耳蜗植入的安全性，并进一步探讨人工耳蜗植入及其电刺激对患者不同频率残余听力的影响。方法 筛选出手术前后能够良好配合纯音听力检查、中耳内耳无明显异常、测听条件基本相同的单侧Nucleus人工耳蜗植入者31例，了解并分析其耳蜗植入前后不同频率残余听力的变化情况。结果 经人工耳蜗植入手术及一段时间的耳蜗电刺激后，部分患者植入耳的残余听力会有所保留（66.67%）；植入侧1kHz以下频率段的残余听力较手术前有显著差别，损失最重的是500Hz或1kHz，其次是250Hz；植入侧2、4kHz较手术前无显著差别；非植入侧听力较手术前无显著差别。结论 人工耳蜗植入及耳蜗电刺激对植入耳的残余听力并非完全破坏，对不同的频率会造成不同程度的损害，且1kHz以下频率受损较重。     

人工耳蜗植入术后改良耳蜗位平片的探讨

目的 探讨改良后耳蜗位平片摄影位的临床应用价值。方法 21例人工耳蜗植入术后患儿(年龄30d～4岁)分别摄许氏提倡的耳蜗位平片摄影位和我们改良后的许氏耳蜗位平片摄影位,用Cohen(c)方法测出蜗管内电极数,将术中得数与2种片所得共3组数据行统计处理t检验。结果 2种平片均能清晰地显示蜗管内电极的位置和形态,2组X片结果与手术结果基本吻合,3组数据比较差异无统计学意义。结论 改良后耳蜗位平片摄影位方法简便,易使4岁以下患儿接受,且能满足了解人工耳蜗植入术后精确状态的需要。     

耳蜗性耳硬化症人工耳蜗植入的应用研究

分析耳蜗性耳硬化症患者的临床特点、人工耳蜗植入术中情况及人工耳蜗植入术后听觉言语康复效果,为该疾病的诊治提供参考。方法分析4例耳蜗性耳硬化症患者病史资料、听力学检查结果及影像学结果,观察人工耳蜗植入手术的术中所见,并定期对4例患者进行听力学及影像学随访。结果①所有患者人工耳蜗电极均经圆窗膜径路完全植入鼓阶。其中1例于术中发现镫骨完全固定,导致术中鼓阶开孔时外淋巴波动不明显;1例发现圆窗膜骨化,术中鼓阶开孔定位困难;其余2例患者镫骨活动好,圆窗结构清晰。所有患者术中电极阻抗检测均正常,且引出标准的神经反应遥测波形;②术后随访1~5年无术后并发症出现,声场测听示平均听阈为40.8 dBHL,平均言语识别率为77.3%,言语及交流能力较术前提高;颞骨高分辨率CT提示双侧内耳病变范围无明显进展。结论耳蜗性耳硬化症进展缓慢,严重时可导致重度/极重度感音神经性聋,当使用助听器无效时,人工耳蜗植入能帮助患者获得较满意的听觉康复效果。     

Monitoring of cochlear function during cochlear implantation

OBJECTIVE: To report the feasibility of monitoring cochlear function during cochlear implantation. STUDY DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: Tertiary care referral center. METHODS: A child with audiologic features typical of bilateral auditory neuropathy underwent cochlear implantation. The scala tympani was entered inferior and slightly anterior to the round window membrane margin and smooth electrode insertion was achieved. Using single polarity click stimuli, the cochlear microphonic was measured at several steps during surgery. RESULTS: Cochlear microphonics were present at all stages during the implantation process and were clearly distinguished from neural responses by stimulus polarity inversion and constant latencies, despite changes in stimulus level. With the electrode in situ, amplitudes were smaller but persisted until the final measurement at 10 minutes after insertion. At follow-up 2 weeks after surgery, behavioral audiometry results indicated profound hearing loss in the operated ear. CONCLUSIONS: This paper demonstrates the feasibility of monitoring cochlear function during cochlear implantation. The routine surgical approach did not appear to adversely affect the functional measurements. Standard size, full electrode insertion did diminish the amplitude of the cochlear microphonics, possibly as a result of intracochlear mechanical impairment. Ultimately, profound hearing loss was documented, indicating that factors other than immediate changes induced by electrode insertion were likely responsible for the loss of cochlear function.     

Implications from cochlear implant insertion for cochlear mechanics

It is usually thought that the displacements of the two inner ear windows induced by sound stimuli lead to pressure differences across the basilar membrane and to a passive mechanical traveling wave progressing along the membrane. However, opening a hole in the sealed inner ear wall in experimental animals is surprisingly not accompanied by auditory threshold elevations. It has also been shown that even in patients undergoing cochlear implantation, elevation of threshold to low-frequency acoustic stimulation is often not seen accompanying the making of a hole in the wall of the cochlea for insertion of the implant. Such threshold elevations would be expected to result from opening the cochlea, reducing cochlear impedance, altering hydrodynamics. These considerations can be taken as additional evidence that it may not be the passive basilar membrane traveling wave which elicits hearing at low sound intensities, but rather factors connected with cochlear fluid pressures and fluid mechanics.     

Intra-operative monitoring of cochlear function during cochlear implantation

The objective of this study was to determine if intra-operative auditory monitoring is feasible during cochlear implantation and whether this can be used as feedback to the surgeon to improve the preservation of residual hearing. This prospective non-randomised study was set in a paediatric tertiary referral hospital. Thirty eight consecutive paediatric patients undergoing cochlear implantation who had measurable auditory thresholds pre-operatively were divided into two cohorts. The unmonitored cohort included the first 22 patients and the monitored cohort included the last 16 patients. The main outcome measure(s) were pre-operative, intra-operative and more than one month post-operative average auditory thresholds at 500, 1000 and 2000 Hz measured using auditory steady-state response audiometry. The average pre-operative thresholds were 103.5 dB HL and 99.7 dB HL in the unmonitored and monitored cohorts, respectively. These were not statistically different (p > 0.3). In the monitored cohort, we measured auditory thresholds to assess cochlear function at multiple time points during the operation. Compared to baseline, thresholds were increased 0.7 dB after drilling the mastoidectomy and well, 0.2 dB after opening the cochlea and 4.6 dB after inserting the electrode array. One month post-operatively, the average thresholds were 114.0 dB HL in the unmonitored cohort but only 98.8 dB HL in the monitored cohort (p < 0.001). Both the use of intra-operative auditory monitoring and higher pre-operative thresholds were associated with improved preservation of residual hearing (p 相似文献   

Contralateral recovery of cochlear function after cochlear implantation

Significant recovery of sensorineural hearing loss in either ear after cochlear implantation (CI) is rare. We present the case of a 57-year-old lady with medically treated depression and a background of chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) in the non-implanted ear, who clearly fulfilled audiological criteria for CI. Two years post-implantation her CSOM in the non-implanted ear was addressed with blind sac closure of the ear. Post-operatively the hearing thresholds in this ear had improved to the extent that a bone-anchored hearing aid became a viable option. The literature is carefully reviewed to consider possible explanations of this phenomenon.     

Outcome of cochlear implantation in children with cochlear malformations

European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - The objective of the study was the evaluation of outcomes of cochlear implantation (CI) in children with cochlear malformations. A retrospective...     

Multichannel cochlear implantation in children with cochlear ossification.

OBJECTIVE: To compare results of post-meningitic children who had cochlear implantation with partial or complete drill-out to those who had no drill-out. STUDY DESIGN: This study is a retrospective case review. SETTING: The Atlanta Cochlear Implant Group is a private, tertiary, outpatient clinic. PATIENTS: Eligibility included all our post-meningitic patients, 2-17 years, having a cochlear implant between June 1990 and July 1997. INTERVENTIONS: All subjects had a Nucleus 22 cochlear implant surgically implanted, speech processor programming and follow-up testing in our center, and aural rehabilitation in a variety of therapy settings. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Open and closed set speech discrimination tests. RESULTS: Test performance for speech understanding was highest in the non-ossified group and lowest, but above chance, in the ossified group with complete drill-out. CONCLUSIONS: While children with non-ossified cochleas performed best, even children with extensive ossification requiring complete drill-out benefited from cochlear implantation.     

Controversial points in cochlear implantation for patients with cochlear otosclerosis

Most cases of otosclerosis show pathological changes only around the oval window. On the other hand, it is known that cavernous changes extending to the cochlea induce progressive sensorineural deafness. Three patients with severe bilateral deafness and severe cochlear otosclerosis as diagnosed by CT underwent cochlear implantation. The postoperative hearing abilities were satisfactory in two of the three patients at one year after the operation. However, one patient with advanced otosclerosis suffered from the complication of facial nerve stimulation two months later after the cochlear implantation. His available cochlear implant electrodes gradually decreased due to the facial nerve stimulation and at last the cochlear implant was no longer beneficial for reacquisition of his hearing ability. His CT densitometry revealed marked degradation of the CT value in the cochlear basal turn circumference in comparison with that in other patients showing good courses after the cochlear implantation. In conclusion, a cochlear implant operation is valuable in patients with severe sensorineural deafness with cochlear otosclerosis. However, we should cautious in performing cochlear implantation in patients with severe demineralization of the cochlear optic capsule.