射频消融术加肝动脉化疗栓塞术治疗原发性肝癌

目的探讨超声导向射频消融术(RFA)联合肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)治疗原发性肝癌的治疗效果。方法应用超声引导下对80例原发性肝癌患者进行RFA联合TACE(治疗组)和对70例肝癌患者进行射频消融术,比较观察该法治疗组与单纯射频消融治疗组治疗前、后肿瘤大小、血供变化及临床疗效。结果该法治疗组与单纯射频消融治疗组术后肿瘤血供消失和减少率分别为95%、70%;3个月复查彩超肿瘤缩小25%以上者分别为90%、85.7%。结论射频消融联合肝动脉化疗栓塞术是一种有效治疗肝癌的新方法。同时,彩超为实时观察肝癌血供状态,声像图变化提供重要依据,在指导治疗和判定疗效方面有重要意义。     

冷极射频消融术治疗放化疗后进展的非小细胞肺癌

目的:探讨冷极射频消融术治疗放化疗后进展的非小细胞肺癌的疗效及安全性.方法:选择30例放、化疗后进展的非小细胞肺癌患者,CT引导下采用冷极射频消融治疗,术后1个月和每3个月复查CT观察有无残留和复发,必要时可多次治疗,通过影像学评价疗效,观察术中、术后并发症.结果:30例患者在CT引导下消融针均准确穿刺,进入肿瘤预定位置并顺利完成消融过程,未见严重并发症.行冷极射频术后1个月复查胸部CT发现大多数肿瘤较术前有不同程度的缩小、坏死、密度减低.根据影像学表现,肿瘤完全坏死10.0%(3/30),不完全坏死40.0%(12/30),部分坏死23.3%(7/30),总有效率73.3%(22/30).结论:冷极射频消融术是肺癌治疗行之有效的治疗措施之一,疗效确切、安全可靠、创伤小,并可重复治疗.     

CT引导下射频消融治疗中晚期非小细胞肺癌的近期疗效观察

背景与目的 近年来,射频消融术(Radio-Frequency Ablation,RFA)作为一种新的局部治疗手段运用于肺部肿瘤的治疗.取得了很好的临床效果.本文探讨CT引导下射频消融治疗中晚期肺癌的临床价值.方法 对66例中晚期非小细胞肺癌的68个病灶(其中2例病人各治疗2个病灶)在三维重建CT引导下进行射频消融治疗,观察近期疗效.结果 66例病人经CT引导下射频消融,即刻及1个月复查CT提示病灶阴影增大.而64个病灶CT值降低,占94.1%,4个病灶CT值增加,占5.9%.1个月复查SPECT提示T/N降低至正常值以下的患者占82.4%(56/68).治疗后3个月CT扫描显示在68个肿瘤中,没有肿瘤完全消失(CR)者,肿瘤缩小者(PR)73.5%(50/68),肿瘤无变化者(SD)2.9%(2/68),肿瘤增大者(PD)8.8%(6/68),6例增大的病灶进行了第2次消融;3个月复查SPECT提示T/N降低至正常值以下的患者占79.496(54/68).无严重并发症,无围手术期死亡.结论 CT6[导下射频消融治疗中晚期非小细胞肺癌安全可行,近期疗效明显.     

超声造影与增强CT对肝癌射频消融效果的一致性评价

  目的  对超声造影与增强CT对肝癌射频消融术后评价效果一致性进行分析。  方法  对35例患者共68个肿瘤病灶进行超声或CT引导下射频消融治疗,术后同时定期进行增强CT以及超声造影检查评价射频消融效果,分析超声造影以及增强CT在肿瘤完全消融率、残留率,复发率、准确性以及超声造影与增强CT一致性。  结果  68个病灶中,超声造影评价肿瘤总体完全消融率以及残留率分别为84%及16%,增强CT分别为90%及10%,二者之间比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.576 3,P=0.447 8),具有很高的一致性(K=0.882 9,Sk=0.120 4),68个病灶中24个月内共有13个病灶为复发病灶,超声造影对复发病灶检出率为92%(12/ 13),与增强CT 100%(13/13)之间比较差异无统计意义(P>0.05)。以增强CT作为判断RFA后肿瘤残留及复发的金标准,超声造影对68个肿瘤病灶总体诊断准确性为92%(63/68),5个病灶判断不一致。  结论  超声造影在肝癌射频消融效果评价中与增强CT具有很高准确性及一致性,能为肿瘤射频消融术后治疗提供可靠诊断依据。      

冷极射频消融术治疗放化疗后进展的非小细胞肺癌

目的：探讨冷极射频消融术治疗放化疗后进展的非小细胞肺癌的疗效及安全性.方法：选择30例放、化疗后进展的非小细胞肺癌患者,CT引导下采用冷极射频消融治疗,术后1个月和每3个月复查CT观察有无残留和复发,必要时可多次治疗,通过影像学评价疗效,观察术中、术后并发症.结果：30例患者在CT引导下消融针均准确穿刺,进入肿瘤预定位置并顺利完成消融过程,未见严重并发症.行冷极射频术后1个月复查胸部CT发现大多数肿瘤较术前有不同程度的缩小、坏死、密度减低.根据影像学表现,肿瘤完全坏死10.0%（3/30）,不完全坏死40.0%（12/30）,部分坏死23.3%（7/30）,总有效率73.3%（22/30）.结论：冷极射频消融术是肺癌治疗行之有效的治疗措施之一,疗效确切、安全可靠、创伤小,并可重复治疗.     

超声引导射频消融治疗肝脏恶性肿瘤30例近期疗效观察

[目的]观察超声引导射频消融(RFA)治疗肝脏恶性肿瘤的近期疗效。[方法]对30例肝肿瘤(52个病灶)进行48次治疗,采用螺旋CT增强检查及AFP水平综合评价疗效。[结果]1个月后增强CT检查显示45个病灶被完全灭活,有效率达86.5%(45/52),其中有8例(26.7%)行2～3次RFA治疗,1～3个月后CT检查显示20例(66.7%)肿瘤缩小。20例原发性肝癌AFP升高者术后复查,8例AFP明显下降(40%)。出现并发症2例(6.3%),1例自限性腹腔出血,1例肝功能指标异常加重,出现黄疸、腹水。[结论]超声引导RFA为不能或不适宜手术切除的肝脏恶性肿瘤提供了有效的微创治疗手段。     

CT引导下射频消融治疗非小细胞肺癌

目的探讨CT引导下射频消融治疗非小细胞肺癌的安全性及有效性。方法经病理证实的病灶≥5 cm,KPS评分≥70分的非小细胞肺癌患者35例(42枚病灶),于螺旋CT引导下采用单针多位点叠加射频消融术治疗。术后1、3、6个月复查螺旋CT了解肿瘤变化情况并记录。结果手术成功率100.00%,术后胸部螺旋CT扫描发现,其中3枚病灶达完全缓解,29枚病灶部分缓解,1枚病灶稳定,9枚病灶进展,总有效率为76.19%(32/42)。全组无患者出现支气管胸膜瘘、大出血及死亡等严重并发症。结论 CT引导下射频消融治疗非小细胞肺癌是一种安全有效的方法。     

不同影像方法对射频消融治疗肝癌疗效的评价

目的通过对射频消融治疗肝癌前后的B超、CT和MRI的比较,探讨不同影像方法对射频消融治疗肝癌疗效评价的意义。方法对100例肝癌患者进行了B超引导下经皮射频消融（PRFA）治疗。患者治疗前行B超、MRI或CT检查;治疗后1个月复查MRI或CT,每个月进行肿瘤标记物和B超检查。结果100例中,PRFA治疗前34例行CT检查;治疗后14例行CT复查,其中5例肿瘤区域呈现较原肿瘤更低的密度,动态增强无强化,9例肿瘤部分区域有强化。66例患者PRFA治疗前行MRI检查,T1加权像为低信号,T2加权像为相对高信号,动态增强扫描后动脉期强化,门脉期强化减弱。治疗后,全组有86例患者复查MRI,44例肿瘤T1加权像为等或高信号,T2,肌权像为等或低信号,动态增强无异常强化;42例肿瘤T1加权像呈不均匀等低混杂信号,T2,加权像部分呈相对高信号,动态增强有强化。结论增强CT扫描可以显示出残存肿瘤;MRI的T1、T2加权像及Gd-DPTA动态增强的信号变化,能够更好地反映肿瘤的坏死或残存状况,血清肿瘤标记物阳性者术后转阴并MRI（或CT）显示肿瘤呈完全凝固性坏死,可作为PRFA治疗肝癌的临床治愈标准。     

MRI与双能量CT检查对原发性肝癌经导管动脉化疗栓塞治疗疗效的评估价值

目的 探讨MRI和双能量CT检查对原发性肝癌经导管动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）治疗疗效的评估价值。方法 选取120例行TACE治疗的原发性肝癌患者,所有患者术后均接受MRI和双能量CT检查,以数字减影血管造影（DSA）检查结果为金标准,分析MRI及双能量CT检查对原发性肝癌肿瘤残余或复发的诊断价值。结果 120例患者共135个病灶,DSA检查结果证实,63个（46.67%）肿瘤无残余/复发,72个（53.33%）肿瘤残余/复发。MRI检查诊断原发性肝癌肿瘤残余/复发的灵敏度和准确度分别为93.06%和96.30%,分别高于双能量CT检查的77.78%和88.15%,MRI检查与DSA检查结果的一致性较高（Kappa=0.926,P﹤0.01）,双能量CT检查与DSA检查结果的一致性中等（Kappa=0.766,P﹤0.01）。结论 对于接受TACE治疗的原发性肝癌患者,MRI检查能够较双能量CT检查更准确地显示肿瘤残余或复发情况,诊断效能理想,应用价值显著。     

CT引导射频消融术治疗肝转移癌的临床价值

目的:评价CT引导射频消融术治疗肝转移癌的临床疗效.方法:对38例肝转移癌患者采用CT引导经皮穿刺射频消融术治疗,对比瘤体体积变化,总结客观应答率,随访统计生存率.结果:治疗后2个月复查CT评价疗效,完全缓解(CR)15例,部分缓解(PR)11例,稳定(NC)8例,进展(PD)4例,有效率 (CR+PR)为68.42%.肿瘤病灶小于5cm的患者疗效较好.无治疗相关并发症.随访3个月、6个月、1年、2年,生存率分别为97.37%、86.84%、71.05%、57.89%.结论:CT引导射频消融术治疗肝转移癌近期疗效确切值得临床应用.     

Temozolomide in combination with fotemustine in patients with metastatic melanoma

Purpose  Temozolomide and fotemustine are both active drugs for treating metastatic melanoma. The present study was designed to assess the efficacy and safety of combination therapy with temozolomide + fotemustine in patients with metastatic melanoma. Methods  Forty patients (median age 50.5 and 22 males) with pathologically confirmed, unresectable, AJCO stage IV melanoma were enrolled into the study. The primary endpoints were tumor response and safety. Patients received oral temozolomide 125 mg/m² on days 1–7 and intravenous fotemustine 80 mg/m² on day 3 every 3 weeks. Results  Fourteen (35%) patients achieved an objective response, including 3 (7.5%) complete and 11 (27.5%) partial responses. Median overall survival time was 6.7 months and 6-month survival rate was 57.4%. Myelosupression, particularly thrombocytopenia, was the primary toxicity. Conclusion  The regimen, temozolomide combined with fotemustine, is an active and moderately safe first-line chemotherapy regimen with acceptable and easily manageable toxicities in patients with metastatic melanoma.     

Docetaxel in combination with dacarbazine in patients with advanced melanoma

OBJECTIVES: The number of agents that are active in patients with metastatic melanoma is limited and cure is not a realistic objective for treatment at this stage. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of new combination regimen cosisting of docetaxel and dacarbazine (DTIC), as first-line chemotherapy, in patients with advanced melanoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with advanced melanoma (including cerebral metastases) were eligible. Docetaxel 80 mg/m(2), i.v. over 1 h infusion on day 1, and DTIC 400 mg/m(2), i.v. over 45 min on days 1 and 2, were given every 21 days, for six cycles. All patients were premedicated, prior to each course, with methylprednisolone per os. RESULTS: Forty-one patients entered the study. Thirty-nine were assessable for response and 40 for toxicity. Objective responses were seen in 10 patients (24% of the eligible; 95% CI = 12.4-40.3%, 26% of the assessable and 28% of patients with cerebral metastases were excluded). Three of them achieved a complete response (7%; 95% CI = 1.5-19.9) and 7 a partial response (17%; 95% CI = 7.1-32.0), while 8 patients demonstrated stabilization of their disease (20%; 95% CI = 8.8-34.9). After a median follow-up of 20 months, the median time to progression was 7 months (range 0.5-22) and the median survival was 10 months (1-24+). The main toxicity (G3-4) was neutropenia which occurred in 8/40 (20%) patients. Additional patients had reversible G3-4 toxicities including alopecia, nausea and vomiting and fatigue; 3 of them presented mild to moderate hypersensitivity reactions to docetaxel. No toxic death was noted. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of docetaxel and DTIC is active and well tolerated in patients with advanced melanoma. While this combination is at least as effective as various combination regimens, it does not differ from that reported for single-agent DTIC.     

Preoperative treatment with bevacizumab in combination with chemotherapy in patients with unresectable metastatic colorectal carcinoma

Purpose

This prospective observational study assessed the efficacy of bevacizumab in combination with chemotherapy as preoperative treatment to downsize tumours for radical resection in patients with unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).

Patients/methods

Patients with mCRC initially unresectable according to predefined criteria were included. Preoperative treatment consisted of bevacizumab (5 mg/kg) combined with oxaliplatin- or irinotecan-based chemotherapy, which was followed by surgery in patients showing clinical benefit. Resection rate was the primary endpoint. Response rate (RR) and clinical benefit of preoperative chemotherapy, and overall survival (OS) were secondary endpoints.

Results

A total of 120 eligible patients were included and received preoperative treatment. Chemotherapy was irinotecan-based in 73 (61 %) patients, oxaliplatin-based in 25 (21 %) and 22 (18 %) patients received more than one line. A RR of 30 % and a clinical benefit rate of 73 % were observed with preoperative chemotherapy. Metastatic resection was possible in 61 (51 %) patients. Median OS was 33 months (95 % CI 31–NA months) for patients undergoing surgery, and 15 months (95 % CI 11–25 months) in non-operated patients. Thirty-five patients experienced 59 postoperative complications (morbidity rate 57 %).

Conclusion

Preoperative bevacizumab-based chemotherapy offers a high surgical rescue rate in patients with initially unresectable mCRC.     

Concomitant radiotherapy with chemotherapy in patients with glioblastoma

Glioblastomas are the most frequent and the most aggressive primary brain tumors in adults. Therapeutic strategy is challenging because of radioresistance and chemoresistance explaining the poor prognosis (median survival of 12 months). Standard therapy consisted until recently of surgery and postoperative radiotherapy while the impact of chemotherapy (investigated as adjuvant, neo adjuvant therapy or concomitant with irradiation) was a matter of debate. However a recent phase III study has concluded to the benefit of adjuvant temozolomide administered during and after radiotherapy. This strategy is yet to become a standard.     

再放疗并同步使用Docetaxel在鼻咽癌放疗后复发病人中的应用

目的:不能手术切除的鼻咽癌放疗后再复发的病人,其治疗困难,化疗疗效差,而单独再放疗只能挽救一小部分病人,本文探讨再放疗并同步使用多西紫彬醇(Docetaxel)在鼻咽癌首次放疗后复发病人中可行性及毒副反应,并评价其疗效。方法:对11例鼻咽癌足量放疗后经组织病理学证实复发、而无法行手术及腔内放疗的患者进行了同步放化疗。放疗采用三维适形放疗,外照射鼻咽部,分次量为1.8Gy,总剂量为36Gy-39.6Gy。化疗采用Docetaxel,15mg/m2,每周一次,静脉滴注。结果:10%、33%的患者分别出现Ⅲ度、Ⅳ度皮肤反应,18%、10%的病人分别出现Ⅲ度、Ⅳ度黏膜反应,18%患者出现Ⅲ度恶心呕吐,27%的患者出现Ⅲ度-Ⅳ度白细胞下降,10%患者出现Ⅲ度血小板下降。1例患者因严重的黏膜反应致使治疗延迟2周。治疗结束后,9例(82%)患者达到CR,2例(18%)达到PR,反应率为100%。结论:对于放疗后局部复发的鼻咽癌患者,采用同步放化疗,3D-CRT同时每周使用Docetaxel是可行的,其毒性反应在可以接受的范围内,短期疗效显著。