梅尼埃病与偏头痛性眩晕的听-前庭功能比较

目的探讨梅尼埃病与偏头痛性眩晕的听功能及前庭功能状态的不同特点,进行比较分析,为二者的鉴别诊断提供帮助。方法回顾性分析2007年5月至2008年9月山东省立医院眩晕门诊52例梅尼埃病患者与36例偏头痛性眩晕患者的临床资料,全部患者均在急性期或亚急性期行纯音测听、视频眼震电图、冷热试验、前庭诱发的肌源性电位检查,部分梅尼埃病及全部偏头痛性眩晕患者行高刺激率听性脑干反应检查,对二者的听力与前庭功能检查结果进行比较分析。结果梅尼埃病患者共52例,男24例,女28例,年龄14-70岁,平均45.8岁。纯音测听异常52例,均为单侧感音神经性聋。视频眼震电图检查示中枢性异常眼动10例。冷热试验异常37例,均为单侧半规管反应低下。前庭诱发的肌源性电位检查异常31例。行高刺激率听性脑干反应检查共32例,5例异常。偏头痛性眩晕患者共36例,男8例,女28例,年龄16-62岁,平均43.6岁。纯音测听异常9例,均为单侧轻至中度感音神经性聋。视频眼震电图检查示中枢性异常眼动17例。冷热试验异常8例,均为单侧半规管反应低下。前庭诱发的肌源性电位检查异常18例,高刺激率听性脑干反应检查异常22例。经统计学分析,二者纯音测听、中枢性眼动检查、冷热试验及高刺激率听性脑干反应的检查结果差异有显著性。结论与梅尼埃病相比,偏头痛性眩晕患者纯音测听及冷热试验异常较少见,中枢性服动检查及高刺激率听性脑干反应异常率较高。在结合患者病史及临床表现的基础上.以上检查可为二者的鉴别提供辅助参考。     

良性复发性眩晕患者前庭功能临床特点分析

目的通过实验室检查来评估良性复发性眩晕患者的前庭功能,了解其前庭功能特点。方法对32例良性复发性眩晕患者完善冷热(水)试验(caloric test)、速度阶梯试验(Velocity step test)、摇头试验(head-shaking nystag-mus,HNS)及颈肌性前庭诱发肌源电位检查(cervical Vestibular-Evoked Myogenic Potentials,c VEMP),同时对30例健康志愿者完善以上前庭功能检查,对试验组和对照组的上述检查结果进行分析。结果 32例良性复发性眩晕患者中,22例(68.75%)患者至少在一个水平半规管功能试验中出现异常,异常率最高的是冷热(水)试验,其次是速度阶梯试验和摇头试验。试验组水平半规管功能的异常率明显高于正常对照组,差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组患者的颈肌性前庭诱发肌源电位异常率(21.9%)明显高于对照组(3.3%),差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对良性复发性眩晕患者,冷热试验、摇头试验、速度阶梯试验及c VEMP检查具有一定的临床意义,全面评估患者的前庭功能情况,具有一定的临床参考价值。     

前庭性偏头痛患者前庭功能的临床研究

目的通过实验室检查来评估前庭性偏头痛(vestibular migrain,VM)患者的前庭功能,探寻该疾病的前庭功能特点。方法对37例确诊为前庭性偏头痛的患者及30例健康志愿者分别行冷热试验(caloric test)、摇头试验(head-shaking nystagmus,HNS)、速度阶梯试验及颈肌性前庭诱发电位(cervical Vestibular-Evoked Myogenic Potentials,cVEMP)检查,对两组冷热试验、摇头试验及速度阶梯试验的异常结果进行分析,对100dB的短音刺激情况下cVEMP不对称性进行分析。结果前庭性偏头痛患者水平半规管功能的异常率显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。37例VM患者中,有11例(29.7%)出现冷热试验异常,14例(37.8%)出现摇头试验异常,7例(18.9%)出现速度阶梯试验异常。30例健康志愿者中,有2例(6.7%)出现冷热试验异常,1例(3.3%)出现摇头试验异常,无患者出现速度阶梯试验异常。总体而言,28例(76%)VM患者至少在一个水平半规管功能试验中出现异常,异常率最高的是摇头试验,其次是冷热试验和速度阶梯试验。前庭性偏头痛患者的cVEMP异常率(21.6%)要显著高于对照组(3.3%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 76%的前庭性偏头痛患者被发现存在前庭功能异常,在冷热试验的基础上加用摇头试验和旋转试验,可以提高VM患者前庭功能异常的检出率。前庭性偏头痛患者显示的cVEMP结果,反映了球囊功能的异常及VM患者在球囊-颈反射通路上有所损害。前庭性偏头痛患者存在不同程度的前庭功能异常。     

前庭诱发肌源性电位对眩晕患者的诊断价值

目的通过记录、分析眩晕患者的前庭诱发肌源性电位(VEMP),了解眩晕患者的球囊功能。方法对15例梅尼埃病患者和16例突聋伴眩晕患者行VEMP检查,分析其VEMP的不同表现形式,并将该结果与冷热试验结果比较。结果正常双侧短纯音刺激p13波和n23波出现率为100%,30%梅尼埃病患者、50%突聋伴眩晕患者VEMP不能正常引出,VEMP患侧有3种表现形式：无反应,振幅正常,振幅低。结论VEMP检查有助于客观评价眩晕患者球囊功能。     

前庭诱发的肌源性电位在单侧前庭功能低下患者中的应用

目的:分析前庭诱发的肌源性电位(VEMP)在慢性头晕患者和单侧前庭功能低下患者中的表现,明确VEMP异常和病变侧别及受累结构的关系。方法:在本观察性研究中,我们对66例受试者进行了VEMP检查(短纯音刺激,强度100dB nHL,频率1 000Hz,带通滤波10～1 500Hz,刺激率4.3Hz)。根据临床表现和冷热试验,其中33例患者被诊断为单侧前庭功能低下,另外33例受试者为年龄性别匹配的对照。分析p13-n23的振幅、不对称率、潜伏期、耳间差异和阈值。统计学分析采用t检验,Shapiro-Wilks检验和Mann-Whitney检验,P<0.05有统计学意义。结果:63.63%的慢性前庭功能低下的患者存在VEMP异常,其中13例患者VEMP异常出现在前庭功能低下侧,3例患者出现在病变对侧。5例患者双侧VEMP异常。结论:冷热试验诊断为单侧慢性前庭功能低下的患者中,63.63%存在不同程度的VEMP的改变。54.54%的患者VEMP异常出现在前庭功能低下侧,24.24%的患者的VEMP异常出现在病变对侧。VEMP能够增强对单侧前庭功能低下患者的功能评价。     

偏头痛性眩晕的神经耳科学表现

目的研究偏头痛相关的眩晕（migrainous vertigo，MV）的临床特点，了解听觉与前庭系统受累的情况以及功能障碍的范围和程度，判断偏头痛相关眩晕是中枢性抑或外周性眩晕。方法22例急性（5例）或亚急性（17例）MV检查包括神经一耳科学检查、自发性眼震和位置性眼震记录以及听力学检查。结果22例患者男6例，女16例。15例次有偏头痛，17例次有运动病，15例次有偏头痛或运动病家族史，1例次有视觉先兆，7例次对运动敏感（身体运动或改变头位出现眩晕），4例次畏光，6例次畏声，5例次失眠、情绪影响易引起眩晕发作，2例次与月经期关系密切。眩晕持续数分钟到1天。纯音测听异常9例，均为轻至中度感音神经性聋。高刺激率听性脑干反应双侧异常3例，单侧异常10例。主观垂直视觉检查均正常。前庭诱发的肌源性电位异常14例（13例为患侧低振幅，1例为患侧P13波潜伏期延长）。前庭双温检查异常3例；中枢性异常眼动11例，其中视动性眼震低增益9例，1例扫视过冲，1例摇头试验出现垂直眼震，同时高刺激听性脑干反应异常者10例，1例正常。4例患者有位置性眩晕，但均不符合良性阵发性位置性眩晕的诊断。结论偏头痛性眩晕应作为外周或中枢性眩晕的一种常规鉴别诊断的疾病，可为中枢性或外周性眩晕。     

前庭诱发肌源性电位对前庭下神经炎的诊断价值

目的　探讨前庭诱发肌源性电位（VEMP）对前庭下神经炎的诊断价值。方法　回顾分析我科眩晕门诊18例前庭下神经炎的临床资料,尤其是VEMP检测结果。结果　18例患者中,15例表现为旋转性眩晕,3例为平衡障碍,所有患者纯音测听、冷热试验及眼性前庭诱发肌源性电位（oVEMP）正常而颈性前庭诱发肌源性电位（cVEMP）异常。其中14例cVEMP检查不能引出,4例振幅低下。3个月后复诊10例患者症状消失,复查cVEMP 9例恢复正常,1例振幅低下;半年复诊18例患者症状全部消失,复查cVEMP只有2例振幅低下,其余均恢复正常。结论　VEMP检查对前庭下神经炎的精准诊断及判断预后有重要临床价值,值得临床推广。     

73例前庭外周性眩晕患者半规管频率损伤特点的研究

目的通过视频甩头试验结合冷热试验评估前庭外周性眩晕患者半规管频率损伤特点。方法应用冷热试验、视频甩头试验检查分析73例常见前庭外周性眩晕(前庭神经炎、梅尼埃病、突发性耳聋伴眩晕、耳石症)患者的半规管频率受损情况,统计半规管高低频受损率,并应用统计学方法进行比较。结果 22例前庭神经炎患者中,冷热试验(CT)异常者共21例,阳性率为95.5%;视频甩头试验(vHIT)异常者21例,阳性率为95.5%;同时进行两项检查,异常的总阳性率为100%。18例梅尼埃病患者中,CT异常者共10例,阳性率为55.6%;vHIT异常者2例,阳性率为11.1%。同时进行两项检查,异常的总阳性率为61.1%。12例突发性耳聋伴眩晕患者中,CT异常者共3例,阳性率为25.0%;vHIT异常者2例,阳性率为16.7%。同时进行两项检查,异常的总阳性率为25.0%。21例耳石症患者中,CT异常者共6例,阳性率为28.6%;vHIT异常者1例,阳性率为4.8%。同时进行两项检查,异常的总阳性率为33.3%。结论视频甩头试验联合冷热试验能提高前庭外周性眩晕患者半规管频率损伤的检出率,对于临床诊断及进一步治疗有一定的指导作用。     

前庭性偏头痛患者前庭功能分析及治疗效果评估北大核心CSCD

目的分析前庭性偏头痛(vestibular migrain,VM)患者的前庭功能并评估其治疗效果。方法对40例前庭性偏头痛患者(VM组)及40例健康志愿者(对照组)分别进行前庭功能相关检查,包括冷热试验、摇头试验、前庭自旋转试验,并分析比较两组的检查结果;对VM患者给予药物治疗及预防,并以视觉评分量表(visual analogue scale,VAS)对VM患者治疗前后进行评分,评估治疗效果。结果VM组患者冷热试验异常15例(37.5%),摇头试验异常13例(32.5%),前庭自旋转异常10例(25%),其中32例(80%)患者至少一项前庭功能试验结果异常;对照组冷热试验异常2例(5%),摇头试验异常1例(2.5%),前庭自旋转异常1例(2.5%);VM组水平半规管功能异常发生率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。VM患者用药后头痛、头晕的VAS评均分较治疗前明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论本组80%VM患者出现前庭功能异常,前庭外周功能及前庭中枢功能均有损害,前庭低频功能损伤较高频功能受损多见;药物治疗可明显缓解VM患者症状。     

不同伴发症状的良性复发性眩晕患者前庭功能特点分析

目的初步了解不同伴发症状的良性复发性眩晕患者的临床表现及前庭功能检查特点。方法回顾分析解放军总医院眩晕诊疗中心收治的91例复发性眩晕患者,按照伴发症状分为四组,偏头痛组(A组);非偏头痛的头痛组(B组);畏光和/或畏声组(C组),无头痛、无畏光-畏声组(D组)。观察四组患者的临床表现及发前庭功能特点结果 1)四组性别比例及前庭症状、诱发因素无明显差异2)偏头痛组恶心呕吐率较高为78.6%(c2=11.274,P=0.001)3)四组均有不同程度的耳鸣,畏光畏声组及无头痛无畏光畏声组有较高的耳鸣患病率50%。4)四组前庭诱发肌源电位的潜伏期延长率及振幅异常率均显著高于UW异常率及平滑跟踪异常率。5)偏头痛组及畏光畏声组2项以上前庭功能检查受损率较高。结论1)有偏头痛病史及发作时伴有畏光畏声的良性复发性眩晕患者自主神经反应更明显,前庭功能受损更严重。2)良性复发性眩晕患者尽管无明显听力受损但是会伴有有不同程度的耳鸣3)良性复发性眩晕患者不管伴发症状如何VEMP异常率均高于其他前庭功能检查。     

Vertigo and autoimmunity

Autoimmune inner ear disease probably accounts for less than 1% of all cases of balance disorders, but its incidence is often overlooked due to the absence of a specific diagnostic test. Furthermore, in several systemic autoimmune diseases the vestibulo-cochlear system may be affected. Clinical features comprise generalized imbalance, ataxia, motion intolerance, episodic vertigo and positional vertigo. An autoimmune mechanism seems to be responsible for 6% of unilateral and 16% of bilateral forms of Ménière’s disease. Oscillopsia and disequilibrium secondary to a bilateral vestibular paresis are probably caused by an autoimmune response in 5% of cases. Balance disorders of central origin may be due to other immuno-mediated disorders such as multiple sclerosis, brainstem encephalitis and vasculitidis. Aim of this paper is to assess the clinical features of autoimmune vertigo disorders through a systematic literature review.     

Hyperventilation and Vertigo

An electronystagmographic study was conducted on 19 normal subjects, in order to observe whether the subjective sensation of dizziness provoked by hyperventilation could be confirmed objectively by nystagmus. Each of them had two electronystagmograms, the first being a routine ENG and the second a repetition of the first, but with additional periods of 90 sec. of hyperventilation at certain precise pre-determined moments of the test. Hyperventilation was not shown to have significant effect on the slow phase of post caloric nystagmus; however, it increased significantly (p = 0.061) the number of positions in which nystagmus was elicited. Hyperventilation would have such an effect in producing a certain degree of cerebral hypoxia through cerebral vasoconstriction and the Bohr effect.     

Vertigo in children

The aim of this study was to search for the reason for vertigo in children who complain of it. We tested 30 children who had been treated by a pediatrician for various diseases. We performed the detailed protocol of anamnesis, videonystagmography, posturography, and additional tests ordered by the pediatrician and then compared the results of these procedures with those of a group of 30 healthy children. Respiratory system infections, gastritis, and spondylosis were diagnosed most often by pediatricians in young people with vertigo. From videonystagmography results, we observed only four types of pathological reactions: positional nystagmus, cervical nystagmus, abnormal eye-tracking test results, and square wave abnormalities. Only 40% of children demonstrated objective signs of vertigo. Posturography results did not provide specific findings as compared with those from the healthy children. We discussed the probable reasons for vertigo, among which psychogenic origin, side effect of medications, hormonal disturbances, spondylosis, and diet errors had to be taken into consideration.     

Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) has received renewed clinical interest. At the Johns Hopkins Otological Vestibular Laboratory, 781 patients were tested on more than one occasion between September 1976 and November 1992. Of these patients, 187 (24%) were found to have positional nystagmus consistent with a diagnosis of BPPV. A retrospective analysis of these patients' records, including vestibular test and eye movement reports, audiograms, questionnaires, and hospital charts was performed. After this review, the nystagmus, initially diagnosed as due to BPPV, was believed to be a manifestation of another disease process in 36 cases. Of the remaining 151 diseases, 52 (34%) presented with no significant preceding disorder and have been termed primary BPPV. In the remaining 99 patients we found coexisting or associated disorders which included Meniere's disease, head trauma, prior ear surgery, vestibular neuronitis, migraine, and others. Forty-five of these 151 patients (31%) had an associated diagnosis of Meniere's disease. To our knowledge a significant association between Meniere's disease and BPPV has not been reported. A review of the literature with discussion of BPPV and the associated disorders is offered.     

Vertigo of traumatic origin

Patient referrals very frequently occur for ill-defined vertigo that appeared some months or even years after a trauma. These should not, however, be considered as cases of functional vertigo. The vertigo is very real, may last several years and constitute a genuine disorder. Such cases are amply described in the literature. Although we cannot perfectly explain the physiopathology, we should not conclude that these patients are not ill. In 50% of cases, we can evidence the signs with radiology and electro-nystagmography provided a properly established protocol is followed. The success of the treatment proposed can be evidenced by cervical electronystagmography.