甲磺酸二氢麦角碱缓释片的制备与体外释放特性研究

目的:制备甲磺酸二氢麦角碱缓释片,研究其体外释放特性。方法:以羟丙甲基纤维素(HPMC-K4M)为骨架材料,采用湿法制粒制备甲磺酸二氢麦角碱缓释片。以释放速率、累积释放度为指标,以载药材料(HPMC-K4M)、填充剂(乳糖、磷酸氢钙)和微环境p H调节剂(酒石酸)的用量为因素,采用单因素试验和正交试验对甲磺酸二氢麦角碱缓释片处方进行优化并验证;采用《中国药典》释放度测定方法比较进口和最优处方所制甲磺酸二氢麦角碱缓释片的体外释放特性。结果:最优处方为甲磺酸二氢麦角碱2.5 mg,HPMC-K4M 40 mg,乳糖70 mg,磷酸氢钙80 mg,酒石酸40 mg;所制甲磺酸二氢麦角碱缓释片可体外持续释药12h以上,12 h累积释放度为97.1%,与进口片剂比较累积释放度无明显变化,体外释药行为符合Higuchi方程。结论:成功制得具有缓释作用的甲磺酸二氢麦角碱缓释片。     

盐酸坦索罗辛缓释片的制备及其体外释药特性研究

目的:制备盐酸坦索罗辛缓释片,并考察其体外释药特性及机制。方法:以羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)为骨架材料制备坦索罗辛缓释片;以累积释放度为指标,评价多种因素对体外释放速率的影响,并与普通片比较缓释性。结果:HPMC用量及制片压力对释药影响最大,二者最佳值分别为25%、8～11kg时缓释效果最佳,缓释片与普通片0.5h时体外累积释放度分别为10%、50%。结论:所制缓释片缓释效果优于普通片,其释药特性为药物扩散与溶蚀协同作用,释放机制为非Fick扩散。     

盐酸氯米帕明缓释片的制备及其体外释放度考察

目的:制备盐酸氯米帕明缓释片并考察其体外释放度。方法:以辅料羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)、乳糖、可压性淀粉在处方中的含量为因素,体外释放度为指标,用正交试验优化处方并制备制剂,同时考察其体外释放度。结果:筛选最优处方为HPMC45mg、乳糖35mg、可压性淀粉40mg。所制制剂可持续24h释药,释药行为符合零级释放模型。结论:所制缓释片的处方合理,具有良好的缓释效果。     

盐酸他喷他多缓释片的研制及体外释放考察

目的 研制盐酸他喷他多12 h缓释片并对其体外释放机制进行初步研究.方法 以HPMC与CMC-Na为混合骨架材料制备缓释片,以单因素试验法对缓释片释放因素进行考察,通过f2相似因子与累积释放度综合评分进行评价,采用正交试验设计筛选最优处方,将自制缓释片与参比制剂的体外释放参数进行比较.结果 最优处方以HPMC K15M和CMC-Na作为混合骨架材料,质量分数各占总质量的40％和12％,乳糖作为致孔剂,质量分数占总质量的12％,微晶纤维素为填充剂,质量分数占总质量的11％.制备的盐酸他喷他多缓释片释放规律符合Ritger-Peppas方程曲线,释药机制为药物扩散和骨架溶蚀协同作用,自制缓释片与参比制剂体外释放行为相似度较高.结论 制得的盐酸他喷他多缓释片有良好的12 h体外释药行为,制备工艺简单、可行,与参比制剂体外释放行为接近,符合缓释制剂要求.     

青藤碱固体脂质纳米粒凝胶骨架缓释片的制备及处方优化

目的：制备青藤碱固体脂质纳米粒凝胶骨架缓释片,考察凝胶骨架缓释片处方因素对青藤碱固体脂质纳米粒体外释药行为的影响。方法：采用乳化蒸发-低温固化法制备青藤碱固体脂质纳米粒。以羟丙基纤维素（HPMC）为骨架材料制备青藤碱固体脂质纳米粒凝胶骨架缓释片,单因素考察吸附剂种类、骨架材料比例、PEG种类和骨架材料用量对缓释片体外释药的影响,正交试验进一步优化处方,并对释药模型进行拟合。结果：骨架材料比例和PEG种类是影响青藤碱固体脂质纳米凝胶骨架缓释片体外释药行为的主要影响因素,优化后的处方体外释放行为符合一级释药模型,释药方程为ln（1-M_t/M_∞）=-0.187 2 t+0.071 2（r=0.991 1）,累积释放度在12 h内可达90.15%。结论：优化后的青藤碱固体脂质纳米粒凝胶骨架缓释片制备工艺简单,重复性良好,在12 h内具有良好的体外缓释特征。     

复方阿仑膦酸钠缓释片的制备及体外释放度考察

目的:制备复方阿仑膦酸钠缓释片并考察其体外释放度。方法:以羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)、乙基纤维素(EC)、无水乳糖处方用量为因素,体外释放度为指标,用正交试验优化处方,以湿法制粒压片制备制剂,并考察其体外释放度。结果:筛选最优处方为HPMC 80mg、EC 20mg、无水乳糖20mg。所制制剂可持续12h释药,释放行为符合Higuchi方程。结论:所制缓释片的处方合理,具有良好的缓释效果。     

去甲斑蝥素缓释片的处方优化及其体外释药特性研究

目的:优化去甲斑蝥素缓释片制备处方及考察其释药特性。方法:以羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)为骨架材料制备去甲斑蝥素亲水凝胶缓释骨架片;以HPMC用量(A)、乳糖用量(B)、乙醇浓度(C)、乙醇用量(D)为因素,以体外释放度综合评分值为指标筛选缓释片的最佳处方并考察其累积释药率。结果:缓释片的最佳处方为A12g、B1.5g、C90%、D10mL;所制缓释片2、6、12h的累积释药率分别为(30.63±1.03)%、(51.70±1.51)%、(89.25±1.04)%,药物释放机制为扩散和骨架溶蚀的协同作用。结论:优化处方制备的去甲斑蝥素缓释片可以达到预期缓释效果。     

盐酸小檗碱控释片的制备

目的制备盐酸小檗碱控释片。方法以羟丙基甲基纤维素为辅料，制成控释片并进行体外累积释放度测定。结果体外释药基本达到零级释放过程，r＝0.997 4，体外释药量与释药时间具有良好的相关性。Peppas 方程中n值为0.896 6，控释片中药物的释放机制是骨架溶蚀。结论盐酸小檗碱控释片达到了设计要求，1 h内体外释药约为标示量的8%，12 h后释药约为标示量的75%。     

灯盏花素缓释片的制备及体外释放度研究

目的以羟丙甲基纤维素为骨架材料制得灯盏花素缓释片,并对释药机制进行探讨。方法进行体外释放度试验,研究体外释放度测定方法,以及辅料和加速稳定性试验对释放度的影响。结果制得的灯盏花素缓释片体外释放度测定结果符合缓释片质量标准中的释放度标准要求。体外释放符合一级释药动力学规律。结论制备灯盏花素缓释片缓释效果明显．方法简单,适于工业化生产。     

氢溴酸右美沙芬缓释片的制备及释放度研究

目的:制备氢溴酸右美沙芬缓释片,进行体外释放度研究.方法:采用亲水性高分子材料HPMC为凝胶骨架,制备氢溴酸右美沙芬缓释片,并制订体外释放度检测方法.结果:所制备的缓释片12h内呈现良好的缓释特性,符合Higuchi方程.结论:所制的缓释片体外释药缓慢、平稳,符合设计要求.     

Degraded and undegraded carrageenans and experimental gastric and duodenal ulceration

The prevention of histamine-induced gastric and duodenal ulceration in the guinea-pig has been examined using a series of undegraded and degraded carrageenans. Undegraded carrageenans were active at lower doses than degraded carrageenans. The high viscosity of the undegraded carrageenans in solution prevented their use in larger doses. Degradation of carrageenan without serious loss of sulphate, gives a product which allows the dose to be increased to an extent that its effect more than offsets the slight loss in activity caused by the degradation. No single feature of carrageenan structure can be related to anti-ulcer activity although degradation, and hence reduction of molecular size, generally reduces activity. Sulphate contents over 30% have little apparent effect on activity; κ-carrageenans were not consistently different in anti-ulcer activity from Λ-carrageenans. This contrasts with the antipeptic activity of carrageenans where κ-carrageenans are less active than their Λ-counter-parts. As with antipeptic activity, the degree of anti-ulcer activity is probably determined by a combination of structural features which includes molecular size and polyanionic properties.     

Affective and Anxiety Disorders and Alcohol and Drug Dependence:

Depression and anxiety frequently coexist in patients with substance use disorders. This clinically-oriented article examiens the relationship between these conditions and emphasizes data showing that substances of abuse can cause signs and symptoms of both depression and anxiety. These substance-related syndromes appear to have a different course and prognosis than uncomplicated, independent anxiety and major depressive disorders, and clinicians should consider the role of alcohol and other drugs in all patients presenting with these complaints. The authors will also outline an approach for diagnosing and managing patients with the combination of a substance use and depressive or anxiety disorder.     

Alcohol and Substance Use and Abuse in Women and Children

No abstract available for this article.     

Glucosidase and fucosidase inhibitors and Advances in nucleosides and nucleotides.

The American Chemical Society Symposium "Glucosidase and fucosidase inhibitors" took place on 1 April 1998 and was organized by Professors Zbigniew J Witczak (UConn, School of Pharmacy, CT, USA), Kuniaki Tatsuta (Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan) and Waldemar Priebe, MD (Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, USA). Professor Witczak provided introductory remarks including the status of existing glucosidase inhibitors, and chaired the morning session, which consisted of six lectures. The symposium was well received, and was particularly attractive for those interested in networking, as attendance was about sixty. In addition, some participants and attendees presented posters on the subject during the regular poster session organized by the Division of Carbohydrate Chemistry.