多层螺旋CT在子宫内膜癌术前分期、转移及肌层浸润评估中的应用价值

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)在子宫内膜癌术前分期、转移及肌层浸润评估中的应用价值.方法 选取150例子宫内膜癌患者术前均接受MSCT检查,以术后病理结果作为金标准,分析MSCT检查分别对子宫内膜癌分期、转移、肌层浸润的诊断结果及诊断效能.结果 全部150例接受手术治疗的子宫内膜癌患者中,经手术病理检查,结果显...     

结直肠癌浸润转移机制的研究进展

结直肠癌浸润转移机制的研究进展蒋曹阳，郁宝铭，王瑞年上海第二医科大学附属瑞金医院（上海２０００２５）肿瘤的浸润和转移是一个复杂多步骤的过程，有关其机制的研究远远落后于癌症研究的其他领域。直到最近在分子水平对肿瘤细胞内在基因调控及肿瘤细胞与细胞外基质（...     

MSCT评价直肠癌浆膜面浸润及其相关因素分析

目的:观察多层螺旋CT直肠癌影像表现及临床资料,探讨影响直肠癌浆膜面浸润的相关因素.方法:64例直肠癌手术患者,男性36例,女性28例,年龄33岁～81岁,平均56.6岁.所有患者术前均行16层螺旋CT平扫,观察肿块大小、形态、淋巴结肿大情况;54例行三期动态强化扫描:按照强化程度分型,结合临床资料,分析各因素与直肠癌浆膜面浸润的相关性.结果:全组病例浆膜面浸润率为70%;单因素分析显示,直肠癌癌肿浆膜面的浸润与患者的性别、年龄、肿瘤强化差值、侵犯肠管周径、肿瘤大小、肿瘤大体类型均无相关性(P>0.05);而与肿瘤CT分型、肿瘤分化程度及淋巴结转移有相关性(P<0.05).结论:直肠癌患者癌肿CT分型、淋巴结转移和肿瘤的分化程度等均可影响肿瘤浆膜面浸润,其中肿瘤分化程度是影响肿瘤浆膜面浸润的最重要因素.     

直肠腔内超声与核磁共振对直肠癌转移和临床分期诊断准确性的比较

目的 探讨直肠腔内超声与核磁共振成像(MRI)对直肠癌转移与临床分期的诊断准确性.方法 选取2017年8月至2020年10月间榆林市第一医院诊治的66例直肠癌患者作为研究对象,所有患者都给予直肠腔内超声与MRI检查,以病理检查结果为金标准,判断淋巴结转移临床分期状况.结果 在66例患者中,腔内超声诊断为Ⅰ期29例,Ⅱ期...     

直肠癌侧方淋巴结转移及其清除的意义

目的：总结直肠癌病人侧方淋巴结转移率，方法：分析我院５４３例进展期直肠癌施行扩大根治术的结果。结果：直肠癌侧方转移率为９．６％，主要发生于腹膜返折以下的癌，多见于分比较差的低分化腺癌及粘液腺癌，结论：对于腹膜返折以下的进展期直肠癌必须进行侧方消除，尤其分化差者，可以提高生存率。     

直肠腔内超声联合癌胚抗原对直肠癌术前分期

目的 研究直肠腔内超声单独及联合癌胚抗原对直肠癌术前浸润深度（T分期）、局部淋巴结转移（N分期）的准确性.方法 回顾性分析2007年1月年2010年1月山西省肿瘤医院收治的310例直肠癌患者临床资料,术前均行直肠腔内超声及血清癌胚抗原检测.癌胚抗原阳性标准为＞5 μg/L,对比超声分期与术后病理分期结果,计算直肠腔内超声单独及联合癌胚抗原对T分期和N分期的准确性.结果 各病理分期患者术前血清癌胚抗原水平差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.直肠腔内超声对直肠癌术前T分期的诊断准确率为71％（219/310）,联合血清癌胚抗原可使T分期诊断准确率达82％（254/310）,差异有统计学意义（x2=10.92,P＜ 0.01）.直肠腔内超声对直肠癌术前N分期诊断准确率为69 ％（211/308）,联合血清癌胚抗原可使N分期诊断准确率达77％（238/308）,差异有统计学意义（x2=5.00,P＜ 0.05）.结论 术前血清癌胚抗原水平随病理分期的增加而增高.直肠腔内超声联合血清癌胚抗原有助于提高直肠癌术前分期的准确性.     

直肠癌淋巴结转移规律的临床研究

目的探讨直肠癌区域淋巴结转移规律及术中判断淋巴结转移的准确性。方法回顾性分析180例根治性手术后的直肠癌临床资料,分析淋巴结转移情况。结果患者的性别、年龄和肿瘤的大小与淋巴结转移无明显关系,肿瘤浸润肠壁的深度及肿瘤的分化程度与淋巴结转移有关。T3～T4时,其淋巴结阳性率和转移度显著高于T1～T2者(P＜0.05),低分化肿瘤的淋巴结阳性率和转移度明显高于高分化肿瘤(P＜0.05)。51例术中发现淋巴结肿大,129例未发现淋巴结肿大,术后病理证实分别有31例和77例淋巴结转移阳性。结论直肠癌淋巴结转移与肿瘤浸润肠壁的深度及分化程度有关,手术中淋巴结是否转移不准确,因此应彻底切除直肠区域淋巴结。     

螺旋CT对胃癌浸润及转移的诊断价值

目的 评价螺旋CT三期增强扫描对胃癌浸润及转移的准确性,并探讨影像学与病理学的内在联系。方法 对46例胃癌病人行螺旋CT三期增强扫描并与术后病理对照。结果 (1)螺旋CT诊断浆膜受侵、淋巴结转移和远处转移的准确性分别为84.8％、87.0％和100％。(2)螺旋CT征象中浆膜受侵、淋巴结转移、淋巴结转移站数和远处转移均与病理TNM分期密切相关(P<0.05)。结论 螺旋CT三期增强扫描能较全面、准确地反映胃癌病理特征,是诊断胃癌浸润及转移的可靠影像学方法。     

直肠癌侧方淋巴结清扫和全直肠系膜切除

目前全直肠系膜切除（TME）原则已经是直肠癌手术的基本原则之一。很多学者把TME作为金标准,但不可将TME和侧方淋巴结清扫混为一谈。不可以因为TME而废除淋巴结清扫,也不可以因行淋巴结清扫而不行TME,只有二者同时进行才可达到根治肿瘤的目的。     

Predicting lymph node metastases in early rectal cancer

AimIn this population-based study, the aim was to investigate risk factors for lymph node metastases and to construct a risk stratification index with relevance for pre-operative planning in T1 and T2 rectal cancers.MethodsData were retrieved from The Swedish Rectal Cancer Register, a mandatory, national, prospectively collected data base. All T1 and T2 rectal cancers treated with abdominal resection surgery without neo-adjuvant or adjuvant radio-chemotherapy from 2007 to 2010 were analysed. T-stage, sm-level, histologic differentiation, mucinous tumour type, blood vessel- and perineural infiltration, tumour location (in cm from the anal verge), age and gender were evaluated as potential predictors of lymph node metastases, using uni- and multivariate logistic regression.ResultsT2-stage (odds ratio [OR] = 2.0), poor differentiation (OR = 6.5) and vascular infiltration (OR = 4.3) were identified as significant risk-factors for lymph node metastases in the multivariate analysis. The risk stratification index shows the risk for lymph node metastases gradually increasing from 6% to 65% and 11% to 78% in T1 and T2 cancers respectively, when adding the risk factors one by one.ConclusionThere is a considerable span in the risk for lymph node metastases between low risk T1 and high risk T2 rectal cancer. Using the risk stratification-model, with the concept of local excision as a macro-biopsy with standby for subsequent immediate radical resection surgery in high-risk cases, could benefit patients by providing the advantages of local excision yet ensuring adequate oncologic outcome.     

Inguinal lymph node metastases from rectal adenocarcinoma

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The prognosis of patients with inguinal lymph node metastases from rectal adenocarcinoma is poor. The purpose of this study is to analyze the clinical behavior and response to different therapies in a group of these patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The medical records of 32 patients with inguinal lymph node metastases from rectal adenocarcinoma, diagnosed between January 1985 and December 1996, were retrospectively analyzed. The cohort was divided into: Group A (synchronous), and Group B (metachronous), according to the time of diagnosis. RESULTS: There were 17 males and 15 females, with a mean age of 53.5+/-13.8 years. Bilateral inguinal lymph node metastases were diagnosed in 17 patients, and unilateral in 15 patients. Fourteen of 18 patients in Group A (78%) and 13 of 14 patients (93%) in group B, respectively, had concomitantly extrapelvic metastatic disease. Seventeen patients in Group A treated with colostomy + chemoradiotherapy (45 Gy/20 fractions to the pelvis and groin area + 5-fluorouracil 450 mg/m2/weekly) had a progressive metastatic disease; the remaining patient was lost to follow-up after an abdominoperineal resection plus superficial groin dissection. Median survival was 8 months (range, 4-30 months). Overall 5-year survival was 0%. Ten patients in Group B were treated with chemoradiotherapy (50 Gy/25 fractions + 5-fluorouracil 450 mg/m2 + leucovorin 30 mg/m2); three patients received supportive care only, and one patient was treated with a groin dissection. All of them died of disseminated metastatic disease at a median of 13 months (range, 6-57 months). Overall 5-year survival was 0%. CONCLUSION: The presence of inguinal metastases in patients with rectal cancer heralds systemic disease and, due to a poor response to the different therapies, only palliative treatment should be indicated.     

Localization of mesenteric lymph node metastases in relation to the level of arterial ligation in rectal cancer surgery

IntroductionFor oncological reasons, central arterial ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) is suggested in rectal cancer surgery although no conclusive evidence support this. We have therefore investigated the localization of lymph node metastases and compared central ligation of the IMA versus peripheral arterial ligation, in rectal cancer specimens.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional population-based study of consecutive recruited patients who underwent resection for rectal cancer in 2012–2015. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between lymph node count and age, sex, body mass index, preoperative oncological treatment, type of surgery, tumour stage, and vessel and specimen length.Results151 patients (54 women) were included, with median (range) age 70 (45–87) years. The median (range) number of lymph nodes retrieved was 25 (3–70), which was associated with body mass index, type of surgery and vessel length. Vessel length, median (range) 9.6 (5–14) and 9.2 (5–15) cm for reported central and peripheral arterial ligation, respectively, was associated with body mass index. In 39 of 42 samples, metastatic lymph nodes were located in the mesorectum, and 13 of 42 samples also had metastatic lymph nodes in the sigmoid mesentery. None were found around the ligated artery.ConclusionTo recruit all metastatic lymph nodes in rectal cancer surgery, it is important to include the sigmoid mesentery in the specimen, but not to perform a central ligation of the IMA compared with ligation of the SRA close to the left colic artery (LCA).     

子宫颈癌盆腔淋巴结转移的术前CT评价

目的：探讨螺旋CT检查对子宫颈癌盆腔淋巴结转移的诊断价值。方法：60例经临床及病理诊断为子宫颈癌的患者，做子宫颈癌根治术之前行盆腔螺旋CT检查，并以术后病理检查为金标准进行对照，按病例数和盆腔淋巴结部位(粒)数分别计算CT检查的灵敏度、特异度、Youden指数。结果：术前盆腔淋巴结螺旋CT检查的病例对照和部位对照的灵敏度分别为33．3％、28．6％，特异度分别为100％、98．8％，Youden指数分别为0．333、0．274。结论：螺旋CT检查对诊断子宫颈癌盆腔淋巴结转移的特异度较高，具有一定的参考价值；但灵敏度偏低，有待改进。     

直肠癌淋巴结转移规律及其根治术中的合理切除

背景与目的：直肠癌是消化道最为常见的恶性肿瘤之一，淋巴转移是常见的转移途径，也是导致复发而致死亡的重要原因。本研宄探讨直肠癌淋巴结转移规律与直肠癌根治术的合理切除范围。方法：2004年9月-2005年9月于本院普外科胃肠专业组的接受直肠癌根治术27例患者，系膜淋巴结及侧方淋巴结分为10组，送检。结果：共取出淋巴结555个，癌浸润99个，其中肿瘤旁267个，癌浸润72个；肿瘤近端165个，癌浸润21个；肿瘤远端75个，无癌浸润；侧方48个，癌浸润6个。44％有淋巴结转移，11％发生侧方淋巴结转移，直肠癌淋巴结转移肿瘤旁为主，癌浸润淋巴结肿瘤旁占72．7％，近端为21．2％，侧方6．06％，肿瘤远端未见癌浸润淋巴结。结论：直肠癌的淋巴转移以肿瘤旁为主，为保肛低位直肠癌远端切除1～2cm是可行的。     

Thyroid cancer and lymph node metastases

There is considerable controversy about the prognostic implications of lymph node metastases in patients with papillary thyroid cancer and whether patients with papillary thyroid cancer should have a prophylactic or selective central (level VI) neck dissection. Some experts report that a prophylactic ipsilateral neck dissection results in fewer patients having elevated thyroglobulin levels but others do not agree. A comprehensive review of the literature suggests that the presence of macroscopic metastases of papillary thyroid cancer in cervical lymph nodes results in a higher recurrence rate and increased death rate, especially in patients 45 years of age or older, whereas microscopic nodal metastases do not appear to adversely influence survival. Until more information is available we recommend preoperative ultrasonography and a selective ipsilateral neck dissection for patients with papillary thyroid cancer.     

Oncologic significance of para-aortic lymph node and inferior mesenteric lymph node metastasis in sigmoid and rectal adenocarcinoma

Background

Recurrence patterns or survival in colorectal cancer patients might differ according to inferior mesenteric lymph node (IMLN) metastasis. However, few studies have compared para-aortic lymph node (PALN) metastasis and IMLN metastasis. The aim of the current study is to identify survival and recurrence patterns in patients with sigmoid colon and rectal adenocarcinoma with either PALN or IMLN metastasis and to evaluate the prognostic significance of PALN and IMLN metastasis.

Intratumoural budding (ITB) in preoperative biopsies predicts the presence of lymph node and distant metastases in colon and rectal cancer patients

Background:

In colorectal cancer (CRC), tumour budding at the invasion front is associated with lymph node (LN) and distant metastasis. Interestingly, tumour budding can also be detected in biopsies (intratumoural budding; ITB) and may have similar clinical importance. Here we investigate whether ITB in preoperative CRC biopsies can be translated into daily diagnostic practice.

Methods:

Preoperative biopsies from 133 CRC patients (no neoadjuvant therapy) underwent immunohistochemistry for pan-cytokeratin marker AE1/AE3. Across all biopsies for each patient, the densest region of buds at × 40 (high-power field; HPF) was identified and buds were counted.

Results:

A greater number of tumour buds in the biopsy was associated with pT stage (P=0.0143), LN metastasis (P=0.0007), lymphatic (P=0.0065) and venous vessel invasion (P=0.0318) and distant metastasis (cM1) (P=0.0013). Using logistic regression, a ‘scale'' was developed to estimate the probability of LN and distant metastasis using the number of tumour buds (e.g. 10 buds per HPF: 64% chance of LN metastasis; 30 buds per HPF: 86% chance). Inter-observer agreement for ITB was excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.813).

Conclusion:

Tumour budding can be assessed in the preoperative biopsy of CRC patients. It is practical, reproducible and predictive of LN and distant metastasis. Intratumoural budding qualifies for further investigation in the prospective setting.