布地奈德混悬液联合硫酸特布他林雾化治疗儿童哮喘急性发作的临床疗效

目的：观察布地奈德混悬液联合硫酸特布他林雾化治疗儿童哮喘急性发作的,临床效果。方法：观察组40例,采用布地奈德混悬液联合硫酸特布他林混悬液气泵雾化吸入治疗,对照组35例,采用静滴地塞米松联合口服特布他林或沙丁胺醇片剂治疗,记录患儿治疗前后的哮喘症状评分和治疗后临床疗效。结果：治疗后两组患儿的哮喘症状评分和治疗0.5-1h后临床疗效均有改善,观察组和对照组相比有统计学差异。结论：布地奈德混悬液联合硫酸特布他林混悬液气泵吸入治疗是迅速控制儿童哮喘急性发作的较好方法,同时能提高儿童哮喘的疗效。     

观察布地奈德与丙酸倍氯米松辅助特布他林雾化吸入治疗小儿哮喘急性发作的疗效对比

目的探究布地奈德与丙酸倍氯米松辅助特布他林雾化吸入治疗小儿哮喘急性发作的疗效。方法选取了在我院接受治疗的100例小儿哮喘急性发作患儿进行相关研究,纳入时间为2018年6月至2019年1月,将纳入患儿均分为对照组与观察组。两组患儿均行常规对症支持治疗,同时给予其特布他林雾化吸入,在此基础上,对照组患儿辅助采用布地奈德行雾化吸入治疗,观察组患儿辅助采用丙酸倍氯米松行雾化吸入治疗,对比两组临床疗效,住院时间与体征消失时间、治疗前后症状体征评分情况。结果对照组患儿的治疗总有效率为92.00%(46/50),观察组患儿的治疗总有效率为94.00%(47/50)。经比较,两组患儿的临床疗效无明显差异(P<0.05);两组患儿治疗后的症状体征评分均明显优于治疗前,差异显著(P<0.05),但组间对比无明显差异(P>0.05);两组患儿的住院时间与症状消失时间对比均无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论小儿哮喘急性发作采用布地奈德与丙酸倍氯米松辅助特布他林雾化吸入治疗的临床疗效相当,均具有较为良好的治疗效果,值得在临床中推广。     

布地奈德和特布他林联合雾化吸入治疗哮喘急性发作的疗效及护理

目的探讨布地奈德和特布他林联合雾化吸入治疗哮喘急性发作的疗效及护理.方法 选择70例轻中度哮喘急性发作患者,随机分为观察组和对照组.两组患者均给予常规对症治疗,包括抗感染、吸氧、静滴氨茶碱、止咳化痰等.观察组在此基础上加用布地奈德混悬液2mL和特布他林雾化液2mL联合雾化吸入,每天2次,连用7d.观察两组患者治疗后主要症状及体征(呼吸困难、喘息、口 罗音和咳嗽)消失时间,并进行临床疗效的评定.结果 观察组患者呼吸困难、喘息、罗音和咳嗽消失时间明显短于对照组(P＜0.05),治疗7d后,观察组的临床总有效率明显高于对照组(χ2=5.77,P＜0.05),两组治疗期间无严重不良反应.结论 布地奈德和特布他林联合雾化吸入治疗哮喘急性发作的疗效确切,能明显改善患者临床症状及症状.而做好雾化吸入时的各项护理是确保雾化吸入的疗效,减少不良反应的关键.     

特布他林雾化联合布地奈德吸入治疗哮喘急性发作临床观察

目的探讨特布他林联合布地奈德雾化吸入联合布地奈德在哮喘急性发作中的临床效果及安全性。方法将50例哮喘急性发作患者随机分为两组各25例,特布他林+布地奈德组(治疗组)和布地奈德组(对照组)。两组患者均采用综合治疗,包括抗感染、吸氧及化痰治疗;治疗组在综合治疗基础上,加用硫酸特布他林5mg+0.9%氯化钠溶液3mL经氧气雾化吸入与布地奈德2mg加入0.9%氯化钠溶液3mL经氧气雾化吸入,对照组只给予布地奈德2mg加入0.9%氯化钠溶液3mL经氧气雾化吸入。结果治疗组在喘憋、哮鸣音、湿罗音及咳嗽的消失时间和临床控制率上与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),且基本无不良反应发生。结论特布他林布联合地奈德雾化吸入治疗哮喘急性发作疗效确切、安全,是一种值得应用的临床方法。     

布地奈德联合特布他林雾化吸入在小儿哮喘急性发作期的疗效及其对肺功能的影响

目的探讨布地奈德联合特布他林雾化吸入在小儿哮喘急性发作期的疗效及其对肺功能的影响。方法回顾分析2012年3月～2013年3月在本院儿科就诊的哮喘发作患儿90例的资料．根据治疗方法不同分为观察组48例,对照组42例,两组患者均接受常规基础治疗,对照组患儿给予特布他林雾化吸入治疗,观察组患儿给予布地奈德联合特布他林雾化吸人治疗,两组均治疗5d后观察疗效。结果治疗后两组患儿症状均有所改善,且观察组总有效率、临床症状改善时间及肺功能指标均明显优于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论布地奈德联合特布他林雾化吸人治疗小儿哮喘急性发作,能明显改善患者临床症状及肺功能状态,不良反应少,值得推广。     

布地奈德联合特布他林雾化吸入治疗小儿哮喘的疗效观察和护理

目的 探讨布地奈德联合特布他林雾化吸入治疗小儿哮喘的疗效观察.方法 选择72例轻中度的急性发作期的哮喘患儿,随机分为观察组和对照组.两组患儿均给予综合治疗,包括抗病毒,控制感染及解热、镇咳对症处理.治疗组在综合治疗基础上给予布地奈德混悬液和特布他林雾化液联合雾化吸入,每天2次,连用1周.观察两组患儿在治疗、护理后咳嗽、咯痰、喘息、呼吸困难及肺部喘鸣改善情况及消失所需时间,并进行临床疗效判定.结果 观察组在喘憋、哮鸣音、湿啰音和咳嗽消失时间明显短于对照组(P＜0.05).观察组临床总有效率明显高于对照组(x2=5.26,P＜0.05).结论 布地奈德和特布他林联合雾化吸入治疗儿童哮喘急性发作的疗效确切,能明显改善患者临床症状.而充分做好雾化吸入的各项护理是确保治疗安全有效,减少副作用的重要措施.     

布地奈德联合特布他林雾化吸入治疗小儿哮喘急性发作35例

目的 观察布地奈德联合特布他林雾化吸入治疗小儿支气管哮喘急性发作的临床疗效.方法 将70例哮喘患儿随机均分为治疗组和对照组各35例,两组均给予综合治疗,治疗组另加布地奈德(0.5 mg)与特布他林(2.5 mg)雾化吸入,对照组静脉滴注氨茶碱和地塞米松注射剂.结果 治疗组显效率为48.57%,总有效率为91.43%;时照组显效率为25.71%,总有效率为57.14%.治疗组显效率和总有效率均明显高于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01),且症状、体征消失时间也均明显短于对照组(P<0.01).结论 布地奈德与特布他林雾化吸入治疗小儿哮喘疗效肯定、副作用少,值得临床推广.     

雾化吸入普米克治疗重度支气管哮喘的临床观察

目的:探讨氧气驱动布地奈德混悬液(普米克)及硫酸特布他林混悬液雾化吸入治疗重度支气管哮喘的疗效。方法:选择60例重度支气管哮喘患者,随机分为雾化吸入组和对照组,对照组常规给予喘定、地塞米松等常规平喘治疗,雾化吸入组在常规治疗基础上给予布地奈德混悬液和硫酸特布他林混悬液雾化吸入。观察比较两组治疗疗效。结果:观察雾化吸入组与对照组患者治疗前后症状改善情况和肺功能指标,雾化吸入组与对照组疗效相比有显著性差异(P<0.05),且未发现明显副作用。结论:在平喘治疗基础上加用氧气驱动布地奈德混悬液和硫酸特布他林混悬液雾化吸入治疗重度支气管哮喘可有效地缓解重度哮喘的发作。局部用药既可减少激素用量,又克服了激素的副作用。     

布地奈德联合特布他林雾化治疗儿童哮喘急性发作临床疗效观察

目的观察布地奈德联合特布他林雾化吸入治疗婴幼儿支气管哮喘急性发作的临床疗效及安全性。方法将100例确诊为儿童支气管哮喘急性发作的患儿随机分为观察组和对照组各50例。实验组给予硫酸特布他林雾化液1 ml（2.5 mg）和布地奈德雾化混悬液2 ml（1 mg）雾化吸入,同时静脉滴注抗生素;对照组给予静脉滴注抗生素及地塞米松,采用α-糜蛋白酶、病毒唑、地塞米松雾化吸入。在治疗前和治疗后2 h分别观察患儿喘憋症状及肺内哮鸣音变化情况并记录在案。结果观察组在咳嗽的消失时间和临床控制率上与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,治疗期间观察组未见明显不良反应。试验组患儿喘憋改善及肺内哮鸣音消失明显优于对照组。结论布地奈德联合特布他林雾化吸入治疗儿童支气管哮喘急性发作疗效确切、安全,可做为婴幼儿支气管哮喘的首选治疗方案。     

布地奈德与硫酸特布他林雾化吸入对小儿哮喘患儿血清变态反应的影响

目的 分析布地奈德与硫酸特布他林雾化吸入对小儿哮喘患儿血清变态反应的影响.方法 随机选取广东省阳春市妇幼保健院儿科二区2019年4月至2021年4月治疗的150例哮喘急性发作患儿,采用随机数字表法分为两组,每组各75例,参照组接受布地奈德雾化吸入治疗,病例组接受布地奈德+硫酸特布他林雾化吸入治疗,比较两组临床疗效、症状...     

Interaction of estrone and estradiol with DNA and protein of liver and kidney in rat and hamster in vivo and in vitro

[6,7-³H] Estrone (E) and [6,7-³H]estradiol-17 (E₂) have been synthesized by reduction of 6-dehydroestrone and 6-dehydroestradiol with tritium gas. Tritiated E and E₂ were administered by oral gavage to female rats and to male and female hamsters on a dose level of about 300 g/kg (54 mCi/kg). After 8 h, the liver was excised from the rats; liver and kidneys were taken from the hamsters. DNA was purified either directly from an organ homogenate or via chromatin. The radioactivity in the DNA was expressed in the units of the Covalent Binding Index, CBI = (mol chemical bound per mol DNA-P)/(mmol chemical administered per kg b.w.). Rat liver DNA isolated via chromatin exhibited the very low values of 0.08 and 0.09 for E and E₂, respectively. The respective figures in hamster liver were 0.08 and 0.11 in females and 0.21 and 0.18 in the males. DNA isolated from the kidney revealed a detectable radioactivity only in the female, with values of 0.03 and 0.05 for E and E₂, respectively. The values for male hamster kidney were < 0.01 for both hormones. The minute radioactivity detectable in the DNA samples does not represent covalent binding to DNA, however, as indicated by two sets of control experiments. (A) Analysis by HPLC of the nucleosides prepared by enzyme digest of liver DNA isolated directly or via chromatin did not reveal any consistent peak which could have been attributed to a nucleoside-steroid adduct. (B) All DNA radioactivity could be due to protein contaminations, because the specific activity of chromatin protein was determined to be more than 3,000 times higher than of DNA. The high affinity of the hormone to protein was also demonstrated by in vitro incubations, where it could be shown that the specific activity of DNA and protein was essentially proportional to the concentration of radiolabelled hormone in the organ homogenate, regardless of whether the animal was treated or whether the hormone was added in vitro to the homogenate.Carcinogens acting by covalent DNA binding can be classified according to potency on the basis of the Covalent Binding Index. Values of 10³–10⁴ have been found for potent, 10² for moderate, and 1–10 for weak carcinogens. Since estrone is moderately carcinogenic for the kidney of the male hamster, a CBI of about 100 would be expected. The actually measured limit of detection of 0.01 places covalent DNA binding among the highly unlikely mechanisms of action. Similar considerations can be made for the liver where any true covalent DNA binding must be below a level of 0.01. It is concluded that an observable tumor induction by estrone or estradiol is unlikely to be due to DNA binding.Paper presented at the Satellite Symposium of the European Society of Toxicology, Rome, March 29, 1983     

Penetration and action of edoxudine in vitro and in vivo

The penetration of 5-ethyl-2'-deoxyuridine (edoxudine, Aedurid) from gel base with and without the addition of urea and other adjuvant has been studied in an in vitro model using guinea pig skin. The formulation of 3% edoxudine gel with 5% urea showed the best results. In vivo experiments on hairless mice infected intracutaneously with herpes simplex virus type 1 also showed this formulation's good efficacy as compared to other formulations.     

Mechanisms of antiplatelet and antithrombotic activity of midazolam in in vitro and in vivo studies

Dopamine regulates various physiological functions in the central nervous system and the periphery. Dysfunction of the dopamine system is implicated in a wide variety of disorders and behaviors including schizophrenia, addiction, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Medications that modulate dopamine signaling have therapeutic efficacy on the treatment of these disorders. However, the causes of these disorders and the role of dopamine are still unclear. Studying the dopamine system in a model organism, such as Caenorhabditis elegans, allows the genetic analysis in a simple and well-described nervous system, which may provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms of dopamine signaling. In this review, we summarize recent findings on pharmacological and biochemical properties of the C. elegans dopamine receptors and their physiological role in the control of behavior.     

Extraction and determination of prednisolone in drugs and excipients in ointments and creams and the uniformity of distribution in prednisolone ointment

For the purpose of measuring the contents of prednisolone in low concentrated ointments and creams an instruction was elaborated that includes several steps of extraction, in the resulting solution of which the assay of the steroid by Blue Tetrazolium reaction will be done. The procedure permits the determination of prednisolone in presence of most of usual ingredients of ointment bases except wool alcohols. Also no influence is given by some remedies combined with prednisolone for topical application except coal tar solution. The results confirm a correct reflection of the steroid contents declared respectively the recovery of the steroid added to various ointment bases. Introducing discussion to content uniformity concerning low concentrated ointments is made, and some deviations are shown.     

Comparative in vivo and in vitro studies of phenytoin protein binding and in vitro lipolysis in plasma of pregnant and nonpregnant rats

This investigation was designed to determine the cause of the changes in drug protein binding that occur in rat plasma, particularly in plasma from pregnant animals, during in vitro drug-protein binding measurements. In vivo estimates of phenytoin binding in plasma were obtained from steady-state CSF-plasma concentration ratios in pregnant and nonpregnant rats. Immediate ultrafiltration of heparin- or EDTA-anticoagulated plasma yielded phenytoin free fraction values that were in good agreement with in vivo estimates for nonpregnant rats but that were about one-third higher than in vivo estimates for pregnant animals. In vitro free fraction values tended to increase during incubation of plasma and/or during equilibrium dialysis. The concentrations of the four major endogenous free fatty acids were similar in plasma of pregnant and nonpregnant rats if determined immediately after blood collection. Six hours of incubation at 37 degrees C caused fatty acid concentrations to increase about fivefold and twofold in heparin-anticoagulated plasma from pregnant and nonpregnant animals, respectively. The corresponding increases in EDTA-anticoagulated plasma were only about twofold and 1.14-fold, respectively. These changes were associated with decreased plasma protein binding of phenytoin. The in vivo differences between pregnant and nonpregnant rats with respect to phenytoin binding in plasma are not due to differences in fatty acid concentrations, but the in vitro differences are due primarily to corresponding differences in free fatty acid concentrations if extensive in vitro lipolysis occurs.     

Mathematical modelling of in situ and in vitro efflux of ciprofloxacin and grepafloxacin

The efflux process due to p-glycoprotein-like mechanisms of ciprofloxacin (CIP) and grepafloxacin (GRX) has been studied "in situ" in rats and "in vitro" in Caco-2 cells. The results were modelled by a curve fitting procedure which allowed the characterization of the passive (Pd) and carrier mediated parameters (Vm and Km) from the raw data without initial velocities estimation. CIP absorption in rat was characterized as a passive diffusion at the assayed concentrations. Although the involvement of an efflux transporter cannot be ruled out, its relevance in the transport of the fluoroquinolone is negligible. In GRX absorption, an efflux process is implicated and it is detected in both absorption models. GRX permeability depends on the intestinal segment, reflecting the previously reported different expression level of the efflux transporters along the gut in rat. A first attempt to correlate the "in vitro" and the "in situ" data has been done. The mathematical model has been constructed using very simplistic assumptions and it will require further refinement but, nevertheless, the results are promising and demonstrate that a good modelling approach helps to identify the system critical parameters and how the system behaviour change when the parameters are modified as it happens when we move from the "in vitro" to the "in situ" level. Predicted versus experimental permeability values show a good correlation, demonstrating that the relevance of the secretion process "in situ" in rat can be predicted from the "in vitro" cell results.     

Comparison of in vitro and in vivo developmental toxicity and pharmacokinetics of phenytoin in the rat

The rat whole embryo culture was compared to an in vivo experiment with regard to embryotoxicity as well as exposure characteristics, using phenytoin as a model compound. Intra-embryonic concentrations and their embryotoxic effects were determined on gestation day 11 after in vitro administration of 50-150 microg/ml or in vivo gavage of 500-1500 mg/kg body-weight on gestation day 10. In addition, exposure kinetics were studied in vivo after a single oral dose on gestation day 10, and developmental defects on gestation day 21 were scored. The embryotoxic effects observed on gestation day 11 were more pronounced after in vitro exposure in comparison to in vivo exposure at similar intra-embryonic concentrations. Exposure of phenytoin on gestation day 10 in vitro via the culture medium resulted in general embryotoxicity on gestation day 11, whereas in vivo effects as determined on gestation day 11 were minimal. Plasma concentrations of phenytoin increased and plateaued around 35 microg/ml during the 48 hr monitoring period. Plasma concentration curves and pharmacokinetic parameters did not show remarkable differences between the dose groups, indicating that absorption is the limiting factor at the dose range used. Although the developmental effects were minimal as observed in vivo on gestation day 11, specific malformations (defects encompassing the urogenital. craniofacial and skeletal systems) were observed on gestation day 21. These findings show that with similar intra-embryonic concentrations of phenytoin the embryotoxicity in rat whole embryo culture was not comparable with the in vivo embryotoxicity as determined on gestation day 11. This discrepancy may at least partly be explained by differences in exposure characteristics.     

Comparison of pulmonary and hepatic glucuronidation and sulphation of ethanol in rat and rabbit in vitro

1. Pulmonary and hepatic UDP-glucuronyltransferase and sulphotransferase activities in subcellular fractions from rats and rabbits were determined, comparing ethanol with known substrates for these enzymes.

2. No ethyl glucuronide formation was detected with either hepatic or pulmonary microsomal incubations.

3. Chromatographic, autoradiographic and scintillation counting analysis indicated that ethanol is sulphated by rat and rabbit pulmonary cytosol, although this activity was approx. 2–6% of that in liver.

4. Rat hepatic and pulmonary sulphotransferase activities with β-naphthol were approx. 13 and 60 times higher than with ethanol, respectively.

5. Rabbit hepatic and pulmonary sulphotransferase activities with both substrates were higher than those in rat.