百灵鸟嗅叶X区的纤维联系

将ＣＢ－ＨＲＰ注入百灵鸟嗅叶Ｘ区，在同侧上丘脑背外侧核内侧部有标记终末，在同侧上纹状体腹侧尾核、中脑Ｔｓａｉ腹侧区和双侧蓝斑有标记细胞。结果表明：Ｘ区向上丘脑背外侧核内侧部射，它接受上纹状腹侧尾核、中脑Ｔｓａｉ腹侧区和蓝斑的传入。根据本文结果和作者以往的研究表明，上纹状体腹侧尾核的发声控制通过两条路径与原纹体栎核联系：一条是直接通路，另一条是上纹状休腹侧尾核先投射到Ｘ区，由Ｘ区投射到上丘脑背外侧核     

大鼠下丘脑向嗅球的传出纤维联系──WGA－HRP和HRP法研究

采用ＷＧＡ－ＨＲＰ和ＨＲＰ逆行追踪法，对２０只ＳＤ大鼠下丘脑向嗅球的投射进行了观察。在同侧下丘脑视前大细胞核均观察到较多的酶标记细胞；同侧下丘脑外侧核和室周核常出现少量酶标记细胞；偶见同侧下丘前核、乳头体外侧核、下丘脑腹内侧核前部、背内侧核腹侧部及弓状核出现少量酶标记细胞。     

大鼠下边缘皮质与杏仁外侧核和基底外侧核的相互纤维联系及投射…

用辣根过氧化物酶（ＨＲＰ）逆行示踪与免疫细胞化学双标技术对大鼠下边缘皮质（ＩＬ）与杏仁外侧核（Ｌａ）和基底外侧核（ＢＬ）的相互纤维投射及其投射性质进行了研究。结果：将ＨＲＰ泳入一侧ＩＬ，在泳药同侧，ＢＬ的后部出现密集的标记细胞，ＢＬ的前部、Ｌａ的腹内侧亚核和背外侧亚核也有较多标记细胞；将ＨＲＰ泳入一侧Ｌａ和ＢＬ，在双侧ＩＬ均可见到大量标记细胞；将ＨＲＰ泳入一侧ＩＬ结合免疫细胞化学双标技术，观察到同     

猫上丘至间脑和脑干的若干传出投射——HRP法顺行性研究

本文用顺行性轴浆运输技术,对猫上丘传出投射进行了研究。HRP注射至吻端上丘后,许多标记终末见于同侧外侧膝状体腹核的腹内侧区、未定带腹侧部、丘脑后外侧核内侧份、束旁核和中央正中核。丘脑的背内侧核和网状核内标记终末较少。同侧二叠体旁核尾侧区、桥核背外侧区以及对侧内侧副橄榄核背内侧区有最密集的标记终末。HRP注射至尾端上丘后,仅同侧桥核背外侧区有大量标记终末,二叠体旁核内标记终末较吻端上丘注射者大为减少,上述丘脑各核及内侧副橄榄核内均未观察到标记终末。这些结果表明,上丘至丘脑和脑干一些核团的传出投射,具有一定的局部定位关系。     

大鼠口舌部粘膜伤害性刺激信息的感受及传导通路

本文采用以辣根过氧化物酶（ＨＲＰ）注入丘脑腹后内侧核区的逆行追踪技术结合用盐酸溶液刺激大鼠口、舌粘膜的方法，观察了ＦＯＳ、ＨＲＰ单标记和双标记神经元在三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核内的分布．证明脑干内除臂旁核、孤束核、延髓腹外侧网状结构等脑区外，大量ＦＯＳ样阳性神经元聚集于三叉神经尾侧亚核Ⅰ、Ⅱ层，三叉旁核（间质核）有中等量分布而Ⅳ、Ⅴ层内仅见散在标记细胞．ＨＲＰ逆行标记细胞主要位于注射对侧的三叉神经感觉主核和脊束核．三叉神经尾侧亚核内的逆行标记细胞局限于背外侧部Ⅰ层，多为沿外缘呈切线方向走行的圆形、椭圆形和梭形细胞．在三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核背外侧部浅层内，可见到一些胞浆内含ＨＲＰ反应产物、核为ＦＯＳ样阳性的双标记神经元．本文结果提示三叉神经尾侧亚核浅层内存在大量对口、舌粘膜伤害性刺激起反应的痛感受神经元，其中部分神经元将伤害性感觉传入信息传递至丘脑．     

大鼠延髓至下丘脑室旁核的儿茶酚胺能投射神经元在胃伤害性刺激后的FOS表达

用ＨＲＰ注入下丘脑室旁核逆行追踪与抗Ｆｏｓ和抗酪氨酸羟化酶（ＴＨ）双重免疫细胞化学相结合的三重标记方法，对大鼠孤束核和延髓腹外侧区至下丘脑室旁核的儿茶酚胺能投射神经元对胃伤害性刺激后的ｃ－ｆｏｓ表达进行了观察，发现孤束核和延髓腹外侧区有７种不同的标记细胞：ＨＲＰ、Ｆｏｓ、ＴＨ单标细胞，Ｆｏｓ／ＨＲＰ、Ｆｏｓ／ＴＨ、ＨＲＰ／ＴＨ双标细胞，Ｆｏｓ／ＨＲＰ／ＴＨ三标细胞。上述７种标记细胞主要分布在延髓中、尾段孤束核的内侧亚核、连合亚核和延髓腹外侧区以及两者之间的网状结构。ＨＲＰ标记细胞以注射侧为主，对侧有少量分布。本文结果证明，大鼠孤束核和延髓腹外侧区至下丘脑室旁核投射的部分儿茶酚胺能神经元可能参与胃伤害性刺激的传导和调控。     

大鼠脑干内向杏仁中央核投射的神经元对胃肠道伤害性刺激的FO…

本文应用ＨＲＰ逆行追踪与ＦＯＳ免疫组化结合的方法，观察了脑干内枵仁中央核投射的神经元对胃肠道伤害性刺激的ＦＯＳ表达，结果在脑干内到ＦＯＳ样免疫反应阳性，ＨＲＰ标记和ＦＯＳ／ＨＲＰ双重反是性的细胞，它们分布在延髓的孤束核，腹外侧区及两者之间的网状，脑桥臂旁核，中脑导水管周围灰上侧区，中缝背核和被美国背侧核等区域。ＦＯＳ／ＨＲＰ双重反应阳性细胞占ＨＲＰ标记细胞总数的３２．７％。脑干内检出ＦＯＳ／ＨＲＰ     

下丘脑投射至中脑旁中央区的纤维起源

用电泳方法将 HRP 导入大白鼠中脑中央灰质背外侧部,可见下丘脑前核、腹内侧核、背内侧核、乳头体前背核、乳头体前腹核和乳头体外侧核等处有较多的标记神经元。将酶导入中脑中央灰质腹侧部,在视前区、下丘脑前部外侧区、结节部外侧区、腹内侧核、背内侧核和乳头体前背核等处有标记神经元。酶导入中脑被盖内侧部,可见视前区、下丘脑前部外侧区、腹内侧核、背内侧核、乳头体前背核,乳头体内侧核和外侧核有标记神经元。     

猫眶回向脑干的下行投射—WGA-HRP顺行追踪研究

为了探讨猫眶回至脑干下行投射的起源和终止部位,分别向眶回前部和后部注射WGA-HRP,追踪在脑干里的顺行标记终末支,结果如下: 1.眶回前部注射,标记终未支见于三叉神经脊束核各亚核、感觉主核、孤束核和臂旁核等,而眶回后部注射,标记终末支多位于中脑中央灰质和臂旁核等。 2.三叉神经感觉核簇由尾侧亚核吻部至感觉主核,于背侧部或背内侧部形成连续柱形标记区,其中吻侧亚核标记最密。孤束核的标记见于闩以上,吻侧部标记密集。臂旁核内的标记在眶回前部注射例多见于其内侧核;在眶回后部注射例,外侧核内标记稍多。中脑中央灰质里的标记区由尾向吻侧,逐渐由背外向腹外转移。 3.各部的标记终末支主要见于注射同侧,对侧标记较少甚至没有。     

大鼠脑干中缝核群向额前皮质的传入投射──HRP法研究

本实验用ＨＲＰ法研究了２７只大鼠脑干中缝核群向额前皮质的传入联系。结果如下：向额前皮质各区泳注ＨＲＰ后，标记细胞出现于上位脑干的中缝核，即吻侧、尾侧线形核，中缝背核，正中中缝核；下位脑干的中缝核中，除中缝苍白核外，中缝桥核、中缝大核、中缝隐核中也见到标记细胞。各中缝核中，以中缝背核标记为最多，其次是正中中缝核、中缝桥核和中缝大核，较少的是中缝隐核，吻、尾侧线形核．标记细胞大部分为中、小型，偶见大型，形态为多极形、梭形或三角形．另外，发现中缝核向额前皮质不同区域投射的细胞数量不同，正中中缝核、中缝桥核和中缝大校主要投射到额前皮质的内侧部分、而中缝背核，吻、尾侧线形核主要投射到额前皮质的外侧部分．     

猫丘脑中央外侧核的皮质下传入联系

本实验用HRP逆行性轴浆运输技术,对猫丘脑中央外侧核的传入纤维联系及其局部定位关系进行了观察。投射至丘脑中央外侧核尾侧区的主要核团包括:外侧膝状体腹核背侧带、丘脑网状核特别是它的背侧部、上丘深层,以同侧为主。板内核、丘脑下部外侧区和黑质网状部神经元的轴突终止在同侧丘脑中央外侧核吻侧区。丘脑中央外侧核全长的传入起自脑干网状结构和前庭神经核,呈双侧投射。前者以同侧为主,后者以对侧占优势。同侧未定带,顶盖前区、动眼神经核周围的细胞群、对侧三叉神经感觉主核、楔束核、薄束核以及小脑齿状核内也含有少量标记细胞。我们还观察到HRP注射中心区位于中央外侧核并扩散至丘脑腹前核者,同侧脚内核含大量HRP阳性细胞,而Gudden被盖腹侧核内充满密集的标记终末。这些结果表明,丘脑中央外侧核可能涉及多种感觉和运动功能。     

大鼠间脑和皮质下端脑到前额叶皮质的传入投射——WGA-HRP法研究

本研究将 WGA-HRP 注射于25只大鼠前额叶皮质的前扣带回背部、前边缘区及岛叶无颗粒皮质背部,观察其间脑和皮质下端脑的传入联系。间脑的传入主要来自丘脑背内侧核,并有一定的局部定位。此外,丘脑的板内核群(中央外侧核、旁中央核、中央内侧核及束旁核)、腹侧核群(腹外侧核、腹内侧核、腹前核及腹后核)、中线核群(菱形核、连合核、带旁核及室旁核)、前内侧核、外侧缰核、后核及外侧核亦有到前额叶皮质的传入投射,且投射到前额叶皮质不同部位的数量不同。丘脑下部的传入主要来自外侧区、外侧视前区、尾侧大细胞核及乳头体上核,少量传入也可见于丘脑下部后区、背内侧核、腹内侧核及未定带。皮质下端脑的传入主要来自苍白球,其次为斜角带核、隔核、杏仁核及屏状核。在隔核中,除内侧隔核外还观察到外侧隔核,繖隔核及三角隔核亦投射到前额叶皮质。杏仁核中除杏仁外侧核、杏仁基底核外侧部及内侧部外,还观察到杏仁内侧核及杏仁皮质核亦有少量到前额叶皮质的传入。     

Organization of afferent connections to the lateral and interpositus cerebellar nuclei from the brainstem relay nuclei: a horseradish peroxidase study in the cat

Afferent projections to the lateral (dentate) and interpositus cerebellar nuclei from the brainstem relay nuclei were studied in cats using the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) method. In the first series of experiments, HRP was injected into the brachium pontis. Mossy fiber terminals were anterogradely labeled, predominantly in the lateral (hemispherical) part, moderately in the intermediate part, and slightly in the vermal part of the cerebellum. Besides these terminals in the cerebellar cortex, axon terminals labeled anterogradely were also found in the cerebellar nuclei. The labeled terminals appeared almost exclusively in the lateral nucleus and rarely in the interpositus nucleus. Cells labeled retrogradely were found both in the pontine nuclei and the tegmental reticular nucleus, but not in other brainstem nuclei. In the second series of experiments, HRP was injected into the lateral and interpositus nuclei, and retrograde labeling was examined in the brainstem relay nuclei. After HRP injection into the lateral nucleus, the number of labeled cells was significantly large in the pontine nuclei, but fairly small in the reticular or vestibular nuclei. The number of labeled cells was generally large in the inferior olive, mainly in the principal olive. After HRP injection into the interpositus nucleus, the number of labeled cells was moderate in the reticular or vestibular nuclei, but small in the pontine nuclei. The number of labeled cells in the inferior olive was also large, being distributed mainly in the accessory olives. These results indicate that the pontine nuclei and the principal olive provide major afferent inputs to the lateral nucleus, whereas the reticular nuclei, the vestibular nuclei and the accessory olives are the major afferent sources to the interpositus nucleus.     

Retrograde demonstration of hippocampal afferents from the interpeduncular and reuniens nuclei

The origin of hippocampal afferent projections was studied after horseradish peroxidase injections into the hippocampal formation. Labeled cells were found in the dorsal and ventrolateral aspects of the interpeduncular nucleus and in the ipsilateral portion of the nucleus reuniens thalami. In addition, neurons containing HRP were observed in the cortical, hypothalamic and brain stem areas reported by previous investigators.     

Calcitonin gene-related peptidergic projection from the parabrachial area to the forebrain and diencephalon in the rat: an immunohistochemical analysis

We investigated ascending fiber projections of calcitonin gene-related peptide from the parabrachial area to the forebrain and diencephalon in the rat using immunocytochemistry. Destruction of the lateral portion of the dorsal parabrachial area resulted in a marked ipsilateral decrease in the fibers containing calcitonin gene-related peptide in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, indicating that cells containing calcitonin gene-related peptide in the lateral portion of the dorsal parabrachial area projected to the ipsilateral ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus. Destruction of the ventral portion of the parabrachial area resulted in a marked decrease of fibers containing calcitonin gene-related peptide in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, the central amygdaloid nucleus and the lateral hypothalamus just medial to the crus cerebri (the far-lateral hypothalamus), and a less marked decrease in the ventromedial thalamic nucleus. This means that there are projections from cells containing calcitonin gene-related peptide in the ventral portion of the parabrachial area to the first three regions just mentioned, and to some extent to the last.     

Direct projections of the hypothalamic nuclei to the thalamic mediodorsal nucleus in the cat

Direct projections of the hypothalamic nuclei to the thalamic mediodorsal nucleus (MD) were studied using retrograde and anterograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)-HRP. HRP and WGA-HRP were injected into the MD, thalamic paraventricular, lateral habenular and hypothalamic nuclei. The results indicate that the MD, particularly its medial part, receives a moderate amount of hypothalamic afferents, and that most of these afferents originate in the medial part of the lateral hypothalamic nucleus at anterior levels, while a limited number are derived from the dorsal, dorsomedial, ventromedial and anterior hypothalamic and lateral preoptic nuclei.     

Brainstem projections to the medial preoptic region containing the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone perikarya in the rat. An immunohistochemical and retrograde transport study.

The afferent projections to the anterior medial preoptic area (MPA) from the brainstem have been studied, in female Wistar rats, by retrograde tracing with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The HRP was injected by iontophoresis into the preoptic region containing the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) perikarya. The brain sections including the MPA were reacted with diaminobenzidine (DAB) to reveal the injection site; the LHRH cells were then immunohistochemically identified using DAB with ammonium nickel sulphate. When the injection site incorporated the LHRH cells, the brainstem sections were reacted with the DAB nickel solution to detect lysosomal HRP and then immunohistochemically processed to locate the adrenaline-synthesizing cells using DAB alone. The results confirm the brainstem projections to the MPA from the central grey matter, ventral tegmental area, subcoeruleus area, the dorsal raphe nucleus, the lateral parabrachial nucleus, the raphe pontis nucleus, the raphe obscurus nucleus, the region of the paragigantocellular nucleus and the nucleus of the solitary tract. Given the considerable evidence implicating the ascending adrenergic systems in the regulation of LHRH, we focused our attention on the afferents from the locus coeruleus, area postrema and the adrenaline-synthesizing cell groups (C1-3). The only cells which were retrogradely labelled and immunopositive for phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase were found in C3.     

大白鼠脚间核的传入性联系

本实验应用微量注射和离子透入法经三种不同入路,将HRP输入大鼠脚间核内,追踪脚间核的传入性联系。三种不同进针方向,共同出现标记神经元的核团除了缰内侧核、缰外侧核、中缝背核、中央上核、被盖背核、被盖背外侧核、导水管周围灰质外侧与腹外侧区和蓝斑以外,尚有Broca氏斜角带核和伏隔核。组内侧核和脚间核的联系存在着明显的局部定位关系,即双侧缰内侧核内侧投射至脚间核中部的腹侧和腹外侧;双侧缰内侧核外侧投射至脚间核中部的背侧;同侧缰内侧核投射至脚间核中部的外侧;双侧缰内侧核纤维并不投射至脚间核的吻端和尾端。本研究还发现其它核团对脚间核的投射也存在一定的局部定位关系,如缰外侧核、被盖背核腹内侧和被盖背外侧核均投射到脚间核的尾侧;伏隔核尾端也有投射纤维至脚间核。     

大鼠下边缘皮质与杏仁外侧核和基底外侧核的相互纤维联系及投射性质探讨-HRP结合免疫细胞化学法

用辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)逆行示踪与免疫细胞化学双标技术对大鼠下边缘皮质(IL)与杏仁外侧核(La)和基底外侧核(BL)的相互纤维投射及其投射性质进行了研究.结果:将HRP泳入一侧IL,在泳药同侧,BL的后部出现密集的标记细胞,BL的前部、La的腹内侧亚核和背外侧亚核也有较多标记细胞;将HRP泳入一侧La和BL.在双侧IL均可见到大量标记细胞;将HRP泳入一侧IL结合免疫细胞化学双标技术、观察到同侧BL的前部有HRP—SOM(生长抑素)双标细胞.本实验证实IL的纤维投射参与基底外侧核一边缘系统环路(BL一LC).即所谓“记忆环路”,IL的传入投射含有SOM能神经活性物质.