CT晕轮征在肺单发结节中的意义

对肺单发结节(SPN)的定性诊断一直是临床工作中的难点及热点。近年随着影像技术的进步,尤其是CT技术的进步,对SPN的CT征象有了越来越多的新发现。通过对这些CT征象的研究分析,对SPN的良恶性有了更多、更好的鉴别诊断方法。晕轮征指肺部CT上表现为结节样改     

炎症型肺浸润性黏液腺癌CT表现

目的 观察炎症型肺浸润性黏液腺癌（PIMA）的CT表现。方法 回顾性分析经手术病理或穿刺活检证实的30例炎症型PIMA患者的临床、影像学（CT平扫+增强扫描）及病理学资料。结果 30例CT均见肺内实变灶，其中5例为单纯实变，25例实变伴多种改变；肺内实变平扫CT密度均低于同层面肌肉，增强后多呈轻度强化；26例实变灶内见血管造影征，12例见肺叶膨隆征。30例中，首次CT诊断肺癌9例，21例误诊为感染性病变或其他病变。结论 炎症型PIMA实变平扫CT密度低于同层面肌肉，增强后轻中度强化，可见血管造影征、肺叶膨隆征等；合并GGO、结节及囊状透亮影有助于鉴别诊断炎症型PIMA与炎症性病变及淋巴瘤。     

原发性肺黏液腺癌的临床表现及CT征象

目的 探讨原发性肺黏液腺癌（PPMA）的临床表现及CT征象。方法 收集经病理证实的27例PPMA患者的临床资料及影像资料,归纳总结其临床表现及CT特征。结果 27例患者中,仅2例（2/27,7.41%）表现为典型的咳白色泡沫痰,余无特异性表现,其中13例（13/27,48.15%）患者体检发现病灶。27例患者共检出28个病灶,24个（24/28,85.71%）为周围型,4个（4/28,14.29%）为中央型。实性病灶15个（15/28,53.57%）,囊实性10个（10/28,35.72%）,磨玻璃结节3个（3/28,10.71%）;病灶内空泡征11个（11/28,39.29%）,短毛刺10个（10/28,35.72%）,浅分叶11个（11/28,39.29%）,胸膜侵犯3个（3/28,10.71%）。对10例患者行增强扫描,9例表现为轻度强化,1例为中度强化。27例患者中11例（11/27,40.74%）发生淋巴结或/和脑、骨、胸膜转移。结论 PPMA临床症状不典型,CT表现有一定的特异性、对提高其早期诊断率有一定的帮助。     

The CT halo sign in invasive aspergillosis

In immunocompromised patients, the pulmonary computed tomography halo sign is highly suggestive of angioinvasive aspergillosis. Early recognition may be life‐saving.     

鳞癌与腺癌源性空洞型肺转移瘤的CT征象分析

目的探讨鳞癌源性空洞型肺转移瘤(cavitary pulmonary metastasis,CPM)与腺癌源性CPM在CT表现上的差异。方法回顾分析病理证实的13例61枚鳞癌源性CPM和22例60枚腺癌源性CPM,分析其CT表现。结果鳞癌CPM中有泡样空洞13枚,不规则空洞9枚,囊样空洞26枚,小环形空洞13枚。腺癌CPM有泡样空洞21枚,不规则空洞21枚和小环形空洞18枚,未见囊样空洞。57枚CPM的空洞壁厚度均匀,包括鳞癌39枚、腺癌18枚。22枚鳞癌和42枚腺癌共64枚CPM的洞壁厚度不均匀。鳞癌和腺癌CPM在部位、瘤灶大小、空洞壁厚度上无差异,囊样空洞多见于鳞癌,鳞癌空洞中壁厚度均匀者较多,腺癌与此相反,这一差异具有显著性。结论鳞癌CPM和腺癌CPM在CT表现上各有一定特征,可能有助于推测CPM的原发灶病理类型。     

反晕征在胸部疾病诊断中的研究进展

反晕征(RHS)最初被发现于隐源性机化性肺炎中,随后在各种不同的疾病中也观察到此种征象,有学者观察到不同疾病中病灶的构成并不完全相同,因而对于其形成机制以及其对疾病的诊断是否有提示价值进行研究。本文收集了一些经报道的病例,综合资料,可能有助于够减小疾病诊断范围。     

CT features of hepatic metastases from hepatoid adenocarcinoma

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to report the imaging presentation of hepatic metastases from hepatoid adenocarcinoma (HAC).

Methods

We retrospectively identified 11 patients (10 men and 1 woman; median age 66) with HAC liver metastasis who underwent contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) which included arterial phase and portal venous phase. Two radiologists analyzed the imaging parameters, which included the enhancement pattern on arterial and portal phase images, necrosis, venous thrombi, and overall imaging diagnosis, and arrived at a consensus.

Results

On arterial phase, the liver lesions had global hyper-enhancement (n = 0), heterogeneous hyper-enhancement (63.6%; n = 7/11), peripheral hyper-enhancement (n = 0), iso-enhancement (n = 0/11), or hypo-enhancement (36.4%; n = 4/11). On portal venous phase, homogenous hypo-enhancement (18.2%; n = 2/11) and heterogenous hypo-enhancement (81.8%; n = 9/11) were observed. Venous thromboses occurred in four patients (36.4%; n = 4/11). The overall imaging diagnoses were “HCC-like” in seven patients (63.6%; n = 7/11), “indeterminable” in 1 patient (9.1%; n = 1/11), and “HCC-unlike” in three patients (27.3%; n = 3/11).

Conclusions

The imaging features of HAC liver metastasis were varied. Arterial phase enhancement coupled with venous phase washout (resembling HCC imaging features) was a major finding, but arterial phase hypo-enhancement (distinct from HCC imaging features) was also frequently encountered.

     

Periportal halo: A CT sign of liver disease

Periportal halos are defined as circumferential zones of decreased attenuation identified around the peripheral or subsegmental portal venous branches on contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT). These halos probably represent fluid or dilated lymphatics in the loose areolar zone around the portal triad structures. While this CT finding is nonspecific, it is abnormal and should prompt close scrutiny of the liver in search of an underlying etiology. Periportal halos which may be due to blood are commonly seen in patients with liver trauma. Periportal edema may cause this sign in patients with congestive heart failure and secondary liver congesion, hepatitis, or enlarged lymph nodes and tumors in the porta hepatis which obstruct lymphatic drainage. This CT sign has also been observed in liver transplants (probably secondary to disruption and engorgement of lymphatic channels) and in recipients of bone marrow transplants who might develop liver edema from microvenous occlusive disease. While the precise pathophysiologic basis of periportal tracking has not been proven, it represents a potentially important CT sign of occult liver disease.     

空洞型肺转移性腺癌的CT表现

肺转移性腺癌在临床上较为常见,但卒洞型转移(Cavi-tary pulmonary metastasis from adenocarcinoma,CPMAC)甚少[1-3],我们收集CPMAC患者30例,结合病理分析空洞CT表现,探讨其形成原因.     

磨玻璃晕征环绕的周围型肺癌的CT特征及病理对照观察

目的 探讨表现为磨玻璃晕征环绕的周围型肺癌的CT影像特征,以提高对其的认识及诊断正确率. 方法 回顾性分析10例经手术病理证实的周围型肺癌患者,均有环形磨玻璃密度影环绕中心实性结节.另选取临床综合诊断或病理证实的具有晕征的炎性结节病变患者44例作为对照,其中球形肺炎21例,结核球15例,真菌病8例.所有患者均有详细的CT平扫和增强扫描资料,观察晕征及中心实性结节的影像特点,对肺癌及炎性结节各影像表现的发生率行χ2检验.肺癌患者与病理进行对照分析. 结果 10例周围型肺癌,磨玻璃影与肿瘤实性结节交界面、肺野交界面均境界清楚(100%).炎性结节磨玻璃影与实性结节交界面清楚者仅11例(25.00%),交界不清楚者33例(75.00%);炎性结节磨玻璃影与肺野交界面均不清楚(100%).10例周围型肺癌病灶中心实性结节边缘出现分叶征3例,毛刺征7例,胸膜凹陷征4例,恶性征象的发生率为100%;炎性结节病灶中心实性结节边缘无一出现上述征象.10例肺癌结节与21例球形肺炎均明显强化;结核球仅3例出现包膜强化,真菌病1例少许强化,与肺癌比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05). 结论磨玻璃晕征环绕的周围型肺癌的CT表现具有特征性,综合分析磨玻璃影及中心实性结节的边缘及内部结构的影像表现,对良恶性结节的鉴别诊断具有重要意义.     

不典型肺原发空洞型黏液腺癌1例

患者女,80岁,因体检胸透发现左下肺占位来我院就医.胸片:正位片左下肺野外带,侧位片心影后方可见一厚壁空洞,形状欠规则,大小约为3.0 cm×3.0 cm,其壁厚薄不均,外壁尚光整,界限清楚,与侧胸壁紧密相连.右上肺野外带第一前肋间水平可见少许斑条影.     

The nonspecificity of the thyroid halo sign

In a series of 28 patients with solitary solid thyroid masses, 10 of the patients had a mass surrounded by a rim of decreased echoes or by an echo-free rim, previously termed the halo sign. Eight of these lesions were benign, being either adenomas or benign nodules; however, two halos were also demonstrated surrounding proven carcinomas. The presence of the halo in both benign and malignant disease is illustrated, and the possibility of pericapsular inflammatory infiltrate as its underlying anatomic correlate is suggested.     

大肠黏液腺癌的多层螺旋CT表现与病理对照研究

目的：探讨多层螺旋CT对大肠黏液腺癌的诊断价值与病理基础。方法：回顾性分析经手术病理证实的38例大肠黏液腺癌的CT表现,并与病理对照。结果：单层肠壁增厚14例,肠壁增厚伴肠腔内肿块18例,伴肠腔外肿块6例。增厚肠壁低密度无强化5例,伴小斑片强化8例,肠内、外壁轻度强化、中间层为低密度无强化25例,肠内外肿块为囊性均匀低密度10例,囊性肿块内伴小结节状、斑片状、分隔状轻中度强化14例,增厚肠壁及囊性肿块与黏液腺癌分泌大量黏液聚集成黏液湖有关。向周围组织器官浸润,淋巴及远处脏器转移21例。砂粒状钙化12例,为大肠黏液腺癌的重要征象。结论：大肠黏液腺癌具有一定的影像特征,CT有助于它的诊断及其鉴别诊断,但位于特殊部位需要仔细分析,提高术前正确率。     

胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤的MSCT和MRCP诊断

目的 探讨胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤 （IPMN）的MSCT和MRCP影像学表现.方法 对26例经内镜或手术病理证实的IPMT患者的CT和MRCP表现进行回顾性分析.结果 分支胰管型IPMN12 例,表现为单发囊性病变或葡萄串样多发囊性病变伴腔内分隔或结节样突起;主胰管型 IPMN 5 例,表现为主胰管扩张伴管壁结节样突起;混合型IPMN 9例,表现为主胰管扩张和囊性病变合并存在.9例手术病理结果为腺瘤1例,交界性肿瘤2例,腺癌6例.结论 MSCT和MRCP对发现和诊断胰腺 IPMN具有较高价值.     

胰腺黏液腺癌肝转移伴多发性肝囊肿误诊多囊肝1例

患者男,78岁。因“右上腹胀痛、消瘦、乏力1月余”入院。主诉近来食欲不振,时有右上腹胀痛,无畏寒、发热。查体:BP15/9kPa,神清,皮肤黏膜无黄染,浅表淋巴结无肿大。右上腹膨隆,肝肋下5cm,剑下10cm,质硬,表面不规则,轻压痛,无移动性浊音。超声检查:肝脏体积巨大,布满无数个大小不一的囊性暗区,最大的约77mm×68mm,肝实质回声几乎消失,血管纹理显示不清,CDFI检查囊内未见血流信号,囊间隙偶见点状血流信号。胰腺头、体形态正常,胰尾显示不清。脾脏形态正常,脾门部见59mm×51mm的囊性暗区。未见腹水。超声诊断:多囊肝、脾门部囊肿。腹部CT示…     

CT、MRI对胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤的诊断价值

目的：分析胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤的CT、MRI表现,提高对该病的诊断水平。方法：回顾性分析18例经手术证实的胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤的CT及MRI资料,并与手术病理结果对比分析。结果：CT、MRI诊断为主胰管型IPMNs 3例,分支胰管型IPMNs 10例,混合型5例。主胰管型CT及MRI表现为主胰管弥漫性或节段性扩张,常伴有扁平状、乳头状突起,增强后突起处有不同程度强化;分支胰管型CT及MRI为病变呈葡萄串样或分叶状囊性变,内部常伴有分隔和壁结节,伴有主胰管轻中度扩张,MR胰胆管成像（MRCP）显示病灶与主胰管交通;混合型5例,主、分支胰管扩张,内可见囊性病变,其中3例内壁结节>10mm。病理分型与CT、MRI分型一致,根据CT及MRI提示恶变的标准,诊断恶变10例,手术病理证实恶变11例,两者基本一致。结论：CT及MRI对IPMNs的诊断、分型和恶变的判断具有重要的诊断价值。     

平扫CT影像组学鉴别肺炎型黏液腺癌与大叶性肺炎

目的 观察平扫CT影像组学鉴别肺炎型黏液腺癌(PTMA)与大叶性肺炎(LP)的价值。方法 回顾性分析57例PTMA(PTMA组)和129例LP患者(LP组),按7∶3比例将其纳入训练集(n=131)和测试集(n=55)。比较组间患者临床资料，筛选临床特征，构建临床模型；勾画病灶ROI,提取其影像组学特征，建立影像组学模型；基于临床特征及影像组学特征建立列线图模型。观察3种模型鉴别PTMA与LP的效能。结果 组间患者年龄和呼吸道症状占比差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。临床模型鉴别训练集和测试集PTMA与LP的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.784和0.909。最终纳入16个影像组学特征建立影像组学模型，其在训练集和测试集鉴别PTMA与LP的AUC分别为0.909和0.870;列线图模型的AUC分别为0.939和0.933。影像组学模型及列线图模型在训练集鉴别PTMA与LP的AUC均大于临床模型(P均<0.05)。结论 平扫CT影像组学有助于鉴别PTMA与LP。     

晕冕征在乳腺癌诊断中的价值

目的探讨乳腺癌肿块晕冕征的出现与其他相关征象的关系,以及其在乳腺癌X线诊断中的价值。方法收集2011年7月—2012年9月经病理证实、X线表现为肿块型乳腺浸润性导管癌94例,年龄36~82岁,平均年龄53.15岁。所有患者术前均常规照摄双侧乳腺X线内外斜位(MLO)及头尾位(CC)。在肿块周围晕冕征象显示最明显的位置测量其宽度。结果 X线表现为圆形或卵圆形肿块21例、分叶状肿块25例、不规则形肿块48例。边缘有毛刺者48例,肿块伴有钙化39例。乳腺癌肿块周围晕冕征的出现率达70.2%,宽度为4~12 mm,平均为8.3 mm。晕冕征较易出现在退化的脂肪型乳腺,且退化性乳腺中晕冕征多为完整,而非退化性乳腺中晕冕征多为部分,两者之间差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)。在不同大小、形态及伴随征象的肿块中均可出现,其中T1、T2、T3的阳性率分别为79.3%、64.7%和71.4%,差异无统计学意义(P=0.387);圆形或类圆形肿块为47.6%、分叶状肿块为68.0%、不规则形肿块为81.3%,差异有统计学意义(P=0.018)。边缘有毛刺的肿块,其阳性率达87.5%,明显高于边缘清晰无毛刺征象的52.2%,两者之间差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)。肿块伴钙化与不伴钙化的晕冕征阳性率分别为74.4%和67.3%,两者间差异无统计学意义(P=0.459)。结论晕冕征是肿块周围带状密度减低区域,宽窄不一,可作为辅助征象在肿块良恶性的鉴别中发挥一定作用。     

Intraductal papillary mucinous tumors of the pancreas

Intraductal papillary mucinous tumor (IPMT) is an uncommon pancreatic neoplasm with characteristic histology and distinctive clinicobiologic behavior. It is characterized by proliferation of ductal epithelium associated with ductal dilatation and variable mucin production. Due to indolent nature of these tumors, IPMTs are frequently missed or misdiagnosed. Prompt recognition and differentiation from other tumors are essential because IPMT has a better prognosis than other pancreatic malignancies. The purpose of this article is to display the radiologic spectrum of IPMT.