甲状腺全切除术治疗甲状腺良性疾病

目的　探讨甲状腺全切除术治疗甲状腺良性疾病的安全性和临床意义。方法　对 88例甲状腺良性疾病患者进行甲状腺全切除术 ,并对手术并发症进行分析。结果　首次甲状腺全切除术暂时性甲状旁腺功能低下和暂时性喉返神经损伤的发生率分别为 2 .5 %和 1.2 % ,再次手术的并发症明显增高 ,分别为 2 8.6 % (P<0 .0 5 )和2 8.6 % (P<0 .0 1)。术后患者均未发生永久性甲状旁腺功能低下和永久性喉返神经损伤。结论　首次甲状腺全切除术安全可行 ,能避免因组织残留所致的病变复发 ,降低再手术率     

甲状腺全切除术治疗良性甲状腺疾病128例临床疗效

目的：探讨甲状腺全切除术治疗甲状腺良性疾病的疗效及术后并发症的预防。方法：回顾性分析128例行甲状腺全切除术的甲状腺良性疾病病人的临床资料,其中首次手术者98例,再次手术者30例。分析总结该128例病人的术后并发症。结果：128例病人术后均未发生永久性甲状旁腺功能低下和永久性喉返神经损伤。首次甲状腺全切除组术后暂时性喉返神经损伤和暂时性甲状旁腺功能低下的发生率均为1．02％,再次手术组的发生率明显增高,分别为10．00％和13．33％,两组比较,Fisher精确概率P分别为0．040、0．011。两组暂时性喉上神经损伤发生率均很低,无明显差别。结论：对符合指征的良性甲状腺疾病,甲状腺全切除术是一合适的治疗选择。熟悉甲状腺解剖和精细手术操作,可有效预防并发症发生。     

甲状腺全切除术76例临床应用

目的:探讨多发性结节性甲状腺肿、Graves病、桥本甲状腺炎及分化型甲状腺癌的手术治疗方法.方法:回顾性分析甲状腺全切除手术76例患者的临床资料,从甲状腺切除范围、手术技巧、术中及术后并发症方面,探讨治疗甲状腺疾病的手术方式.结果:全组患者均接受双侧甲状腺全切术.首次手术患者64例,其中5例(7.8%)术后出现一过性或短期完全恢复的低钙血症,无喉返神经损伤病例;复发病例12例,其中4例(33.3%)患者发生一侧喉返神经受损并伴有暂时性甲状旁腺功能低下,其中一例患者发生永久性甲状旁腺功能低下.结论:双侧甲状腺全切术可作为多发性结节性甲状腺肿、Graves病、桥本氏甲状腺炎及分化型甲状腺癌常规手术方法.     

甲状腺良性病变再手术的原因和预防分析

目的 探讨甲状腺再次手术并发症的预防及避免再次手术的方法.方法 回顾性分析2000年4月至2010年4月因甲状腺良性病变行甲状腺次全切除术583例和再手术行甲状腺次全切除者85 例的临床资料.结果 再手术时暂时性喉返神经损伤发生率为8.2%,高于首次手术的2.9%(P<0.05);暂时性甲状旁腺功能低下发生率为7.0%,亦高于首次手术的1.7%(P<0.05).结论 甲状腺再手术可以安全进行,经细致操作,并发症发生率仍较高.如果首次手术选择甲状腺全切,可避免再次手术.     

甲状腺全切除术治疗良性甲状腺疾病临床价值的研究

目的:探讨甲状腺全切除术治疗甲状腺良性疾病的价值及临床意义。方法:回顾分析我院2005年3月～2007年3月收治的169例行甲状腺全切除术的甲状腺良性疾病患者临床病理资料,并对其术后并发症进行分析总结。结果:首次甲状腺全切除术后暂时性甲状旁腺功能低下和暂时性喉返神经损伤的发生率分别为0.76%和1.52%,再次手术的并发症明显增高,分别为40.54%和32.43%,P<0.01。术后患者均未发生永久性甲状旁腺功能低下和永久性喉返神经损伤。结论:甲状腺全切除术治疗良性甲状腺疾病能避免组织残留所致的病变复发和癌变,降低再手术率,且首次手术较再次手术的并发症率低,但需在术中精细操作。     

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目的 探讨甲状腺全切除术中技术要点及其术后并发症的防治方法。重点讨论甲状旁腺及喉返神经的保护。方法 对84例分化型甲门面腺癌病人进行甲状腺全切除术,对术后并发症进行观察。结果 暂时性甲状旁腺功能低下发生率为13.10%,暂时性单侧喉返神经损伤的发病率为10.98%。结论 甲状腺全切除术安全,可行,关键在于术中的操作。使术后并发症降至最低。     

甲状腺手术中显露喉返神经的安全性探讨

目的 探讨甲状腺手术中显露喉返神经对术后并发症的影响.方法 对397例甲状腺切除术患者分两组进行回顾性分析,其中显露喉返神经210例,不显露187例.比较两组术后喉返神经损伤和低钙血症发生情况.结果 显露组喉返神经损伤率低于不显露组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);甲状腺功能亢进的患者喉返神经损伤率高于甲状腺功能正常和甲状腺功能减退者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);显露组暂时性低钙血症的发生率高于不显露组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);显露组永久性并发症发生率低于不显露组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 甲状腺手术中全程显露喉返神经可减少其损伤,并可降低永久性并发症的发生率.     

囊内法行甲状腺切除122例的经验

甲状腺切除术囊内技术 (capsulartechnique)的出现 ,使喉返神经损伤和永久性甲状旁腺功能低下症的发生大大减少。我院自 1996年 7月至 2 0 0 3年 6月 ,应用囊内技术实施甲状腺单侧或双侧次全切除 12 2例 ,未发生永久性甲状旁腺、喉返神经和喉上神经损伤 ,现报告如下。临床资料1 一般资料 :本组 12 2例中 ,男 2 1例 ,女 10 1例 ;年龄2 3～ 6 9岁。临床诊断 :结节性甲状腺肿 4 5例 ,原发性甲状腺机能亢进症 (甲亢 ) 6 3例 ,继发性甲亢 14例。单侧甲状腺次全切除 85例 ,双侧甲状腺次全切除 37例。2 囊内法甲状腺切除的方法 :(1)甲状腺上极的处…     

甲状腺手术喉返神经损伤的预防

喉返神经损伤是甲状腺手术常见的严重并发症。我院从1990～ 2 0 0 1年共施行甲状腺手术 110例 ,发生一侧喉返神经损伤 3例 (2 .7% ) ,其中永久性麻痹 1例 (0 .9% )。现就甲状腺手术致喉返神经损伤的原因及预防分析如下。临床资料本组男 3 0例 ,女 80例 ,年龄 2 1～ 68岁 ,平均 44岁。甲状腺单侧全切除术或部分切除术 87例 ,术中显露喉返神经 65例。双侧甲状腺次全切除术 2 3例 ,术中均显露喉返神经。全组病例均为初次手术。 3例喉返神经损伤均为单侧甲状腺全切除术 ,1例永久性喉返神经损伤 ,术中显露喉返神经。 2例暂时性喉返神经损伤 ,术中…     

结节性甲状腺肿甲状腺全切除术46例临床分析

目的分析结节性甲状腺肿甲状腺全切除术的临床价值。方法收集2017-01—2019-01间在浚县人民医院接受甲状腺全切除术的46例结节性甲状腺肿患者。对其临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果术后出现暂时性甲状旁腺功能低下1例,暂时性喉返神经损伤2例。经对症处理后分别于术后第3天、7天、10天恢复正常。随访3个月,未发生永久性甲状旁腺功能低下和喉返神经损伤。其间复查彩超未见甲状腺组织残留。口服优甲乐100μg/d,甲功3项均在正常范围。结论在把握好手术适应证、熟练掌握喉返神经及甲状旁腺的位置比邻、精准进行手术操作的前提下,对结节性甲状腺肿患者实施甲状腺全切除术,具有重要临床价值。     

The Change in Surgical Practice from Subtotal to Near-Total or Total Thyroidectomy in the Treatment of Patients with Benign Multinodular Goiter

Background  Although total thyroidectomy is the procedure of choice in patients with thyroid carcinoma, this surgical approach has emerged as a surgical option to treat patients with benign multinodular goiter (BMNG), especially in endemically iodine-deficient regions. The aim of this study was to review our experience with patients with BMNG in an endemically iodine-deficient region treated by either subtotal or total/near-total thyroidectomy, and to document whether total or near-total thyroidectomy decreased the rate of completion thyroidectomy for incidentally diagnosed thyroid carcinoma in comparison to the patients with BMNG treated initially by subtotal thyroidectomy. Methods  Two thousand five hundred ninety-two patients with BMNG were included. There were 1695 bilateral subtotal thyroidectomies (group 1) and 1211 total or near-total thyroidectomies (group 2) for BMNG during this period. All patients were euthyroid and had no history of hyperthyroidism, radiation exposure, or familial thyroid carcinoma. Any patient with preoperative or perioperative suspicion of malignancy or hyperthyroidism was excluded. Results  Bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy was performed in 1695 patients (58.3%) in group 1 and total or near-total thyroidectomy in 1211 patients (41.7%), in group 2, respectively. The incidence of incidental thyroid carcinoma was found to be 7.2% (n = 210/2906). Although the rate of permanent hypoparathyroidim and transient or permanent unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) palsy were not significantly different between the two groups, transient hypoparathyroidism was significantly higher in group 2 than in group 1 (8.4% vs. 1.42%; p < 0.001, odds ratio [OR] = 52.98). The incidence of thyroid carcinoma was significantly higher in group 2 (10.7%, n = 129/1211) than in group 1 (4.68%, n = 81/1695) (p < 0.001; OR = 39.1).Thirty-eight patients in group 1 (2.24%) underwent completion thyroidectomy, whereas completion thyroidectomy has been not indicated in group 2 (p = 0.007). Two of 38 patients (5.26%) had thyroid papillary microcarcinoma on their remnant thyroid tissue. The rate of recurrent goiter was 7.1% in group 1. The average time to recurrence in group 1 was 14.9 ± 8.7 years. Six of 121 patients with recurrent disease (4.95%) has been operated on. Conclusions  Subtotal thyroidectomy resulted in a significantly higher rate of completion thyroidectomy for incidentally diagnosed thyroid carcinoma compared with total or near-total thyroidectomy in patients with BMNG. The extent of surgical resection had no significant effect on the rate of permanent complications. We recommend total or near-total thyroidectomy in BMNG to prevent recurrence and to eliminate the necessity for early completion thyroidectomy in case of a final diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma.     

The advantage of total thyroidectomy to avoid reoperation for incidental thyroid cancer in multinodular goiter

HYPOTHESIS: To investigate the impact of total thyroidectomy on the rate of completion thyroidectomy for incidentally found thyroid cancer in euthyroid multinodular goiter. DESIGN: A randomized, prospective clinical trial. SETTING: A tertiary referral center. PATIENTS: Patients with euthyroid multinodular goiter without any preoperative suspicion of malignancy, history of familial thyroid cancer, or previous exposure to radiation were randomized (according to a random table) to total or near-total thyroidectomy leaving no remnant tissue or less than 1 g (group 1; n = 109) or bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy leaving 5 g or more of remnant tissue (group 2; n = 109). Patients with preoperative or perioperative suspicion of malignancy were excluded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We compared the complication rates and the incidence of thyroid cancer requiring radioactive iodine ablation and completion thyroidectomy between groups. RESULTS: There were no permanent complications. The rates of temporary unilateral vocal cord dysfunction and hypoparathyroidism showed no significant difference between groups 1 and 2 (0.9% vs 0.9% and 1.8% vs 0.9%, respectively; P>.05). Papillary cancer was found in 10 group 1 patients (9.2%) and 8 group 2 patients (7.3%) (P =.80). Of the 9 patients requiring radioactive iodine ablation, reoperation was avoided in 5 group 1 patients; the remaining 4 group 2 patients underwent completion thyroidectomy (P =.007). CONCLUSION: We recommend total or near-total thyroidectomy in multinodular goiter to eliminate the necessity for early completion thyroidectomy in case of a final diagnosis of thyroid cancer.     

Near-total thyroidectomy could be the best treatment for thyroid disease in endemic regions

HYPOTHESIS: Near-total thyroidectomy, on the basis of its low morbidity rate, is an appropriate treatment option in the surgical management of various thyroid diseases in an endemic region in Turkey. DESIGN: Single-institution study of patients with various thyroid diseases treated by means of near-total thyroidectomy within 2 years in an endemic region, with comparison of the results vs the complication rates of bilateral subtotal and total thyroidectomy reported in the literature. SETTING: Tertiary academic referral center. PATIENTS: One hundred fifty-two patients who underwent near-total thyroidectomy for various thyroid diseases. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Surgical treatments of various benign thyroid diseases were compared according to the complication rates and the achievable benefits of the procedures. RESULTS: In our clinic, near-total thyroidectomy was the principal surgical procedure performed for benign thyroid disease. The temporary recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy rate with respect to the nerves at risk was 3.3% (10 of 304 nerves), whereas temporary hypoparathyroidism was 7.2% (11 of 152 patients). Neither permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy nor permanent hypoparathyroidism occurred. In 1 patient, wound hematoma developed and required re-exploration. Seroma in another patient needed no medical or surgical intervention. Neither wound infection nor mortality were noted. CONCLUSIONS: Near-total thyroidectomy achieves a lower complication rate of hypoparathyroidism and a similar complication rate of recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy and recurrence when compared with the rates reported in the literature for total thyroidectomy. It is an effective and safe surgical treatment option for various benign thyroid diseases.     

Recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis in patients with papillary thyroid carcinomas: evaluation and management of resulting vocal dysfunction

BACKGROUND: Recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis (RLNP) occurs in patients with thyroid malignancy. This study prospectively evaluated vocal function and management outcomes of patients with papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) and RLNP. METHODS: Of 319 PTC patients, 256 underwent total thyroidectomy with or without neck dissection, 42 underwent lobectomy, and 21 underwent reoperation for recurrent cancers. All patients underwent laryngoscopy and vocal function measurements before and after surgery. Patients with RLNP and poor vocal function underwent voice surgery. RESULTS: Temporary and permanent RLNP rates were 2.8% and .9% at nerve-at-risk-based analysis, respectively. Of 28 patients with tumor invasion of RLN, 14 had preoperative RLNP, with 9 of 14 showing voice changes. RLNP was detected in 9 of 291 (3.1%) patients without documented nerve injury; 8 recovered. Nine of 15 patients with RLN section had poor vocal function, which improved in 8 patients after medialization of the unilateral vocal fold. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with PTC may have vocal dysfunction from cancer or surgery-related RLNP. Vocal evaluation and management may help improve their vocal function, thus enhancing their quality of life.     

达芬奇机器人治疗肿瘤直径大于2 cm甲状腺癌的临床研究

目的与开放手术相比较,评估经腋乳径路达芬奇机器人甲状腺手术治疗肿瘤直径大于2 cm甲状腺癌的手术安全性和肿瘤彻底性。 方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2018年1月在济南军区总医院通过开放手术或机器人手术治疗肿瘤直径2～4 cm的甲状腺乳头状癌患者的临床资料。 结果本研究包括行机器人甲状腺切除手术患者30例,行开放手术患者45例。机器人手术组与开放手术组的肿瘤直径均在2～4 cm,两组患者均行甲状腺全切及颈部淋巴结清扫术,机器人手术组均顺利完成,无中转开放手术。机器人手术组平均年龄为(36.18 ± 3.5)岁,开放组平均年龄为(45.90 ± 2.2)岁。机器人组平均手术时间为(146.2 ± 30.5) min,显著长于开放组手术时间(95.9 ± 26.2) min (P< 0.001)。两组均未发生永久性喉返神经损伤和甲状旁腺功能减退,两组在术后短暂性喉返神经损伤发生率和甲状旁腺功能减退发生率、术后引流量、住院时间、清扫淋巴结数目比较,差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。术后美容效果数字评分系统得分,机器人手术组(9.4 ± 0.4)分,显著优于开放组的(5.2 ± 1.2)分(P< 0.05)。 结论与开放手术相比,对肿瘤直径2～4 cm的甲状腺乳头状癌患者行机器人甲状腺手术可以保证手术安全性和肿瘤切除的彻底性,并且具有更好的美容效果,适合于在意颈部瘢痕的患者。     

Reoperative surgery for thyroid disease

Background and aims Reoperative surgery for thyroid disease is rare. However, it is sometimes indicated for nodular recurrence after partial surgery for initially benign thyroid disease or for a completion total thyroidectomy when a final diagnosis of well-differentiated thyroid cancer (WDTC) is confirmed on a permanent section of a partially removed thyroid gland. This surgery can expose the patient to postoperative complications such as recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) palsy or hypoparathyroidism. The aims of our study were to describe the population subjected to reoperative thyroid surgery and to evaluate postoperative morbidity to find the risk factor. Patients and methods The present study is a retrospective analysis of our experience with completion thyroidectomy: 685 consecutive patients underwent this procedure in a 14-year period, for a recurrent uninodular (85 patients) or multinodular (333 patients) goiter, recurrent thyrotoxicosis (42 patients), or a completion thyroidectomy for WDTC after partial resection of the thyroid gland (225 patients). The operative technique was standardized with identification of the RLN and parathyroid glands before removal of the thyroid gland. l-Thyroxin treatment was started the day after surgery. Postoperative rates of suffocating hematoma, wound infection, RLN palsy, hypoparathyroidism, and persistence or recurrence of hyperthyroidism were studied and compared to the same parameters in patients who underwent primary bilateral thyroid gland resection during the same period. Results The transient morbidity rate was 8%, with 5% hypoparathyroidism, 1.2% RLN palsy, 0.9% suffocating hematoma, and 0.2% wound infection. These results were higher than those from cases of primary thyroid resection for bilateral disease. Within the secondary surgery group, postoperative complications depended on the mean weight of the resected thyroid gland, hyperthyroidism, and the bilaterality of thyroid exploration during the previous surgery. The permanent morbidity rate was 3.8%, including 1.5% RLN palsy and 2.5% hypoparathyroidism. Permanent complication rates were higher than those for primary thyroid resection. Incidental carcinoma was found in 92 patients (13%): 10% (42 of 418) in patients with recurrent euthyroid nodular disease, 7% (3 of 42) in patients with recurrent hyperthyroidism, and 21% (47 of 225) in patients who underwent a completion thyroidectomy for cancer. Conclusion Because reoperative thyroid surgery can lead to potential complications, especially permanent RLN palsy or hypoparathyroidism, it should be reserved for patients who need it. The importance of respecting specific technical rules should be emphasized.     

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目的 探讨甲状腺癌手术后低钙血症的发生发展规律及治疗方法。方法 对65例因甲状腺癌而做甲状腺全切除或近全切除的病人进行术后随访，动态监测血清钙，磷，镁的变化。结果 65例病人均出现不同程度的低钙血症，其中无症状低钙血症发生率为81．5％，术后不需静脉补钙治疗。有症状低钙血症的发生率为18．5％，需静脉补钙治疗，1例病人发生永久性甲状旁腺功能低下。有症状低钙血症组血清钙浓度在术后第1，2，3，5天较无症状低钙血症组血清钙浓度明显降低（P＜0．05）。有症状低钙血症组血清磷浓度在术后第2，3天较无症状低钙血症组血清磷浓度明显增高（P＜0．05）。结论 （1）有症状低钙血症发生在手术后3天之内，甲状腺癌手术后3天应常规监测血钙，血磷和血镁，血钙低于1.81mmol/L，高度警惕低钙症状出现。（2）有症状低钙血症病人经及时补充钙剂后，症状迅速改善，并往往在术后7天内消失。（3）血钙的高低与甲状旁腺的保留量，甲状旁腺素的浓度似乎无必然联系。     

Total thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid cancer: primary compared with completion thyroidectomy.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse morbidity after completion total thyroidectomy compared with primary total thyroidectomy in a specialist thyroid surgery centre. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Tertiary referral hospital, India. PATIENTS: Medical records of 143 patients who had total thyroidectomy between January 1990 and December 1999. 95 had primary thyroidectomies and 48 were completion thyroidectomies. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Complication rate in both groups. RESULTS: The groups were comparable in respect of clinicopathological variables. Residual tumour was found in 19/48 (40%). After completion thyroidectomy, transient hypoparathyroidism and transient recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy were recorded in 8/48 (17%) and 2/48 (4%), respectively. No permanent hypoparathyroidism or permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy was recorded in the completion thyroidectomy group. CONCLUSIONS: Completion thyroidectomy can be done with acceptable morbidity in a specialist thyroid surgery centre. Fear of increased morbidity after the procedure should not deter surgeon from doing this operation or referring the patients to a specialist centre.     

A comparison of total thyroidectomy and lobectomy in the treatment of dominant thyroid nodules

Patients with a clinically concerning dominant thyroid nodule have been managed by lobectomy or total thyroidectomy at our institution. We determined the complications associated with both approaches and the ability of thyroid lobectomy to avoid the need for thyroid hormone replacement therapy. Records of all patients with a dominant thyroid nodule managed with surgery from August 1993 through December 2000 were reviewed for demographics, history of head and neck radiation, indication for surgery, preoperative fine-needle aspirate results, final pathologic evaluation, perioperative complications, determinations of need for subsequent thyroid surgery after lobectomy, and need for thyroid hormone replacement therapy after surgery. Patients with a preoperative diagnosis of malignancy or bilateral or diffuse disease were excluded because these conditions would uniformly be managed by bilateral thyroidectomy. The complications for the lobectomy group (n = 131) compared with the total thyroidectomy group (n = 84) were: recurrent laryngeal nerve paresis (4.6% vs 2.4%), recurrent laryngeal nerve injury (0.8% vs 0), and transient hypoparathyroidism (1.5% vs 9.5%; P = 0.007). No permanent hypoparathyroidism was identified in either group. Postoperative thyroid hormone replacement was required in 64 of 131 lobectomy patients (48.8%). Complications associated with either surgery were low. Total thyroidectomy was not associated with clinically significant additive morbidity. Patients treated by lobectomy should be aware of a nearly 50 per cent chance of requiring thyroid hormone replacement. Total thyroidectomy avoids future thyroid surgery; lobectomy patients remain at risk. When complications can be minimized total thyroidectomy should be considered an option in the management for patients with dominant thyroid nodules that require surgery.