先天性胆总管囊肿手术治疗经验

我院自1974～1995年共收治先天性胆总管囊肿123例，其中106例行囊肿切除。胆道重建术。现报道如下。     

先天性胆总管囊肿的手术体会

目的：探讨胆总管囊肿手术切除和重建胆道的手术方法。方法：总结近5年来应用本术式的临床经验，回顾观察术后疗效、生活质量。结果：随访发现，均无胆道感染症状发作，小儿营养发育良好，X线钡餐透视动态观察，空肠—空肠半周同步吻合加桥袢空肠人工套叠双重抗返流效果良好。结论：小儿与成人均可接受本术式治疗，其即可达到切除胆总管囊肿的目的，又基本上防止了重建胆道术后胆肠吻合口狭窄、逆行感染等并发症的发生。     

先天性胆总管囊肿手术切除经验

先天性胆总管囊肿（congenital choledochal cyst，CCC）多见于婴幼儿和儿童，在成年后发病者少见。CCC虽然有多种类型，但在临床上以胆总管梭形扩张者多见。先天性胆总管囊肿的外科治疗方法有内引流术与切除术，早在1922年McWhorter首先报告了囊肿切除与胆道重建术。由于手术操作复杂困难，手术病死率高达15％-30％，直到20世纪60年代外科治疗基本上采取内引流术。内引流术后有发生吻合口狭窄、胆道感染、胆石形成，甚至癌变的危险。随着外科手术技术的进步，于20世纪70年代后有许多学者，如：Flanigan（1975年）、Yamaguchi（1980年）及Powell（1981年）相继报告囊肿切除胆肠吻合的经验。目前对于先天性胆总管囊肿首选的外科治疗方法是切除术。     

先天性胆总管囊肿手术治疗体会

目的 总结先天性胆总管囊肿手术治疗的经验体会.方法 回顾分析我院自1998年1月至2006年7月收治先天性胆总管囊肿76例的临床资料.结果 65例接受根治性手术治疗,术后胰漏2例,均经保守治疗痊愈,无胆管损伤,随访期内未见吻合口狭窄.结论 先天性胆总管囊肿的治疗要充分注意病史和临床表现的多样性特点,选择合适的手术时机及手术方式,手术中根据具体病人的解剖病理情况,结合影像学及病史特点,合理处理关键细节,是手术取得完美效果的关键.     

成人胆总管囊肿的外科治疗

我院自１９８６年－１９９６年采用胆总管囊肿切除肝管空肠Ｒｏｕｘ－Ｙ吻合及间置空肠乳头成形术治疗成人胆总管囊肿２６例，全部病例随访１－１１年效果满意。本文结合相关文献，讨论了成人胆总囊肿的特点，囊肿切除的理论依据，并详细阐述了囊肿切除的具体措施方法。     

先天性胆总管囊肿的手术治疗经验

自１９７４年至１９９５年共手术治疗先天性胆总管囊肿１２３例，其中１０６例地囊肿切除、胆道重建术，讨论了囊肿发除的理论根据、手术步骤及要点、安放左右肝管支架管引流等问题，强调切除胆总管囊肿是治疗先天性胆总管囊肿最佳选择，肝、总管空肠Ｒｏｕｘ－ｅｎ－Ｙ型手术是胆道重建术的一种理想术式。     

手术治疗先天性胆总管囊肿39例报告

本文就二所医院12年间手术治疗先天性胆总管囊肿39例进行分析。全组术前确诊率97.44%．(38/39)；手术死亡率5．13%(2/39)。胆总管囊肿切除后胆肠内引流（包括Roux－Y吻合，间置空肠）是手术治疗先天性胆总管囊肿的首选术式。单纯囊肿空肠Roux－Y吻合术者术后四管炎发生率高达50%(4/8)．故强调应按报切除部分囊壁、吻合口要足够大且位置尽可能低的重要性。胆管炎、胰瘘和应激性溃疡是手术后的主要并发症，并就并发症的防治提出了建议。作者认为，对合并肝硬化者应谨慎选择手术时机和手术术式。     

先天性胆总管囊肿的外科治疗

目的 比较先天性胆总管囊肿不同术式的治疗效果。方法 对1985年1月-1998年12月57例先天性胆总管囊肿的术式及疗效进行分析。结果 以I型为主(44例)占77．2％。B超确诊率为84．2％。57例中,囊肿切除、肝总管空肠Roux—Y吻合37例,囊肿大部切除,胆管与空肠Roux—Y吻合12例。其中有14例行囊肿引流术后再次行囊肿切除术。囊肿切除术明显降低胆管炎的复发,术后随访治疗效果优良占89．1％。结论 囊肿切除、胆管与空肠Roux-y吻合术应作为胆总管囊肿的首选术式,囊肿切除困难时应尽量大部分切除,并行大口胆管肠吻合。     

先天性胆总管囊肿的手术治疗体会

目的:探讨先天性胆总管囊肿应用胆总管空肠KOUS-Y型手术的应用价值和手术方法。方法:回顾性分析我院1991年～1997年收治的11例手术病例。结果:全组无手术死亡,随访5～10年,生活质量好,无并发症发生。结论:胆总管空肠KOUX-Y型手术是治疗先天性胆总管囊肿的理想术式。     

先天性胆总管囊肿23例诊治体会

目的探讨先天性胆总管囊肿的诊断和治疗方法。方法对23例先天性胆总管囊肿患者行胆总管囊肿切除,肝总管空肠Roux-en-Y端侧吻合术,回顾性分析患者的临床资料。结果 2例出现胆漏,经引流8～12 d后好转,1例反复胆道感染,经抗菌素治疗症状得到控制,余患者恢复良好。结论胆总管囊肿切除,肝总管空肠Roux-en-Y端侧吻合术是治疗先天性胆总管囊肿的较好术式。     

Totally laparoscopic management of choledochal cysts using a four-hole method

Background Choledochal cyst is a rare benign disease of the biliary tract. However, once diagnosed, it must be excised with the gallbladder because of the risk for cancer developing in the biliary tree, including the gallbladder. This report introduces a new surgical technique for totally laparoscopic excision of choledochal cyst and hepaticojejunostomy using a four-hole method. Methods Between October 2003 and May 2005, the authors performed totally laparoscopic choledochal cyst excision for 12 patients. All the patients except one were women, and the mean age was 37.3 years (range, 17–62 years). According to the Todani classification, there were five type Ia cases, four type Ic cases, and three type IV cases. Choledochal cyst excision and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy were performed laparoscopically using the four-port technique. Results The mean operation time was 228 min (range, 150–330 min). No operative or postoperative transfusion was required. An oral diet was started on postoperative day 3. The average length of hospital stay was 5.8 days. There was no major complication associated with anastomosis leakage or obstruction. No patient had an adverse response, as determined by clinical or laboratory evaluation during a 2- to 19-month follow-up period. Conclusions Considering that choledochal cyst is common among young women, who are especially interested in cosmetic results in addition to complete resolution of medical problems, the laparoscopic management of choledochal cyst may be an attractive treatment option. Presented at the 2005 meeting of the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES), 13–16 April 2005, Fort Lauderdale, Florida     

成人先天性胆管囊肿的诊断与治疗(附97例报告)

作者总结了近３０年来成人先天性胆管囊肿９７例的治疗经验。患者平均就诊年龄为３７岁。多数患者症状不典型，常致诊断延误。７４例（７６％）合并肝胆胰系统疾病，１６例合并癌变，癌变率１７％。发现胰胆管合流异常２８例。９４例患者共行胆道手术１６９例次，囊肿切除、肝管空肠Ｒｏｕｘ－Ｙ吻合术及囊肿内引流术为主要术式。术后长期随访表明内引流术后常因胆管炎复发和囊肿癌变而需再次手术，相反囊肿切除术明显降低了胆管炎的复发率及癌变的发生。作者认为囊肿切除、肝管空肠Ｒｏｕｘ－Ｙ吻合术应作为成人胆管囊肿的首选术式。     

Using laparoscopic double hemicircumferential running single-layer suture in hepaticojejunostomy for choledochal cysts in children

Background

To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of implementing a double-hemicircumferential running suture in laparoscopic hepaticojejunostomy for choledochal cysts (CDC) in children.

345例成人先天性胆总管囊肿诊治经验

目的 总结成人先天性胆总管囊肿的诊治经验.方法 回顾性分析1974-2007年收治的345例成人先天性胆总管囊肿患者的临床资料.结果 345例中具有典型临床表现(腹痛、黄疸、腹部肿块三联征)者仅110例.345例检查辅以BUS、CT、ERCP、PTC、MRCP获得确诊,其中BUS检查321例,有311例确诊,确诊率为96.9%.19例囊肿内引流术后发生癌变,癌变率为31%,明显高于未手术者(未住院且拒绝手术的72例中有3例癌变,癌变率为4.2%).345例均行手术治疗,其中284例次行囊肿切除、肝管空肠Roux-en-Y形吻合胆道重建术.337例手术后早期恢复,近期(术后2～3周)死亡8例(2.3%).结论 成人先天性胆总管囊肿仅靠临床表现不易确诊,还应辅以BUS、CT、ERCP、PTC及MRCP等检查,其中BUS是较好的早期诊断方法.手术以采用囊肿切除、肝管空肠Roux-en-Y形吻合胆道重建术为优.     

倒刺缝线在腹腔镜胆总管囊肿切除术中的应用

目的初步探讨单向倒刺缝线在完全腹腔镜下成人胆总管囊肿切除术中应用的安全性及有效性。方法回顾性分析2012年8月-2014年10月期间行完全腹腔镜下成人胆总管囊肿切除术的10例病例资料。结果全组病例均成功完成手术,无中转开腹。手术时间（194.5±20）min,160～225 min,胆管空肠吻合时间为（19.1±4.0）min,13～25 min,空肠空肠吻合时间为（17.5±2.0）min,12～21 min。术中出血（64.0±43.2）ml,10～150 ml,下床活动时间（1.6±0.7）d,排气时间（2.5±0.7）d,术后住院时间（7.0±1.7）d,5～10 d10围手术期无并发症发生。10例均获得随访。随访时间2～26个月,平均随访12.7月。1例患者术后出现反流性胆管炎,经抗感染等治疗后痊愈。结论单向倒刺缝线用于完全腹腔镜下胆肠吻合是安全、有效的。可吸收倒刺缝线的应用能够降低腹腔镜下缝合难度、缩短缝合时间及手术时间、缩短学习曲线,有利于本术式的广泛开展。     

完全腹腔镜手术治疗成人先天性胆总管囊肿的临床分析

目的:探讨完全腹腔镜胆总管囊肿切除并肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术治疗成人先天性胆总管囊肿的可行性、安全性及疗效。方法:回顾性分析昆明医科大学第一附属医院2014年5月—2016年5月12例行腹腔镜下胆总管囊肿手术治疗患者的临床资料。结果:11例患者完全腹腔镜下完成胆总管囊肿切除+肝管空肠吻合术,1例为减少手术费用在腹腔外行手工肠肠吻合。手术时间240~310 min,平均280 min;术中出血20~150 m L,平均60 m L;术后住院时间5~7 d,平均6.5 d。术后随访2~12个月,未出现手术并发症,无死亡病例。结论:完全腹腔镜下胆总管囊肿切除+肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术治疗成人先天性胆总管囊肿是安全可行的,且具有明显微创优势,可进一步推广。     

Laparoscopic repair for choledochal cyst: lessons learned from 190 cases

Objective

The aim of this study is to report the technical details, early outcomes, and lessons learned from laparoscopic repair of 190 cases of choledochal cyst.

Method

The operation was performed using 4 ports. The cystic duct was identified and divided. The liver was elevated by 2 stay-sutures: one on the round ligament and the other on the distal cystic duct. The choledochal cyst was isolated and removed completely, and then biliary-digestive continuity was reestablished.

Results

From January 2007 to April 2009, 190 patients were operated on. There were 144 girls and 46 boys. Ages ranged from 2 months to 16 years (mean, 46.9 ± 29.3 months). Cyst diameter ranged from 10 to 184 mm. A total of 106 patients were classified as Todani type I cysts, and 84 were type IV. Cystic excision and hepaticoduodenostomy were performed in 133 patients and hepaticojejunostomy in 57 patients. The operating time varied from 70 to 505 minutes (mean, 186 minutes). Conversion to open surgery was required in 2 patients. Intraoperative blood transfusion was required in 4 patients. There were no perioperative deaths. Postoperative anastomotic leakage occurred in 7 patients, resolving spontaneously in 6 and requiring a second operation in 1. Postoperative hospital stay ranged from 5 to 27 days (mean, 7.2 ± 3.3 days). Follow-up occurred between 1 and 24 months postdischarge (mean, 9 ± 2.2 months) and was obtained in 161 patients (84.7%). Of these patients, cholangitis occurred in 4 patients (2.4%).

Conclusion

Laparoscopic repair is a safe and effective procedure for choledochal cyst.     

Hepaticoduodenostomy versus hepaticojejunostomy after resection of choledochal cyst: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background

Excision has been established as a standard management practice for choledochal cysts in the last few decades. The two most commonly performed methods of reconstruction after excision are hepaticoduodenostomy (HD) and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy (HJ), of which the HJ is favored by most surgeons. Evidence concerning the optimal method of reconstruction is, however, sparse.

Materials and Methods

Studies comparing outcomes from HD and HJ after choledochal cyst excision were identified by searching Medline, Ovid, Search Medica, Elsevier Clinicalkey, Google Scholar and Cochrane library. Suitable studies were chosen and data extracted for meta-analysis. Outcomes evaluated included operative time, hospital stay and incidence of postoperative bile leak, cholangitis, reflux/gastritis, anastomotic stricture, bleeding, intestinal obstruction and re-operative rate. Pooled odds ratios (OR) were calculated for dichotomous variables; pooled mean differences (MD) were measured for continuous variables.

Results

Six retrospective studies were included in this meta-analysis, comprising a total of 679 patients, 412 of whom (60.7%) underwent HD, and the remainder, 267(39.3%) underwent HJ. Although, HD group had slightly shorter hospital stay (MD: 0.30; 95% CI: −0.22–0.39; P < 0.00001) it showed a higher incidence of postoperative reflux/gastritis (OR: 0.08; 95% CI: − 0.02–0.39; P = 0.002). However, the other outcomes such as bile leak, cholangitis, anastomotic stricture, bleeding, operative time, reoperation rate and adhesive intestinal obstruction did not differ between HD and HJ groups.

Conclusions

HD shows higher postoperative reflux/gastritis than HJ but a shorter hospital stay. There are few good-quality studies that compare the outcomes from HD and HJ, meaning that caution should be exercised in the generalization of the results of this meta-analysis, which suggests HD to be comparable with HJ in terms of other complications, operative benefits and outcomes.     

An impressive choledochal cyst and its surgical resection

IntroductionCholedochal cysts are rare congenital dilations of the biliary tree that can present with non-specific symptoms such as abdominal pain, jaundice, cholelithiasis and pancreatitis. Although most commonly identified in children, they can be found in the adult population. However, because of the non-specific symptoms, this diagnosis may be difficult to make in the adult. A physician therefore must keep this diagnosis within their differential, as it may arise in an unexpected patient population who may present with a convoluted work up.Case presentationIn this report, we present the case of a 50-year-old African American woman with recurrent cholelithiasis, cholangitis and eventually obstructive jaundice despite undergoing a laparoscopic cholecystectomy six years prior. Her only work up at that point was a right upper quadrant ultrasound revealing gallbladder sludge, which led to her cholecystectomy. It was the persistence of her symptoms—abdominal pain, cholangitis and obstructive jaundice—previously attributed to chronic cholecystitis and choledocholithiasis that warranted further work up. After multiple physician visits, she was referred to our academic center after an ERCP was performed and she was found to have a dilation of her common bile duct consistent with a choledochal cyst. Furthermore, the ERCP identified multiple bile duct stones within the cyst. This was not identified on her original ultrasound or prior ERCPs. The patient underwent a complete cyst excision with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy and did well post-operatively.DiscussionThis report illustrates how choledochal cysts can be an elusive diagnosis, but may present with repeated infections, recurrent biliary stones, and biliary obstruction despite a cholecystectomy. Had she an MRCP prior to her cholecystectomy, she would likely have avoided multiple surgeries, and years of persistent symptoms. Choledochal cysts are associated with an increased risk of biliary malignancy and therefore cyst excision is the standard of care.ConclusionAlthough rare, physicians need to keep this diagnosis in mind, and be aware of the clinical and imaging findings consistent with a choledochal cyst in order to facilitate appropriate work up, referral and treatment.