干细胞标志物CD133在神经母细胞瘤中的表达

背景：神经母细胞瘤是婴幼儿和儿童最常见的实体肿瘤之一,靶向肿瘤干细胞的治疗能够有望从根本上治愈肿瘤,但是肿瘤干细胞数量较少,并具有抗凋亡、抗放化疗能力等,导致其对于放疗、化疗并不敏感。 目的：探究干细胞标志物CD133在神经母细胞瘤中的表达及其临床意义。 方法：收集2004年6月至2014年2月新疆医科大学第一附属医院小儿外二科诊治的58例神经母细胞瘤患儿临床资料,其中神经母细胞瘤患儿46例,节细胞母细胞瘤患儿12例,通过免疫组织化学分析法分析所有患儿肿瘤组织中的CD133表达水平,并研究神经母细胞瘤的病理分型、INSS分期、术后存活时长与CD133表达水平之间存在的联系。 结果与结论：共有22例(48%)神经母细胞瘤患儿CD133表达为阳性,有4例(33%)节细胞母细胞瘤患儿CD133表达阳性,肿瘤细胞胞浆为CD133主要表达部位。肿瘤组织各临床分期的CD133阳性率差异明显,其中1,2期为21%,3,4期为64%,4S期为36.4%,差异有显著性意义(P=0.011);组织分型为预后良好型患儿CD133阳性率为29%,明显低于预后不良组织型患儿(57%),差异有显著性意义(P=0.031)。CD133阴性患儿生存周期显著长于CD133阳性患儿(P < 0.05)。结果表明干细胞标志物CD133的表达与神经母细胞瘤发生、发展、转归有密切联系,在评估患儿术后存活时长、改进该病的诊断和治疗等方面具有重要意义。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程      

非小细胞肺癌肿瘤组织干细胞标志物CD133的表达

背景：非小细胞肺癌肿瘤组织中干细胞标志物CD133表达会呈现出一定的变化,并与疾病的发生和发展存在一定的联系。目的：探讨非小细胞肺癌肿瘤组织干细胞标志物CD133的表达情况,分析其与临床病理因素以及预后之间的关系。方法：收集135例非小细胞肺癌组织标本和60例正常肺组织标本。采用免疫组织化学染色法检测两组标本CD133的表达,并分析非小细胞肺癌肿瘤组织中CD133蛋白的表达与临床病理因素之间的关系。结果与结论：①非小细胞肺癌组CD133蛋白阳性表达率显著高于正常对照组(P < 0.05)。②CD133蛋白阳性表达与非小细胞肺癌患者年龄、性别以及肿瘤大小、肿瘤位置、组织学类型无关(P > 0.05);随着非小细胞肺癌肿瘤组织分化越差,CD133蛋白阳性表达呈现出不断上升趋势(P < 0.05);CD133蛋白阳性表达率在不同临床分期以及淋巴结有无转移之间差异也有显著性意义(P < 0.05)。③CD133以及TNM分期是非小细胞肺癌患者预后独立影响因素(P < 0.05),CD133蛋白表达阳性组中位生存时间显著短于阴性组(P < 0.05)。以上结果表明CD133参与非小细胞肺癌的发生和发展以及浸润和转移,对疾病的进展以及预后判断有重要的临床意义。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程     

CD133+胶质瘤干细胞在胶质瘤中的分布

恶性胶质瘤是人类最致命的肿瘤之一,因其血管丰富和弥漫浸润性生长,使得手术不能全部切除并极易复发,患者预后差.因胶质瘤干细胞(GSCs)是胶质瘤发生、发展的源头,因而越来越多的受到关注.干细胞标志物CD133广泛表达于人体多种肿瘤中,同时,它也足研究得最多且应用最广泛的胶质瘤干细胞表面标志物.了解CD133+胶质瘤干细胞在胶质瘤中的分布可为临床靶向治疗恶性胶质瘤提供依据.     

CD133+卵巢癌干细胞样细胞在血管内皮细胞中的分化

背景：大量研究证实,新生血管形成在肿瘤的生长、浸润以及转移过程中发挥重要作用。 目的：探讨CD133+卵巢癌干细胞样细胞向血管内皮细胞分化的特点。 方法：通过无血清培养方法从卵巢癌A2780细胞株中成功诱导出CD133⁺卵巢癌干细胞样细胞,在体外接种于铺或不铺Matrigel基质胶的96孔板内,观察不同时间点CD133⁺卵巢癌干细胞样细胞和人脐静脉内皮细胞形成管腔样结构能力。通过裸鼠皮下移植实验,免疫荧光法观察CD133⁺卵巢癌干细胞样细胞在卵巢癌血管新生中的作用。 结果与结论：CD133⁺卵巢癌干细胞样细胞和人脐静脉内皮细胞(阳性对照)在未铺 Matrigel基质胶上并不能形成相应的管腔结构,且不表达内皮细胞标志物CD31,在Matrigel基质胶上能够形成相对稳定的管腔结构,CD31表达明显。CD133⁺卵巢癌干细胞样细胞接种裸鼠皮下成瘤后,可观察到肿瘤组织中有人源性CD31的表达。结果表明CD133⁺卵巢癌干细胞样细胞能够分化为血管内皮细胞,参与肿瘤血管重建。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程     

人鼻咽癌细胞株分选CD133~+细胞实验研究

目的观察CD133在人鼻咽癌细胞株中的表达,探讨CD133+肿瘤细胞的体外增殖及分化能力从而确定鼻咽癌肿瘤干细胞的标志。方法使用免疫细胞化学及流式细胞技术检测鼻咽癌CNE2Z细胞株中的表达,免疫磁珠分选技术纯化肿瘤细胞,体外培养,观察其增殖及分化能力。结果鼻咽癌CNE2Z细胞株中有0.168%呈微量阳性表达,利用免疫磁珠分选技术纯化细胞的百分比为87.2%,免疫磁珠富集的CD133+肿瘤细胞在无血清培养基中1、3、5、7天的吸光度均高于相同条件下未分选细胞和CD133-细胞;CD133+在培养体系中的比例逐日下降,至培养的第12天,由第1天的87.2%下降至0.1%。结论鼻咽癌CNE2Z细胞株中,CD133+癌细胞有比其他细胞亚群强的体外分化和增殖能力,具有自我更新、生成其他表型肿瘤细胞等干细胞样特性,CD133可能是肿瘤起始细胞的标志之一。     

CD133和CD44在结直肠癌细胞中的表达及其与患者5年生存率的相关性分析

目的: 探讨不同CD133/CD44细胞亚群的成瘤能力及CD133、CD44的表达水平对根治性结直肠癌患者术后生存率的影响,明确CD133和CD44作为结直肠癌肿瘤干细胞表面标志物的意义。方法: 利用流式细胞术分选出SW480细胞系中CD133和CD44标记的不同细胞亚群,比较其在裸鼠皮下成瘤情况;并利用免疫组化的方法观察CD133和CD44在90例结直肠癌患者石蜡切片标本的表达情况,对CD133、CD44与患者临床病理资料及生存率进行分析。结果: CD133⁺CD44⁺细胞群成瘤能力明显优于其它各组。CD133和CD44均在细胞膜上表达,两者均与患者性别、年龄 、肿瘤位置、肿瘤大小、浸润深度、淋巴结转移、肝转移、肿瘤分化程度及UICC分期无关(P＞0.05)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析法显示,CD133高表达组5年生存率为45.2%,CD133低表达组5年生存率为83.8%,两者有明显差异(P＜0.01);而CD44高表达组5年生存率(75.6%)与低表达组(70.1%)无明显差异(P＞0.05);其中CD133/CD44同时高表达者5年生存率明显较差(P＜0.01)。Cox风险回归模型分析结果表明,CD133、肝转移、分化程度及淋巴结转移是影响结直肠癌患者预后的几个独立危险因素(P＜0.05)。结论: CD133可作为结直肠癌肿瘤干细胞的良好标志物。CD133是影响结直肠癌患者预后的独立危险因素,其表达水平越高,预后越差;尽管CD44与结直肠癌患者预后无明显相关性,但联合检测CD133/CD44却能更好地判断患者的预后情况。     

恶性肿瘤干细胞标记物CD34在鼻咽癌细胞系的表达

BACKGROUND:Previous research have confirmed that CD34 is closely related to oncogenesis, progress, recurrence, metastasis and drug-resistance of various cancers, but its role in nasopharyngeal carcinoma remains unclear. OBJECTIVE:To sort cells positive and negative for CD34 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines and to detect cell proliferation and migration. METHODS:Expressions of CD34 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines 5-8F, 6-10B, CNE1 and CNE2 were detected by flow cytometry. And CD34+ and CD34^- cells were sorted based on cell surface markers for purity identification. Afterwards, proliferation and migration of CD34⁺ and CD34^- cells were detected by MTT assay, colony-formation assay and scratch assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:All four nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines expressed CD34 in 0.1%-0.2%, and the level of CD34 was closely related to the cell growth density. The purity of CD34⁺ cell was more than 98% in the sorted CD34⁺ cell populations, but no CD34⁺ cells were found in the sorted CD34^- cell populations. At 1, 3, 5 and 7 days the proliferation rate of CD34⁺ cell, populations was significantly higher than that of CD34^- cells (P < 0.05). Consistently, the colony-formation efficiency of CD34⁺ cell was significantly higher than that of CD34^- cells (P < 0.05). Moreover, CD34⁺ cells migrated significantly faster than CD34^- cells by scratch assay (P < 0.05). In conclusion, CD34⁺ cells cultured in vitro display higher proliferation and migration capacities, indicating that CD34⁺ cells have the potential of nasopharyngeal carcinoma stem cells.     

大肠癌患者外周血细胞CD133的表达

背景：近期有报道称在肿瘤患者外周血中检测出了高于正常值的CD133阳性细胞。 目的：观察CD133 mRNA和蛋白在大肠癌患者外周血中的表达并探讨其临床意义。 方法：应用流式细胞技术与RT-PCR反应检测29例大肠癌患者和20例正常对照外周血中CD133 抗原与mRNA的表达。 结果与结论：发生转移的大肠癌患者外周血中CD133阳性细胞比例显著高于正常对照及无转移的大肠癌患者(P < 0.01)。正常健康人群和无转移大肠癌患者外周血中CD133mRNA表达为阴性,发生转移的部分大肠癌患者外周血中CD133mRNA表达阳性,阳性率为35.7%(5/14),在超过38个以上循环时表达为弱阳性。结果表明,无转移大肠癌患者外周血中CD133 mRNA和蛋白表达与正常对照无区别,发生转移的大肠癌患者外周血中CD133 mRNA和蛋白高于正常对照和未发生转移者。     

胃癌单克隆细胞球和CD44＋及CD133＋亚群成瘤能力的比较

目的研究胃癌干细胞亚群的筛选方法,探讨建立胃癌干细胞稳定亚群的可行性。方法利用流式细胞仪从MKN45、MKN25、SGC7901细胞株和人胃癌组织中分选出不同CD44和CD133表型的亚群,比较不同亚群和无血清培养基培养的单克隆细胞球细胞在裸鼠移植瘤模型中的成瘤能力。结果不同细胞的CD44＋和CD133＋亚群在低数量级时几乎不具有裸鼠皮下成瘤能力,在高数量级接种时成瘤能力与母系细胞差异无统计学意义;单克隆细胞球细胞在各数量级下的成瘤能力、瘤体积和生瘤速度均显著高于母系细胞。结论与CD44和CD133等细胞表面标志物筛选法相比,单克隆细胞球细胞可更好的作为胃癌干细胞研究的细胞学基础。     

肿瘤干细胞表面标记物CD44在胃癌组织中的表达及意义

BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that CD44 expression is closely associated with malignant transformation of gastric cancer. OBJECTIVE:To study the expression of CD44 in gastric cancer tissues and its clinical significance. METHODS:Gastric cancer specimens from 94 cases of gastric cancer after surgery and normal gastric tissue specimens from 30 cases undergoing gastroscope examination were collected and detected using S-P method. The positive expression rate of CD44 protein in these two groups was compared, and the relationship between CD44 and prognosis was analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The positive expression rate of CD44 protein in the gastric cancer group (73%) was significantly higher than that in the normal group (3%) (P < 0.05). The positive expression rate of CD44 protein in gastric cancer patients was remarkably associated with TNM stage, differentiation degree, invasion depth and lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). The 3-year survival rate of gastric cancer patients positive for CD44 protein was significantly lower than that of negative patients (P < 0.05). The higher TNM staging indicated the lower differentiation degree, and lymph node metastasis and CD44 positive expression were independent risk factors (P < 0.05). To conclude, the expression of CD44 protein is related to the clinical pathological features and prognosis of gastric cancer patients to some extents.     

Prognostic value of cancer stem cell marker CD133 expression in non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review

Objective: To investigate the correlation between CD133-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and clinicopathological features and its impact on survival. Methods: A search in the Pubmed, Embase and Wanfang databases (up to July 15, 2013) was performed. Only articles in which CD133 antigen was detected in situ localization by immunohistochemical staining were included. This meta-analysis was done using RevMan 5.2 software. Outcomes included overall survival and various clinicopathological features. Results: A total of 1004 NSCLC patients from 11 studies were included. Meta-analysis showed that CD133 expression patients had a significant worse 5-year overall survival compared to the low expression ones (RR = 3.19, 95% CI: 2.05-4.98, P<0.0001 fixed random). With respect to clinicopathological features, CD133 expression by IHC method was closely correlated with tumor T stage (OR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.59-1.39, P = 0.67 fixed-effect) and tumor grade (OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 0.80-1.79, P = 0.37 fixed-effect). Conclusion: CD133-positive NSCLC patients had worse prognosis, and was associated with common clinicopathological poor prognostic factors.     

CD133 expression and cancer stem cells predict prognosis in high-grade oligodendroglial tumors

High-grade oligodendroglial tumors, that is, anaplastic oligodendroglial tumors and glioblastomas with oligodendroglial component, differ significantly in terms of prognosis and response to chemotherapy. Differentiation might be difficult because the histological differences are vague and reliable markers are not established. We correlated the presence of putative cancer stem cells (CSC) in high-grade oligodendroglial tumors (WHO grades III and IV) with clinical outcome. Tumors with favorable prognosis neither contained CSC nor did they show CD133 expression. Tumor cells resembled lineage-restricted progenitor cells with limited proliferative capacity and differentiation profile. In contrast, CD133 expression and stem cell-like tumor cells characterized tumors with poor prognosis. They showed neurosphere-like growth, differentiated into cells of all neural lineages, and were tumorigenic in nude mice. In our series, CSC and expression of CD133 predicted the clinical course of disease better than the histological grading. To confirm these results, we retrospectively analyzed 36 high-grade oligodendroglial tumors. Again, CD133 expression indicated shorter survival and predicted clinical outcome more reliable than the histological assessment. Our data show that detection of CSC and expression of CD133 is predictive of prognosis in high-grade oligodendroglial tumors. The presence or absence of CD133(+) CSC might explain the crucial biological difference between WHO grade III and IV oligodendroglial tumors.     

自噬增强结肠癌CD133~+细胞对5-FU的化疗抵抗

目的对5-FU诱导结肠癌CD133+细胞发生自噬的过程进行观察,初步探讨自噬对化疗的影响。方法用MTT法检测细胞增殖抑制率及IC50;用免疫磁珠分选CD133+细胞;用透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察细胞的超微结构,用MDC染色,荧光显微镜观察自噬囊泡;联合应用细胞活性实验、集落形成实验研究自噬对化疗的影响。结果不同浓度5-FU处理后,人结肠癌SW480细胞活性明显受到抑制,其半数抑制浓度IC50为(1.09±0.18)μg/mL。CD133+胞质出现大量的自噬体及自噬囊泡;相比较单独给予5-FU,联合给予5-FU及3-MA,CD133+细胞活性由(81.8±4.6)%下降到(56.3±5.5)%(P<0.05),集落形成率由(81.1±3.4)%下降(64.4±4.8)%(P<0.05)。结论 5-FU可诱导结肠癌CD133+细胞发生自噬;自噬的抑制能够增强5-FU对结肠癌CD133+细胞的细胞毒效应。     

The utility and limitations of glycosylated human CD133 epitopes in defining cancer stem cells

Human CD133 (human prominin-1), a five transmembrane domain glycoprotein, was originally identified as a cell surface antigen present on CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells. Although the biological function of CD133 is not well understood, antibodies to CD133 epitopes have been widely used to purify hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. The cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis postulates that a rare population of tumor cells possessing increased capacities for self-renewal and tumor initiation is responsible for maintaining the growth of neoplastic tissue. The expression of the CD133 epitopes, AC133 and AC141, has been shown to define a subpopulation of brain tumor cells with significantly increased capacity for tumor initiation in xenograft models. Following the discovery of the AC133/AC141+ population of brain tumor stem cells, the AC133 and AC141 epitopes have been extensively used as markers for purifying CSCs in other solid tumors. There are, however, several issues associated with the use of the AC133 and AC141 CD133 epitopes as markers for CSCs. The antibodies routinely used for purification of AC133 and AC141-positive cells target poorly characterized glycosylated epitopes of uncertain specificity. Discordant expression of the AC133 and AC141 epitopes has been observed, and the epitopes can be absent despite the presence of CD133 protein. In addition, CD133 expression has recently been shown to be modulated by oxygen levels. These factors, in combination with the uncertain biological role of CD133, suggest that the use of CD133 expression as a marker for CSCs should be critically evaluated in each new experimental system and highlight the need for additional CSC surface markers that are directly involved in maintaining CSC properties.     

Cancer stem cell marker CD133+ tumour cells and clinical outcome in rectal cancer

Aims:  The CD133 antigen has been identified as a putative stem cell marker in colorectal cancer tissues. According to the cancer stem cell hypothesis, CD133+ cells determine long-term tumour growth and are therefore suspected of influencing clinical outcome. The aim was to investigate the prognostic value of CD133 expression in rectal cancer patients after preoperative radiation and curative resection.
Methods and results:  The expression of the CD133 stem cell antigen in a series of 73 patients with rectal cancer of various ypTNM stages was analysed by immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections. The prognostic value of CD133 expression and other clinicopathological factors was evaluated. On multivariate survival analysis, the proportion of CD133+ cells was a significant ( P  < 0.05) prognostic factor for adverse disease-free survival and overall survival independent of ypTNM stage, tumour differentiation or lymphovascular invasion.
Conclusions:  CD133 stem cell antigen expression correlates with patient survival in rectal cancer, lending support to the current cancer stem cell hypothesis.     

Prognostic value of cancer stem cell marker CD133 expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC): a systematic review and meta-analysis

CD133 is one of the most commonly used markers of pancreatic cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are characterized by their ability for self-renewal and tumorigenicity. Although the expression of CD133 has been reported to correlate with poor prognosis of PDAC in most literatures, some controversies still exist. In this study, we aimed to investigate the correlation between CD133 expression and prognosis and clinicopathological features in PDAC. A search in the Medline, EMBASE and Chinese CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) database (up to 1 March 2015) was performed using the following keywords pancreatic cancer, CD133, AC133, prominin-1 etc. Data from eligible studies were extracted and included into meta-analysis using a random effects model. Outcomes included overall survival and various clinicopathological features. We performed a final analysis of 723 patients from 11 evaluable studies for prognostic value and 687 patients from 12 evaluable studies for clinicopathological features. Our study shows that the pooled hazard ratio (HR) of overexpression CD133 for overall survival in PDAC was 0.58 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.49-0.67) by univariate analysis and 0.73 (95% CI: 0.52-1.03) by multivariate analysis. With respect to clinicopathological features, CD133 overexpression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) method was closely correlated with clinical TNM stage (TNM stage III+IV, OR=0.32, 95% CI: 0.19-0.54), tumor differentiation (poor differentiation, OR=0.56, 95% CI: 0.37-0.83), and lymph node metastasis (N1, 3.15, 95% CI: 1.56-6.36) in patients with PDAC. Our meta-analysis results suggest that CD133 is an efficient prognostic factor in PDAC. Overexpression of CD133 was significantly associated with clinical TNM stage, tumor differentiation and lymph node metastasis.     

CD133(+) human umbilical cord blood stem cells enhance angiogenesis in experimental chronic hepatic fibrosis

The in vivo angiogenic potential of transplanted human umbilical cord blood (UCB) CD133(+) stem cells in experimental chronic hepatic fibrosis induced by murine schistosomiasis was studied. Enriched cord blood-derived CD133(+) cells were cultured in primary medium for 3 weeks. Twenty-two weeks post-Schistosomiasis infection in mice, after reaching the chronic hepatic fibrotic stage, transplantation of stem cells was performed and mice were sacrificed 3 weeks later. Histopathology and electron microscopy showed an increase in newly formed blood vessels and a decrease in the fibrosis known for this stage of the disease. By immunohistochemical analysis the newly formed blood vessels showed positive expression of the human-specific angiogenic markers CD31, CD34 and von Willebrand factor. Few hepatocyte-like polygonal cells showed positive expression of human vascular endothelial growth factor and inducible nitric oxide synthase. The transplanted CD133(+) human stem cells primarily enhanced hepatic angiogenesis and neovascularization and contributed to repair in a paracrine manner by creating a permissive environment that enabled proliferation and survival of damaged cells rather than by direct differentiation to hepatocytes. A dual advantage of CD133(+) cell therapy in hepatic disease is suggested based on its capability of hematopoietic and endothelial differentiation.