非编码RNA与真核生物基因表达调控:从染色体到蛋白质

非编码RNA(ncRNA)在真核生物基因表达调控中至少起着部分关键的作用,这是由RNA本身的化学性质决定的。根据功能,ncRNA可以大致分成“看家RNA”与“调控RNA”。ncRNA的调控,从遗传信息的载体(DNA和染色质)一直到遗传信息的表达产物(蛋白质)的产生,所有生物过程中都有着极其重要的作用。将来的挑战是确定基因组中存在多少ncRNA,并研究它们所有的功能。     

环状RNA在肿瘤免疫中的研究进展

非编码RNA(non-coding RNA,ncRNA)可以分为环状RNA(circular RNA,circRNA)和线性ncRNA.ncRNA存在于不同的细胞类型中,包括正常细胞、肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞等.目前已经发现线性ncRNA,如长链非编码RNA(long noncoding RNA,lncRNA)和微RNA(m...     

非编码RNA与系统性红斑狼疮的相关研究进展

非编码RNA(non-coding RNA,ncRNA)是一类不具有编码蛋白质功能的基因组转录产物,其具有复杂的生物学功能,广泛参与人体生理、病理活动的调控.近来研究发现,ncRNA的表达失调与SLE的发生密切相关.该文对ncRNA与SLE的相关研究进展进行综述,旨在为进一步探索ncRNA在SLE中的作用提供新思路,为...     

长链内含子非编码RNA在基因表达过程中的调控作用

在绝大多数人类基因中都存有非蛋白编码RNA(non-coding RNA,ncRNA).长链内含子ncRNA(long intronic non-coding RNA,lincRNA)是众多ncRNA中的一员,而内含子区域则是具有调节性的ncRNA的关键源.长链内含子ncRNA可通过作为短链RNA的前体、或是与启动子元...     

RNA研究进展

近10年来,人们对RNA领域有了更多更新的研究发现,RNA早已不再局限于编译蛋白质,它还影响着生物体的基因表达、细胞周期及个体发育过程。小干扰RNA(smallinterfering RNA,siRNA)和非编码RNA(non-coding RNA,ncRNA)对生物体的生命活动有着重要的调控作用。siRNA引起RNA干扰(RNA interference,RNAi),ncRNA在包括转录调节、染色体复制、RNA剪切及加工、维护mRNA稳定和     

非编码RNA在肝癌中的作用

近年来,国内外掀起RNA研究的热潮,焦点即为非编码RNA的生物作用机制。众多研究提示,非编码RNA （ non?coding RNA, ncRNA）在体内组成了复杂的分子网络,与蛋白质调控网络相对应,协同参与着肿瘤的发生发展、侵袭、转移和预后治疗。肝癌是最常见的恶性肿瘤疾病之一,在我国发病率极高,目前仍缺乏有效的治疗方式,严重威胁着人类健康。众多ncRNA在肝癌中表达失调,这些ncRNA作为肝癌基因治疗的潜在靶点,可推动肝癌基因靶向治疗的发展,研究意义重大。     

长链非编码RNA对能量代谢和相关疾病发生发展的作用

<正>随着高通量测序技术的发展和ENCODE计划揭示,曾一度被认为是无功能的"转录噪音"的非编码RNA(noncoding RNA,ncRNA),近年来被证实在细胞分化、生物发育及疾病发生发展过程中发挥巨大作用[1]。其中长链非编码RNA(long noncoding RNA,lncRNA)是一类转录本长度超过200 nt的非编码RNA,在哺乳动物基因组中,有4%~9%的序     

卵巢癌与非编码RNA研究进展

卵巢癌是全球女性因癌症死亡的第5大病因,尽早明确诊断并积极治疗是改善预后的有效方法。随着测序技术的不断发展,人们发现了大量的种类丰富的非编码RNA。ncRNAs在细菌、真菌和哺乳动物等多种生物体的活动中可作为致癌驱动因子和肿瘤抑制因子,对肿瘤的发生、发展起到调控作用,ncRNA有望成为肿瘤诊治的新型生物标志物和治疗靶点。探索ncRNA可为卵巢癌的研究提供一些系统性新思路。现将卵巢癌相关ncRNA最新研究进展进行综述,并着重讨论微小RNA（miRNA）、长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）及环状RNA（circRNA）在卵巢癌中的作用。     

长链非编码RNA在神经发生中的调控作用

<正>基因组计划的研究成果表明,哺乳动物基因组中仅仅只有不到1%的序列能够转录为mRNA,剩下大部分基因组序列转录为之前被称为"转录噪音"的非编码RNA(noncoding RNA,ncRNA)~([1])。而lncRNA是ncRNA家族中最大的一类~([2])。近几年来,随着二代测序技术的广泛应用,lncRNA的神秘面纱才逐渐被揭开。许多研究表明,lncRNA虽然不编码蛋白质,但它有多种功能,包括招募转录因子来调控基因     

长链非编码RNA在成肌分化中的作用

人类基因组90％可以发生转录,但98％的转录产物为不具有蛋白编码能力的非编码 RNA （ noncoding RNA, ncRNA）。长链非编码RNA （ long noncoding RNA, lncRNA）是指转录本超过200 nt的非编码RNA,曾一度被认为是转录的“噪音”,不具有任何生物学功能。然而,近年报道lncRNA广泛参与成肌分化,可在RNA水平通过多种方式调控成肌分化进程,是成肌分化的重要调节因子。     

非编码RNA与人类重大疾病的发生及其在生物医学领域内的应用

2003年人类基因组计划的完成开辟了人类遗传学、人类病理学等研究领域的新时代,然而近年来解析人类基因组意义过程遇到一系列的难题使人们认识到DNA序列本身并不能解释所有关于遗传信息传递、人类疾病生物学基础等问题.     

DEAH box RNA helicase DHX38 associates with satellite I noncoding RNA involved in chromosome segregation

Noncoding (nc) RNA called satellite I is transcribed from the human centromere region. Depletion of this ncRNA results in abnormal nuclear morphology because of defects in chromosome segregation. Some protein factors interact with this ncRNA and function as a component of a nc ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex in mitotic regulation. Here, we found that DHX38, a pre‐mRNA splicing‐related DEAH box RNA helicase, interacts with satellite I ncRNA. Depletion of DHX38 resulted in defective chromosome segregation similar to knockdown of satellite I ncRNA. Interaction between DHX38 and ncRNA was interphase‐specific, but DHX38 depletion affected the function of Aurora B, which associated with satellite I ncRNA at mitotic phase. Based on these findings, we suggest that DHX38 has a role in mitotic regulation as a component of the satellite I ncRNP complex at interphase.     

牛磺酸上调基因1对肿瘤发生发展的调控作用

<正>基因的失调控(异常表达)是肿瘤发生发展的重要原因(诱因)业已被学术界所公认,而在这一过程中非编码RNA(non-coding RNA,ncRNA)起到了极为重要的调控作用~([1-2])。小RNA(small RNA;包括微小RNA,microRNA,miRNA,miR)和长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)均属于ncRNA~([3-4])。     

The regulation of non-coding RNA expression in the liver of mice fed DDC

Mallory-Denk bodies (MDBs) are found in the liver of patients with alcoholic and chronic nonalcoholic liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Diethyl 1,4-dihydro-2,4,6,-trimethyl-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate (DDC) is used as a model to induce the formation of MDBs in mouse liver. Previous studies in this laboratory showed that DDC induced epigenetic modifications in DNA and histones. The combination of these modifications changes the phenotype of the MDB forming hepatocytes, as indicated by the marker FAT10. These epigenetic modifications are partially prevented by adding to the diet S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) or betaine, both methyl donors. The expression of three imprinted ncRNA genes was found to change in MDB forming hepatocytes, which is the subject of this report. NcRNA expression was quantitated by real-time PCR and RNA FISH in liver sections. Microarray analysis showed that the expression of three ncRNAs was regulated by DDC: up regulation of H19, antisense Igf2r (AIR), and down regulation of GTL2 (also called MEG3). S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) feeding prevented these changes. Betaine, another methyl group donor, prevented only H19 and AIR up regulation induced by DDC, on microarrays. The results of the SAMe and betaine groups were confirmed by real-time PCR, except for AIR expression. After 1 month of drug withdrawal, the expression of the three ncRNAs tended toward control levels of expression. Liver tumors that developed also showed up regulation of H19 and AIR. The RNA FISH approach showed that the MDB forming cells' phenotype changed the level of expression of AIR, H19 and GTL2, compared to the surrounding cells. Furthermore, over expression of H19 and AIR was demonstrated in tumors formed in mice withdrawn for 9 months. The dysregulation of ncRNA in MDB forming liver cells has been observed for the first time in drug-primed mice associated with liver preneoplastic foci and tumors.     

基于主成分分析-神经网络的非编码RNA预测

预测非编码RNA对认识其调控功能具有重要意义。选择单核苷酸和二核苷酸出现频率作为神经网络分类特征,运用主成分分析方法降低输入数据的维数,去除数据间的相关性,采用Levenberg-Marquardt算法改善网络训练速度。对数据集的测试结果表明,此方法对细菌混合ncRNA的预测精度达到81.3%,对原核生物tRNA的预测精度达到93.3%,表明该方法能有效预测原核生物ncRNA。预测结果还发现两种古细菌的ORF序列在序列特征上与其它细菌和古细菌存在差别。