卡马西平对匹罗卡品诱导成年癫癎大鼠海马齿状回神经发生影响的研究

目的研究卡马西平对成年癫癎大鼠海马齿状回神经发生的影响。方法采用氯化锂和匹罗卡品联合诱导大鼠癫癎模型,于干预后第6d腹腔注射5-溴脱氧尿核苷嘧啶标记海马齿状回内源性神经前体细胞的增殖情况;用免疫组织化学方法及免疫荧光双标方法观察海马齿状回新生细胞的增殖、存活、分化及迁移情况。结果 （1）卡马西平可明显抑制癫癎大鼠海马齿状回新生细胞增殖;（2）卡马西平可明显促进癫癎大鼠海马齿状回新生细胞的存活;（3）卡马西平可增加癫癎大鼠海马齿状回新生神经元的数量,但不增加新生细胞分化为成熟神经元的比例;（4）卡马西平对新生神经细胞的异位迁移无抑制作用。结论卡马西平对癫癎大鼠海马齿状回神经发生的影响是其控制癫癎临床症状的可能机制之一。     

卡马西平对成年癫大鼠海马齿状回BrdU/NeuN表达水平及其对空间记忆的影响

目的研究卡马西平对成年癫大鼠海马齿状回新生神经元的影响及其与空间记忆之间的关系。方法采用氯化锂和匹罗卡品联合诱导大鼠癫模型,利用5-溴脱氧尿苷嘧啶与神经元核性蛋白双标记观察海马齿状回内源性神经前体细胞分化为成熟神经元的情况;利用行为学分析评价大鼠的空间记忆。结果 (1)卡马西平可增加癫大鼠海马齿状回新生成熟神经元的数量(P<0.05);(2)卡马西平对癫大鼠的空间记忆有明显改善作用(P<0.01)。结论卡马西平增加癫大鼠海马齿状回新生成熟神经元形成,是其改善癫大鼠空间记忆的可能机制之一。     

卡马西平对成年癫癎大鼠海马齿状回BrdU/NeuN表达水平及其对空间记忆的影响

目的 研究卡马西平对成年癫癎大鼠海马齿状回新生神经元的影响及其与空间记忆之间的关系.方法 采用氯化锂和匹罗卡品联合诱导大鼠癫痫 间模型,利用5-溴脱氧尿苷嘧啶与神经元核性蛋白双标记观察海马齿状回内源性神经前体细胞分化为成熟神经元的情况;利用行为学分析评价大鼠的空间记忆.结果 (1)卡马西平可增加癫癎大鼠海马齿状回新生成熟神经元的数量(P＜0.05);(2)卡马西平对癫癎大鼠的空间记忆有明显改善作用(P＜0.01).结论 卡马西平增加癫癎大鼠海马齿状回新生成熟神经元形成,是其改善癫癎大鼠空间记忆的可能机制之一.     

不同程度的性发作对成年大鼠空间学习记忆影响的研究

目的研究不同程度的性发作对成年大鼠空间学习记忆的影响。方法采用氯化锂和匹罗卡品联合诱导大鼠不同程度的癫模型(轻型和重型)。于造模后第6d给所有大鼠腹腔注射5-溴脱氧尿苷嘧啶(BrdU+)标记海马齿状回增殖的内源性神经前体细胞;用免疫组化方法观察各组大鼠注射BrdU+后第1d和第28d齿状回BrdU+阳性细胞数以及第28d的BrdU+/神经元核性蛋白(NeuN+)阳性细胞数及分布情况;利用Morris水迷宫评价大鼠的学习记忆功能。结果与正常组及轻型组比较,在各个时间点重型组海马齿状回BrdU+细胞数均增加(P<0.05),28d时BrdU+/NeuN+细胞数相应增多,但其占BrdU+细胞数的比例明显下降(P<0.05)。28d时重型组大鼠的学习记忆功能较正常组及轻型组明显下降(P<0.05)。结论严重的癫发作造成大鼠对空间学习记忆功能的损害,可能与其刺激大鼠海马齿状回内源性神经前体细胞增殖水平,抑制其分化为新生的成熟神经元有关。     

有氧训练对阿尔茨海默病模型大鼠海马齿状回神经发生的影响

目的：观察有氧训练对β淀粉样蛋白25-35（Aβ25-35）诱导的阿尔茨海默病（AD）大鼠齿状回（DG）神经发生的影响。方法：SD大鼠48只,随机分为假手术组（侧脑室注射生理盐水）,有氧训练组（侧脑室注射Aβ25-35＋4周有氧训练）和实验组（侧脑室注射Aβ25-35）。3组大鼠行Morris水迷宫行为学检测,免疫组织化学方法检测海马DGBrdU阳性细胞数,以确定有氧训练对细胞存活的影响;微管相关蛋白免疫组化染色观察新生神经元的突起生长。结果：①与假手术组比,实验组逃避潜伏期显著延长（P〈0.05）;有氧训练组与实验组比,逃避潜伏期明显缩短（P〈0.05）;有氧训练组逃避潜伏期与假手术组比,差异无统计学意义。②与假手术组比,实验组DGBrdU阳性细胞数显著减少（P〈0.05）。③与假手术组比,实验组DG新生神经元突起的数量明显减少（P〈0.05）。④与实验组比,有氧训练可改善DGBrdU阳性细胞的显著减少（P〈0.05）、保护神经元突起的生长（P〈0.05）。结论：Aβ25-35能诱导AD大鼠模型的建立,损害新生神经元突起生长和新生神经元的存活;有氧训练可改善Aβ25-35损害的大鼠新生神经元突起生长和新生神经元的存活。     

大鼠脑梗死后神经前体细胞的增殖及电针作用的实验研究

目的　研究脑梗死病灶周围及海马处神经前体细胞增殖水平的动态变化及电针治疗对其的影响。方法　采用易卒中型肾性高血压大鼠 (RHRSP) ,电凝法凝闭大脑中动脉 (MCAO)。用Garcia等的综合评分法评定大鼠的神经行为学功能 ,免疫组化观察梗死灶边缘、对侧镜区及双侧海马 5 溴脱氧尿核苷 (Bromodeoxyuridine,BrdU)标记细胞的变化。结果　MCAO后大鼠轻偏瘫 ,5天时神经行为学功能恢复正常。MCAO后梗死灶边缘、双侧镜区及双侧海马均有BrdU阳性细胞分布 ,且病灶侧多于病灶对侧 ,病灶周围分布密集。电针治疗促使梗死灶边缘BrdU阳性细胞增多 ,随着治疗时间增加细胞增多更明显。结论　脑梗死可诱导病灶周边及海马神经前体细胞增殖水平上调 ,2周内神经前体细胞随着电针治疗时间的增加而增多。神经前体细胞可能是脑梗死康复的重要物质基础。     

次声对成年大鼠齿状回神经前体细胞增殖的影响

目的研究次声对成年大鼠海马齿状回神经前体细胞增殖的影响。方法大鼠随机等分为正常对照组、假次声组和次声组（每组16只）。次声组暴露于8Hz、130dB次声环境7d（2h／d），暴露结束后第1、3、7、14d处死，采用抗5-溴脱氧尿嘧啶尿苷（BrdU）免疫组化方法，观察齿状回BrdU阳性细胞数的变化。结果次声作用结束后第1d，齿状回BrdU阳性细胞数与假次声组和正常对照组相比均无统计学差异；第3d及第7d，BrdU阳性细胞数减少（P〈0．05），第14d恢复正常水平。结论8Hz、130dB次声可抑制正常成年大鼠海马神经前体细胞增殖，可能与次声引起大鼠脑内微环境改变有关。     

糖皮质激素对大鼠内源性神经前体细胞增殖的影响

目的探讨大剂量糖皮质激素(GCs)对成年大鼠内源性神经前体细胞增殖的影响.方法将25只大鼠随机分为对照组和地塞米松(DEX)作用1、3、7、14 d组,应用免疫组化方法检测神经前体细胞标记物巢蛋白(nestin)的表达,并通过5-溴脱氧尿苷(BrdU)观察神经前体细胞的增殖.结果正常大鼠海马齿状回(DG)和室下区(SVZ)存在神经前体细胞,并且其中一些细胞处于分裂增殖状态.应用大剂量GCs作用3、7、14 d组与对照组相比DG的nestin和BrdU阳性细胞数明显减少,SVZ的nestin和BrdU阳性细胞数在DEX作用7、14 d组与对照组相比明显减少,并且DG与SVZ二者阳性细胞数随着作用时间的延长而减低更为明显.结论大剂量GCs持续作用可抑制大鼠脑内的内源性神经前体细胞的增殖,DG区的神经前体细胞对GCs的反应较SVZ更为敏感.     

年龄对大鼠脑内ChAT活性和神经前体细胞增殖的影响

目的观察不同年龄组大鼠的学习记忆能力、基底前脑区胆碱乙酰转移酶（Choline acetyltransferase，ChAT）活性和神经前体细胞的增殖能力的变化。方法选取不同年龄SD大鼠，选用Y型迷宫测试大鼠的学习记忆能力，选用比色法观察ChAT活性的变化，选用尿口密啶脱氧核苷（BrdU）免疫组织化学方法标记处于增殖状态的神经前体细胞。结果各年龄组的学习记忆能力、基底前脑区ChAT和海马区神经前体细胞的增殖能力均呈明显的增龄性下降。幼年组和青年组之间，以及青年组和老年组之间的差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论衰老性的记忆下降和脑内与记忆相关的神经递质的代谢变化有关，而其核心可能与神经前体细胞补偿丢失神经元的能力以及神经元的可塑性下降有关。     

内源性VEGF表达对缺血性脑损伤后成年大鼠海马齿状回神经发生影响的实验研究

2-EGFP-U6-shRNA(VEGF)立体定向给药大鼠缺血性脑损伤后24h和6d时缺血性脑损伤诱导的大鼠海马VEGF mRNA表达水平反应性升高可被抑制(P<0.05),海马内源性VEGF mRNA表达水平的降低可显著下调缺血性脑损伤后齿状回神经前体细胞增殖水平.结论 内源性VEGF基因表达可能是缺血性脑损伤后齿状回神经前体细胞增殖的一个重要启动信号.VEGF是耦联缺血性脑损伤和齿状回神经发生的关键分子.     

High frequency oscillations in the dentate gyrus of rat hippocampal slices induced by tetanic stimulation

Tetanic stimulation induces high-frequency network oscillations in area CA1 and in the subiculum of rat hippocampal slices. Here, we describe the effects of similar tetanic stimulation in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus. We found field potential oscillations in the dentate granule cell layer which shared several properties with tetanically induced oscillations in CA1, including delayed onset, duration, progressive slowing of frequency within the oscillations and sensitivity to blockers of GABA(A) receptors, NMDA receptors and metabotropic glutamate receptors. However, the mean frequency of the oscillations in the dentate is approximately 100 Hz, much higher than tetanic oscillations in CA1 and, in contrast to CA1, dentate high-frequency oscillations are sensitive to antagonists of AMPA-receptors. Oscillation frequency was decreased by metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonists and increased by antagonists of AMPA-receptors as well as the gap junction blocker carbenoxolone. The oscillations can be observed in the whole dentate gyrus-CA3-network and are tightly correlated between the dentate gyrus and area CA3. Thus, tetanic stimulation in the dentate elicits a new pattern of network oscillations with coherence in the dentate-CA3-network which may affect the processing of afferent information in the hippocampus.     

Glutamate-induced gamma oscillations in the dentate gyrus of rat hippocampal slices

In this paper we show that gamma oscillations can be elicited by brief (< or = 200 ms) local applications of glutamate in the dentate gyrus of rat hippocampal slices. Dentate gamma oscillations show an initial peak frequency of approximately 70 Hz and last for up to 4 min. The network activity involves functional GABA(A) receptors as it is drastically reduced by GABA(A) receptor antagonists. The oscillations can be observed in the whole dentate gyrus-CA3-network and are coherent between the dentate gyrus and area CA3 for variable periods. Thus, long-lasting gamma oscillations can be experimentally induced in the dentate gyrus and are propagated into the hippocampus proper.     

Fast-spiking non-pyramidal cells in the hippocampal CA3 region, dentate gyrus and subiculum of rats

Intracellular recording and injection of horseradish peroxidase in rat hippocampal slice preparations revealed the existence of fast-spiking cells and their morphology of non-pyramidal cell type in the CA3 region, dentate gyrus and subiculum.     

戊四氮诱发癫痫大鼠海马齿状回颗粒细胞树突发芽

目的利用化学点燃大鼠癫痫模型,观察癫痫发作后大鼠海马齿状回颗粒细胞树突的形态学变化,探讨癫痫敏感性形成机制。方法利用戊四氮（PTZ）制作化学点燃大鼠癫痫模型。采用点燃成功后3d、7d两个时间点,应用神经元高尔基染色法,在光镜下观察和定量分析大鼠海马齿状回颗粒细胞的树突改变。结果颗粒细胞的形态学参数（树突总长度、树突分支点数、树突野最大伸展距离和树突棘密度）在PTZ点燃后3d时均显著降低（P〈0.05）,而在PTZ点燃后7d时明显回升,并明显高于生理水平（P〈0.05）。结论在PTZ点燃大鼠癫痫发作后,颗粒细胞树突出现明显的可塑性改变,并在PTZ点燃后7d时出现发芽现象,这可能与癫痫敏感性的形成有关     

Granule cell disinhibition in dentate gyrus of genetically seizure susceptible El mice

Paired-pulse inhibition was investigated electrophysiologically in the dentate gyrus using hippocampal slices from epileptic El mice. At short interpulse intervals (IPIs), the inhibition was 30% in the El, and 90% in the control ddY mice at the ages of 10 and 15 weeks. No difference in inhibition was observed at the age of 5 weeks. Bicuculline, a GABA_A receptor antagonist, attenuated the inhibition during short IPIs in the ddY mice, while in the El mice, phenobarbital and flunitrazepam, which enhance GABA_A receptor function, restored the inhibitory activity comparable to that of the ddY. The disinhibition progressed with growth, closely correlating with seizure development in El mice. These results suggest that decrease in the GABAergic inhibition occurs in the dentate gyrus of the El mice with growth. GABA concentration in the hippocampus was also quantified using HPLC. In El mice, GABA level was significantly lower than that in ddY mice at the ages of 5 and 15 weeks. Thus, the disinhibition observed in the El dentate gyrus at 15 weeks of age does not appear to be directly related to the content of GABA. GABAergic disinhibition suggests possible loss of unknown inhibition control factor(s) in the El dentate gyrus as growth progresses. The growth-dependent disinhibition in the granule cells may be a prerequisite for epileptogenesis in El mice.     

Proliferation of neuronal precursor cells in the dentate gyrus is accelerated after transient forebrain ischemia in mice

We investigated the proliferation of neuronal progenitor cells by labeling dividing cells by systemic application of the thymidine analog 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) during transient forebrain ischemia in mice. At 3 (n=6), 7 (n=6), 10 (n=6), and 17 days (n=6) after reperfusion, BrdU-labeled cells were detected in the dentate gyrus and paraventricle lesion. After ischemia-reperfusion, BrdU-labeled cells in the dentate gyrus significantly increased in number but not in the paraventricle lesion. These observations may help to clarify the mechanism of functional recovery after stroke.     

Effects of sub-chronic lithium treatment on synaptic plasticity in the dentate gyrus of rat hippocampal slices

Although it has long been suggested that lithium has robust neuroplastic actions, and these actions lead to an enhancement on synaptic plasticity, the effects of lithium treatment on synaptic plasticity have been rarely studied. This study examined the effects of sub-chronic lithium treatment on synaptic plasticity in the dentate gyrus (DG) of hippocampal slices in the rats. Young adult rats were intraperitoneally administered a daily dose of 1 mgEq LiCl or saline-vehicle for 14 days. Twelve hours after the last injections, the input/output (I/0) responses of field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSP) and the long-term potentiation (LTP) of fEPSP and population spikes (PS) were determined in the DG of hippocampal slices prepared from the animals treated with lithium or vehicle. Treatment of lithium for 14 days significantly increased the I/O responses of fEPSP and the LTP of fEPSP and PS. These results indicate that sub-chronic treatment of lithium increases the excitatory postsynaptic responses, synaptic strength and the cell firing of the granule cells in the DG of the hippocampus.