洋川芎内酯A和洋川芎内酯I的降解产物研究

目的 考察影响洋川芎内酯A和洋川芎内酯I稳定性的因素,分离和鉴定其室温自然光照条件下放置2个月后的降解产物,并推测其可能降解途径。方法 半制备HPLC分离制备降解产物,UV、MS和NMR鉴定结构。结果 氧是影响洋川芎内酯A和洋川芎内酯I稳定性的主要因素,室温自然光照2个月后,洋川芎内酯A通过脱氢反应完全转化为丁基苯酞;洋川芎内酯I通过异构化反应部分转化为其同分异构体 (E)-6, 7-反式-双羟基藁本内酯。结论 洋川芎内酯A和洋川芎内酯I要尽量保存在低温、避光和无氧环境中,以保持其稳定性。     

复方血脂宁中4种活性成分的降解动力学研究

[目的]研究复方血脂宁中4种主要活性成分在不同pH和温度条件下的降解动力学规律。[方法]建立高效液相色谱分析方法,考察不同pH(1.2、6.8、8.3)、不同温度(60、70、80、90℃)条件下血脂宁中4种活性成分单体:红镰霉素-6-O-β-D-龙胆二糖苷(红镰霉素)、二苯乙烯苷、荷叶碱、金丝桃苷的稳定性,并利用化学动力学方法计算降解反应动力学参数。[结果]红镰霉素、二苯乙烯苷、荷叶碱和金丝桃苷在不同pH和温度条件下均发生不同程度的降解,且均符合一级动力学规律;温度对降解速率影响较大,温度升高降解速率明显加快。根据Arrhenius方程计算得到,红镰霉素、二苯乙烯苷、荷叶碱和金丝桃苷4种成分单体在水溶液中的降解活化能分别为90.56、74.66、72.66、74.42 k J/mol。[结论]复方血脂宁中4种活性成分在高温条件下均易降解。室温条件下,在不同pH值缓冲液中,荷叶碱和红镰霉素降解较慢,而金丝桃苷、二苯乙烯苷在弱碱性条件下降解较快。     

紫外线-B辐射对当归苯酞类成分含量的影响

目的研究紫外线(UV)-B辐射对当归苯酞类成分含量的影响。方法在大田试验条件下,设置自然光(CK,只用灯罩,不安装灯管)、UV-B辐射T1[7.11 KJ/(m2·d)]、UV-B辐射T2[8.67 KJ/(m2·d)]3个处理,11月初采收当归,采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法检测当归药材中阿魏酸松柏酯、欧当归内酯A、洋川芎内酯A、洋川芎内酯I、洋川芎内酯H、藁本内酯6种苯酞类成分的含量,并进行比较。结果在UV-B辐射T2处理下,当归阿魏酸松柏酯、欧当归内酯A、洋川芎内酯A、洋川芎内酯I、洋川芎内酯H、藁本内酯含量及总含量均大于CK和UV-B辐射T1处理,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 UV-B辐射增强有利于当归中苯酞类成分的积累,提示当归在高海拔UV辐射强度大的条件下,有利于高品质的形成。     

超高效液相色谱法比较鲜川芎和川芎药材中6种成分含量

目的 采用超高效液相色谱法(ultra-high performance liquid chromatography, UPLC)比较鲜川芎和川芎药材中6种活性成分(川芎嗪、阿魏酸、洋川芎内酯I、洋川芎内酯H、洋川芎内酯A、藁本内酯)的含量差异,为该药材的产地加工提供实验依据。方法 采用75%甲醇超声提取,UPLC测定鲜川芎和川芎药材中6种活性成分,根据样品处理条件计算质量分数并进行比较。流动相为乙腈(A)-0.1%甲酸水溶液(B),梯度洗脱,流速为0.2 mL/min,检测波长为294 nm,柱温30 ℃,进样体积2 μL。结果 经检测,阿魏酸、藁本内酯、洋川芎内酯A为鲜川芎和川芎药材的共有成分,鲜川芎中未检测到洋川芎内酯I及洋川芎内酯H。鲜川芎样品中各成分的质量分数为阿魏酸0.003 9%、洋川芎内酯A 0.006 4%、藁本内酯0.54%;川芎药材中各成分的质量分数为阿魏酸0.088%、洋川芎内酯I 0.20%、洋川芎内酯H 0.031%、洋川芎内酯A 0.76%、藁本内酯 1.3%。结论 川芎药材与鲜川芎中化学成分存在差异,推测在川芎的产地加工及贮藏过程中存在成分的转化。     

川芎的化学成分研究

[目的]研究川芎的化学成分.[方法]采用回流提取法提取,硅胶、反相硅胶等手段分离纯化.利用化合物理化性质及波谱分析方法进行结构鉴定.[结果]从川芎中分离得到4个化合物,分别鉴定为棕榈酸(Ⅰ)、洋川芎内酯H(Ⅱ)、洋川芎内酯I(Ⅲ)和阿魏酸(Ⅳ).     

合煎与单煎对四物汤中4种化学成分溶出量的影响

[目的]建立同时测定四物汤水提液中芍药苷、阿魏酸、藁本内酯和洋川芎内酯I 4种化学成分含量测定的方法,并考察合煎与单煎对这4种成分溶出量的影响。[方法]采用反相高效液相色谱法,色谱柱为Cosmosil C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-0.3%甲酸水溶液梯度洗脱,检测波长为280 nm,流速为1 m L/min,柱温为30℃,分析在合煎、单煎条件下四物汤中4种化学成分溶出量的变化。[结果]芍药苷、阿魏酸、藁本内酯、洋川芎内酯I在19.38~310.00μg/m L(r=0.999 4),1.51~24.16μg/m L(r=0.999 4),1.50~24.00μg/m L(r=0.999 6),2.00~32.00μg/m L(r=0.999 4)线性范围内关系良好;平均加样回收率分别为95.89%(RSD=2.90%),97.08%(RSD=2.28%),96.84%(RSD=2.87%),98.77%(RSD=1.98%)。四物汤合煎液中洋川芎内酯I的溶出量低于当归、川芎药材溶出总量,而阿魏酸和藁本内酯的溶出量均高于当归、川芎药材溶出总量,芍药苷溶出量高于芍药药材溶出量。[结论]合煎与单煎中化学成分的溶出量并不是组方药味的简单叠加,而有其内在的配伍规律。     

血必净注射液对急性胰腺炎小鼠p38MAPK信号通路的影响

[目的]观察血净注射液对雨蛙素诱导的急性胰腺炎(AP)小鼠的影响,并探讨p38蛋白激酶(p38MAPK)在血必净治疗胰腺炎症中的作用。[方法]将健康雄性小鼠C57BL/6J随机分成3组(n=5):正常对照组、雨蛙素诱导AP模型组、血必净注射液治疗组。模型组和治疗组均腹腔注射雨蛙素(50μg/kg,每天5次,间隔1 h,注射3天),治疗组在每天注射第5次雨蛙素30 min后给予尾静脉注射血必净注射液(13 mL/kg)。在腹腔注射雨蛙素最后一次造模完成后24 h,摘眼球取血至动物死亡。苏木精-伊红染色(HE)观察胰腺组织病理学变化;检测血清淀粉酶;酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)检测胰腺组织中单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)蛋白含量表达;Western blot检测MAPK信号通路中c-Jun氨基末端激酶(JNK),胞外信号调节激酶(ERK1/2)和p38相关蛋白的表达。[结果]雨蛙素诱导的AP模型组在注射第3天第5次雨蛙素造模结束24 h后,血清淀粉酶明显升高,胰腺组织中MCP-1含量显著增加,与对照组相比有统计学差异(P0.05);血必净治疗组血清淀粉酶、胰腺组织中MCP-1均较AP模型组明显降低,与模型组相比有具有统计学差异(P0.05)。AP模型组在造模结束24 h后胰腺组织可见明显病理损伤,而血必净组治疗组病理损伤较轻。在正常对照组、AP模型组、血必净治疗组中胰腺组织MAPK信号通路中JNK,ERK1/2以及pJNK,p-ERK1/2蛋白表达均未有明显差异(P0.05);与正常对照组相比AP模型组p38MAPK蛋白的表达明显上调,血必净治疗组与AP模型组相比p38MAPK蛋白的表达明显下调(P0.05)。[结论]血必净注射液可能通过抑制AP小鼠胰腺组织中p38MAPK炎症信号通路的激活,从而达到AP的保护作用。     

改性凹凸棒基复合肥对当归产量及主要有效成分含量的影响

目的 研究改性凹凸棒基复合肥对当归产量及主要有效成分含量的影响.方法 在大田试验条件下,采用完全随机设计,设置3组进行试验,分别为T1组(施30％改性凹凸棒基复合肥)、T2组(施磷酸二铵)和CK组(不施肥),测定收获期当归产量及根中主要有效成分阿魏酸、洋川芎内酯Ⅰ、洋川芎内酯H、阿魏酸松柏酯、洋川芎内酯A、正丁基苯酞、...     

基于化学动力学的异绿原酸A在水溶液中的降解规律研究

[目的]研究异绿原酸A在水溶液中,于不同pH值、温度、光照、初始药物浓度等条件下的降解动力学特征。[方法]采用超高液相色谱(UPLC)法考察不同环境下异绿原酸A含量随时间的变化情况,以化学反应动力学方法计算不同条件下的降解半衰期(t1/2)等反应动力学参数,利用Arrhenius方程计算降解反应的活化能。[结果]异绿原酸A在多种条件下的降解均符合一级动力学模型,降解速率呈现pH和温度依赖性;金属离子Fe~(3+)、Fe~(2+)的引入以及紫外光均会使异绿原酸A的降解反应速率加快,而初始药物浓度及氧化的变化对其降解速率影响不明显。在25℃,中性条件下异绿原酸A的降解活化能为96.71 kJ/mol,t_1/2为1 381.9 h。[结论]异绿原酸A在酸性,低温环境中较为稳定,高温、强碱、活波金属离子及紫外光均可加速其降解。异绿原酸A在中药材及中成药中广泛存在,此类药物在生产、储存和使用过程中应避免含铁容器,应选择在低温、避光环境下保存。     

临洮当归与岷县当归8种有效成分比较

目的通过测定岷县当归与临洮当归中阿魏酸、阿魏酸松柏酯、藁本内酯、洋川芎内酯A、洋川芎内酯I、洋川芎内酯H、正丁基苯酞、欧当归内酯等8种有效成分的含量,对比评价新产区临洮所产当归的药材质量。方法采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定岷县当归与临洮当归中以上8种有效成分的含量,色谱柱为Merk RP-C₁₈柱(250.0 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈(B)-1%乙酸(A),梯度洗脱,检测波长280 nm,柱温30℃,流速1 m L/min,进样量20μL;采用SPSS 21.0统计软件比较2个产地8种有效成分的含量差异。结果该色谱条件可以将当归中以上8种有效成分完全分离并同时测定其含量; 8种有效成分在各自线性范围内均呈现良好的线性关系; 2个产地当归中有效成分除洋川芎内酯I与洋川芎内酯H外,其余6种有效成分含量差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论该方法简单可行、重复性好,可为临洮合理引种当归及其规范化栽培提供参考。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.