一期再造全长指的实验研究

目的 通过实验探索一期再造全长指的手术设计和方法。方法 在6只食蟹猴上，在掌指关节处切除示指，应用带足背皮瓣和跖骨的第2足趾复合移植一期再造全长示指。结果 再造12个全长指术后全部成活，后因感染仅4个再造指存活，随访12个月，存活再造指恢复大部分功能及较好的外观。结论 利用带足背皮瓣和跖骨的第2足趾复合移植再造全长示指的方法可行，但需设法提高存活率。     

踇甲皮瓣与带指神经血管蒂岛状皮瓣联合移植再造拇指

目的：探讨母指再造的新术式。方法：采用吻合血管的Mu甲皮瓣和带指神经血管蒂的岛状皮瓣移位瓦合，急诊延迟一期再造拇指，结果：再造拇指10例全部成活、外形与功能良好，Mu趾趾腹保持完整，手指活动正常，结论：吻合血管Mu甲皮瓣与带指神经血管蒂岛状皮瓣联合移植为拇指再造提供一种新的方法，适用于拇指皮肤脱套伤及Ⅱ度－Ⅲ度拇指缺损的修复。     

示指全长脱套伤一期修复

目的 报道示指全长脱套伤一期修复临床效果.方法 一期重建示指全长套状撕脱缺损3例.伤指中远节以(足母)甲瓣或第二足趾修复,伤指近节以(足母)甲瓣或第二足趾携带的跖背和跖底皮瓣包裹背侧、桡侧和掌侧,伤指近节尺侧面以跖背皮瓣富余的筋膜瓣覆盖后,采用皮片移植修复.结果 经5～58个月,平均38个月随访,临床修复3例均完全成活,2例效果满意,另1例因淋巴水肿,外形较臃肿.结论 应用(足母)甲瓣或第二足趾携带跖背和跖底皮瓣移植,与皮片移植结合,一期修复全长脱套伤示指,可获预期的临床效果.     

改良甲瓣及第2、3趾移植治疗手严重脱套伤伴手指缺失

清创后用髂腹股沟带蒂皮瓣修复创面 ,二期施行改良甲瓣及第2、3趾移植再造拇指、食指和中指 1例。清创后一期施行双侧股前外侧皮瓣、甲瓣及第 2、3趾移植行手再造 1例。结果 2例再造手全部成活 ,手的捏、握、钩功能均恢复。体会 :一次性游离同侧带有部分趾骨的甲瓣 ,2、3趾及复合皮瓣转移 ,治疗手严重脱套伤伴手指缺失 ,术后感觉与功能恢复较好 ,且避免了指骨被吸收。改良甲瓣及第2、3趾移植治疗手严重脱套伤伴手指缺失@宋将$山东省滕州市中心人民医院骨科 @朱静华$山东省滕州市中心人民医院骨科…     

应用改良(躅)甲瓣修复拇手指脱套伤

目的 探讨应用改良(躅)甲瓣修复各型拇、手指脱套伤的临床疗效.方法 根据不同损伤类型,采取4种方式修复18例28个脱套拇手指:①单侧改良(躅)甲瓣修复9例9个拇指近节中段以远脱套及3例3指近侧指间关节以远脱套;②单侧改良(躅)甲瓣加第二趾胫侧皮瓣修复2例2指全指脱套;③双侧改良(躅)甲瓣修复1例双侧拇指脱套;④双侧改良(躅)甲瓣加第二趾胫侧皮瓣与带感觉的超薄股前外侧皮瓣修复3例12指脱套.(躅)甲瓣切取时携带全部趾甲,保留(躅)趾趾底偏胫侧三角形皮瓣.结果 18例22块(躅)甲瓣及3块超薄股前外侧皮瓣均一期完全成活.15例获随访8～25个月,再造拇、手指外观接近健侧指体,运动及感觉恢复满意,供区无增生性瘢痕,跖底三角形皮瓣显著增宽,所有患者步行、跑、跳均无明显受限.结论 应用改良(躅)甲瓣修复拇手指脱套伤,不但受区可以获得接近健侧的良好外观和功能,而且可使供区损伤减少到最低限度,是目前显微重建拇、手指脱套伤的最佳术式之一.     

不同构制游离组织组合移植一期修复全手脱套伤

目的 探讨应用不同构制游离组织组合移植一期修复全手皮肤撕脱伤的临床效果.方法 ①采用拇甲瓣与股前外侧皮瓣移植15例;②拇甲瓣与一侧股前外侧皮瓣和小腿皮瓣移植3例;③采用双侧第2趾再造拇、手指与股前外侧皮瓣移植14例;④采用拇甲瓣与第2趾胫侧皮瓣瓦合再造拇指和股前外侧皮瓣移植8例;⑤采用拇甲瓣加双侧第2趾移植再造拇、手指和股前外侧皮瓣移植7例;⑥双侧拇甲瓣加双侧第2趾甲瓣加双足背皮瓣加股前外侧皮瓣移植8例.结果 术后出现1例皮瓣危象和1例双侧再造示、中指动脉危象经积极处理后成活,其余均成活.本组获随访6个月～9年,再造拇、手指对指,对捏,生活自理,手指两点辨别觉8～13 mm.结论 采用不同构制游离组织组合移植一期修复全手脱套伤术后功能恢复良好,是其他方法难以替代的.     

游离足内侧微型皮瓣修复手指软组织缺损

目的观察足内侧微型皮瓣游离移植修复手指软组织缺损的临床效果。方法自1997年12月～2003年5月间共为11例13指行游离足内侧微型皮瓣移植,男8例10指,女3例3指,年龄18～58岁,平均32岁。8个皮瓣用于修复手指软组织缺损,其中修复手外伤后手指掌侧皮肤缺损6指,并指畸形分指后手指侧面骨外露1指,电击伤后手指掌侧瘢痕挛缩及屈肌腱缺损1指;5个皮瓣与第二趾甲复合组织瓣联合移植修复手指脱套伤或再造手指,其中外伤后示指中远节脱套伤1指,示、中指全长脱套伤各1指,示指中远节断指再植后坏死2指。皮瓣以足底内侧动脉深支的内侧支为血管蒂,以足舟骨结节的最高点与第一跖骨头胫侧缘连线为轴线,在足内侧设计微型皮瓣,皮瓣的血管蒂分别与指动脉及指背静脉吻合。结果术后随访3个月～5年6个月,平均21个月。本组共行13个足内侧微型皮瓣及5个第二趾甲复合组织瓣游离移植。13个足内侧皮瓣中12个完全成活,1个部分坏死。皮瓣面积最小为2.5cm×3cm,最大为6cm×4cm。3个用于修复指腹缺损的足内侧皮瓣,切取时携带了隐神经的分支并与指神经吻合,术后皮瓣的两点分辨率为7～9mm;其余10个未携带感觉神经。移植后皮瓣的色泽、质地、厚薄与手指皮肤尤其是手指掌侧皮肤相似,再造后的手指外观逼真。结论游离足内侧微型皮瓣是修复手指尤其     

联合组织移植一期再造拇手指的临床经验总结

目的 探讨联合组织移植一期再造拇手指的临床效果。方法 手术切取第二足趾时携带Mu趾腓侧条形瓣或同时与示指背条形瓣联合加粗第二足趾再造拇指。采用Mu趾腓侧纵条形瓣加粗第二足趾并双月牙状跖骨背皮瓣及部分跖骨加长再造手指。结果 临床再造拇手指5例7指，全部成活。再造拇手指的粗细、长度接近正常。结论 联合组织移植再造拇手指可克服单纯第二足趾再造拇手指外形不佳的缺点，为拇手指再造手术提供一种选择。     

急诊第二足趾趾甲皮瓣与掌背皮瓣瓦合修复单指脱套伤

拇指及手指脱套伤并不少见 ,用传统方法进行修复 ,其外观及功能均不理想[1 4 ] 。我们采用第二足趾趾甲皮瓣与掌背皮瓣瓦合移植 ,急诊修复拇手指脱套伤 19例 19指 ,再造指体全部成活 ,功能与效果满意 ,达到预期目的。一、资料与方法1 一般资料 :本组共 19例 19指 ,男 12例 ,女 7例 ;年龄 16至 32岁 ,平均 2 5岁。均系机器挤压伤致拇手指逆行套状撕脱伤。右示指 6指 ,右拇指 7指 ,左示指 2指 ,左拇指 4指。自指根部套脱 6指 ,自掌指关节以远脱套 13指。伤指脱套皮肤严重损伤均无回植条件 ,入院后急诊行第二足趾趾甲皮瓣与掌骨背动脉皮瓣瓦合…     

应用Mu趾腓侧皮瓣游离移植修复手指皮肤环形缺损

目的：报道应用Mu趾腓侧皮瓣修复手指组织环形缺损的临床效果。方法：采用吻合血管的Mu趾腓侧皮瓣游离移植修复拇指,示指及中指环形组织缺损共10例。结果：移植皮瓣全部成活,恢复了原手指的长度外形与功能又保留了Mu趾的长度外形与功能。结论：采用Mu趾腓侧皮瓣游离移植是治疗手指近节组织环形缺损、指末节大部分皮肤缺损的良好方法。     

改良邻指矩形皮瓣修复手指末节套状撕脱皮肤缺损

 目的 探讨改良切取指动脉背侧支供血的邻指超比例矩形皮瓣修复手指末节套状撕脱皮肤缺损的手术方法及临床疗效。
方法 2006年1月至2010年3月,收治26例（26指）手指末节套状撕脱皮肤缺损患者,男21例（21指）,女5例（5指）;年龄17～56岁,平均31.6岁;机器绞伤14例,挤压伤8例,绳索绞勒伤4例。其中示指8例,中指9例,环指4例,小指5例。脱套手指末节长度为1.1～2.6cm。应用指动脉背侧支供血的邻指超比例矩形皮瓣修复,皮瓣切取范围3.6cm×2.3cm～6.5cm×3.2cm。供区全厚皮片游离移植。
结果 术后13~23d断蒂,26例皮瓣全部成活,皮瓣及供区植皮伤口均一期愈合。术后25例获得随访,随访时间6～28个月,平均16.3个月。皮瓣质地柔软,外观饱满。两点辨别觉为6～9mm,平均7.8mm。无一例外观表现臃肿及发生指端触痛等并发症。手功能按手指总主动活动度（total active movement,TAM）法评定,优17例,良7例,可1例,优良率为96%。
结论 改良切取指动脉背侧支供血的邻指超比例矩形皮瓣修复手指末节套状撕脱皮肤缺损的方法操作简单,皮瓣成活率高,术后手指功能恢复满意,皮瓣外观及感觉恢复良好,可用于修复2~5指末节套状撕脱皮肤缺损。     

双侧多个足趾移植修复全手或多手指缺损

目的 评价应用双侧多个足趾移植修复全手或多手指缺损的临床疗效.方法 临床应用102例,手术方法有4种:①利用双侧第二足趾移植再造拇、手指86例;②一侧甲瓣再造拇指,另一侧第二足趾再造手指11例;③一侧甲瓣与第二足趾再造拇指和示指,另一侧第二足趾移植再造中指8例;④双侧甲瓣与第二足趾移植再造双侧拇指与示指1例. 结果 102例中除1例部分甲瓣坏死,2例第二足趾坏死,其余全部成活.62例获得1年以上的随访.再造拇手指两点辨别觉达8～14mm.小儿移植手指生长与足趾同步.所有的随访病例中除1例不能作对掌对指功能外,余全部恢复.供区:所有病例无跛行,无外翻发生. 结论 对于多手指或全手缺损,应用双侧足部多个足趾再造手指,对足部供区外形和创伤较小,手部可获得最大功能恢复.     

第2趾甲皮瓣及足背皮瓣修复全指脱套伤

目的探讨第2趾甲皮瓣及足背皮瓣修复全指皮肤脱套伤的临床效果。方法对23例26指（食、中指）全指皮肤脱套伤,采用第2趾甲皮瓣及足背皮瓣进行修复,皮瓣切取面积最大11．5cm×12．0cm,最小8．0cm×10．0cm。结果术后皮瓣全部成活,随访10-24个月,平均12．4个月,伤指外形及屈伸功能均满意,两点辨别觉为5-8mm。结论采用第2趾甲皮瓣及足背皮瓣修复全指皮肤脱套伤,可最大限度地恢复伤指的外形和功能。     

Free great toe wrap-around flap combined with second toe medial flap for reconstruction of completely degloved fingers

Surgical procedure of great toe wrap-around flap combined with second toe medial flap free transfer for reconstructing completely degloved fingers was introduced. The treatment outcomes were evaluated. 10 fingers in 7 cases were involved in this series. The great toe wrap-around flap with dorsalis pedis skin covered the dorsal and most palmar side of the injured finger. The second toe medial flap covered the proximal palmar portion of the finger. The combined flap was revascularized with nerve repair. Rehabilitation started two weeks postoperatively. All flaps survived except one was partial failure due to distal phalange necrosis. Recipient areas achieved primary wound healing in 9 fingers. Skin graft at donor site achieved primary survival except delayed healing in one case. All patients were followed-up from 34 to 76 months. The appearance of reconstructed fingers was satisfactory. Nail growth well except that one nail was the atrophic and another was defect. Range of active motion in the metacarpophalangeal joint was from 60° to 80° and the proximal interphalange joint was 40° to 70°. Two-point discrimination was between 8 mm and 12 mm. All patients walked with no interference. There was no pain and no swelling at donor site. According to the results, this procedure is recommended to reconstruct total degolving finger which has intact phalanges and tendons.     

足趾移植拇指与手指再造的临床研究

目的探讨足趾移植拇指与手指再造的方法和疗效。方法采用部分坶趾移植拇指部分再造22例,躅甲瓣或带足背皮瓣船甲瓣移植拇指再造13例,第2足趾移植再造拇指4例,再造手指3例,及带足背皮瓣的第2足趾移植再造拇指7例,带足背皮瓣的第2,3足趾移植再造手指7例,带足背皮瓣的躅甲瓣或第2趾和第2,3趾组合移植再造拇手指10例,双足第2足趾移植全手缺失二指再造2例,共68例97指。结果再造拇手指和皮瓣全部成活,成活率为100％,术后经3月～10年的随访和信访,按中华医学会手外科学会拇、手指再造功能评定试用标准评定：优62指,良24指,可9指,差2指,优良率达88．66％。结论采用部棚趾、第2足趾棚甲瓣移植再造拇手指,带足背皮瓣的躅甲瓣、第2趾或第2,3趾组合移植行合并手部皮肤缺损的拇手指再造,效果满意。     

Aesthetic reconstruction of thumb or finger partial defect with trimmed toe-flap transfer

A new concept of esthetic reconstruction for partial loss of distal finger segment was introduced. In a series of 77 patients, 80 thumb or finger partial defects of lateral, dorsal, or volar half, or composite tissue defect of the finger body were reconstructed with lateral skin-nail flap, dorsal skin-nail flap, pulp flap, or composite tissue transplant taken from corresponding part of the toes. The blood circulations were reestablished by anastomosing digit arteries of the toe transplants and fingers. Seventy-eight fingers in 75 patients of this series were successfully reconstructed. The overall survival rate was 97.5%. Follow-up examinations made half to 12 years postoperatively showed normal length, outward appearance, and function of the reconstructed digits. Their nails are preserved or reconstructed. The pulps are full. Sweating is present. 2-PD was 4-6 mm. Esthetic reconstruction can achieve the goal of mending any part of tissue loss precisely with good result.     

Combined great toe dorsal nail-skin flap and medial plantar flap for one-stage reconstruction of degloved finger

BackgroundHistorically, the degloved finger with the total loss of nail and skin had been resurfaced with an expanded great toe wrap-around flap transfer for better outcomes. The purpose of this study aims to present our experience with a related modified design, with total preservation of a weight-bearing plantar skin.MethodFrom April 2016 to September 2019, nine fingers (5 index and 4 middle fingers) in nine cases, with skin loss to the base of the proximal phalangeal or metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint level, were reconstructed with combined great toe dorsal nail-skin flap and medial plantar artery perforator (MPAP) flap. The dorsal great toe donor was covered with a thin groin flap, and the medial plantar site was covered with a full-thickness skin graft. The cutaneous nerves were preserved within both flaps. Standardized assessment of outcome in terms of sensory, functional, and esthetic performance of the reconstructed fingers was completed.ResultsFlap survival was achieved in all cases. The contour of the reconstructed digits was comparable with the contralateral one. The fingers were available for a mean follow-up of 28 months (ranged, 22-39 months). The mean dimension of the great toe dorsal nail-skin flap was 8.5 × 4.0 cm (ranged, 6.5 × 3.5-11.0 × 4.5 cm). The average size of the MPAP flap was 6.5 × 4.5 cm (ranged, 5.0 × 3.5-8.0 × 5.5 cm). At the last follow-up, the functional and aesthetic consequences were satisfactory, as well as the restored sensory.ConclusionReconstruction of degloved fingers with the great toe dorsal nail-skin flap combined MPAP flap, preserving a plantar weight-bearing area, results in excellent contour and functional outcome. Donor-site morbidity in the foot was minimal.     

双足第二趾移植再造多手指缺损的疗效分析

目的研究双足第二趾移植再造多手指缺损的疗效分析及术后对足部功能及外观的影响。方法根据患者手指缺损情况,选择双足第二趾移植再造,其中再造食指和中指缺损10例,再造拇指与食指缺损9例,再造中指与环指缺损1例,共20例40指。结果 19例再造指全部成活,1例再造坏死1指,再造指经3~24个月随访,平均13个月,再造指痛温觉恢复,两点辨别距离在10~12 mm间,双侧供足外观对称,行走无疼痛,步态正常。结论双足第二趾移植是修复多手指缺损的理想修复方法,且对足部外观及功能影响较小,在多指再造中双足第二趾移植是较为理想的选择。