Histochemical study of myocardial metabolism in experimental massive pulmonary embolism

The period immediately following massive pulmonary embolism largely determines its further course, that is, whether compensation will occur or whether heart failure will ensue. Prognostically favorable or unfavorable histochemical characteristics of myocardial metabolism during this period are revealed in this study. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 12, pp. 647–650, December, 1995 Presented by V. S. Savel'ev, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Time course of the content of cellular elements in the peritoneal exudate of BALB/c mice infected with coxsackievirus A13

Coxsackievirus A13 is shown to suppress macrophage exudation into the peritoneal cavity of adult male BALB/c mice. The influence of the infection on the counts of lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes is less expressed. The detected changes are regarded as a manifestation of the immunomodulating action of coxsackievirus A13 infection. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 7, pp. 75–77, July, 1995 Presented by V. P. Kaznacheev, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Comparative Use of 2,7-dichlorofluorescin diacetate,dihydrorhodamine 123, and hydroethidine to study oxidative metabolism in phagocytic cells

Tests carried out with model systems to assess the sensitivity of 2,7-dichlorofluorescin diacetate, dihydrorhodamine 123, and hydroethidine to the reactive oxygen species generated in these systems showed that all three fluorochromes are sensitive to hydroxyl and superoxide radicals and to hypochlorite ions and less sensitive to hydrogen peroxide. They do not react with singlet oxygen. Hydroethidine reacts with superoxide radicals in the 1∶1 molar ratio. The relative proportions of reactive oxygen species generated extra- and intracellularly were estimated for phorbol myristate acetate-stimulated peritoneal and alveolar rat macrophages and for polymorphonuclear leukocytes from the blood of healthy donors. In activated leukocytes of different types, intracellular generation accounted for approximately 20% of the total reactive oxygen species produced. Intracellular production of these species was found to show considerable cyanide sensitivity, which indicates that cyanide-resistant NADPH oxidase located in the plasma membrane is not implicated in the generation of reactive oxygen species. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 4, pp. 361–365, April, 1995     

Status of adrenergic nerve supply to the ventricular myocardia in experimentally produced massive pulmonary embolism

The production of massive pulmonary embolism in dogs initially results in elevated norepinephrine levels in the stellate ganglion and ventricular myocardia. Six hours after its onset, destructive changes in the stellate ganglion nerve cells are more pronounced than at 1 h and their functional activity is decreased, as are norepinephrine levels in the adrenergic neurons and their terminals. A characteristic feature of compensated massive pulmonary embolism is the presence of many neurons showing pronounced hyperchromatosis and pyknomorphic shrinkage. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N^no 10, pp. 368–373, October, 1994 Presented by V. S. Savel'ev. Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of cytochrome C and its derivatives on the circulation and oxidative metabolism of the ischemized brain

The effects of animal and biotechnological cytochrome C and its hemtetradecapeptide in a heme-isomolar dose on the cerebral bloodflow, oxygen and glucose consumption, and pH of the ischemized brain were studied in cat experiments. Cytochrome of both types and hemtetradecapeptide increased the consumption of oxygen and glucose by ischemized brain tissue and somewhat reduced the development of acidosis. The shifts of oxidative metabolism parameters of the ischemized brain correlated with inhibition of the development of postischemic hypoperfusion of the brain. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 12, pp. 640–642, December, 1995 Presented by P. V. Sergeev, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Regulatory activity of Kupffer cells in acute blood loss

The scavenger function of Kupffer cells and the erythropoietinlike, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating, and leukocyte- and lymphocyte-stimulating activities of extracts of Kupffer cells obtained before and at different times after acute massive blood loss were experimentally evaluated on mice. Extracts of Kupffer cells from normal mice are shown to exhibit all types of the studied activities. Acute blood loss reduces the scavenger function of Kupffer cells during the first few hours, especially erythropoietinlike activity. The activities return to normal levels 5 days after blood loss and, after a relatively stable period, they rise again to the end of the recovery period. This is accompanied by an increase in the number of phagocytizing cells and is evidently related to the renewal of their population. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 3, pp. 258–261, March, 1995 Presented by V. P. Kaznacheev, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Functional activity of human leukocytes exposed to a hypotonic medium

This study, in which zymosan-stimulated luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of leukocytes was used to examine the osmotic resistance and functional activity of peripheral blood leukocytes from 23 patients with purulent septic lesions and 11 healthy donors before and after exposure of these cells to a hypotonic medium (0.45% NaCl), showed that this medium stimulated their spontaneous chemiluminescence while reducting their reserve capacities. The effects of the hypotonic medium on cells from the patients were more strongly marked. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 7, pp. 93–94, July, 1994 Presented by D. S. Sarkisov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Adaptation of the membrane receptor apparatus of blood cells after the combined use of cryodestruction and plasma beam in experimental cirrhosis of the liver

It is shown that cryodestruction combined with resection with a plasma beam aggravates alterations of the functions of the blood cell receptor complex affected by cirrhosis, leading to hypoinsulinemia, inhibited capacity of cells to utilize glucose, a lowered metabolic activity of insulin receptors, and other changes. Three weeks after surgery the energy metabolism of the blood cells returns to the normal level, while the activity of insulin receptors and of hexokinase exceeds the control level. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 6, pp. 647–650, June, 1995 Presented by V. N. Yarygin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Response to airway phagocytes to lung damage before and after strenuous physical exercise

Quantitative ratios between alveolar polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PML) and macrophages and the ingesting and reducing potentials of these phagocytic cells were studied after lung damage in unstressed mice and mice that had just been stressed by strenuous physical exercise (swimming for 60 min). Three days after the lung damage induced in unstressed mice by AgNO₃ (0.1 ml instilled intratracheally), PML numbers in the airway lumens were significantly increased, while the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples taken on day 14 after lung damage indicated intensified macrophage activity. In the mice instilled with AgNO₃ immediately after being stressed, the recruitment of PML and macrophages to the lungs was markedly decreased, although the percentage of macrophages reducing nitro blue tetrazolium had significantly increased. That the lungs of stressed mice sustained less injury than those of unstressed animals was indicated by the finding that lactate dehydrogenase activity in the cell-free fraction of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was less damaged in response to intratracheal instillation of the destructive agent. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 6, pp. 593–596, June, 1995 Presented by V. P. Kaznacheev, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effects of diuretics on the intensity of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection of blood plasma

An increase in the content of primary and final lipid peroxidation (LPO) products and a decrease in the fat- and water-soluble antioxidants in blood plasma are revealed in a study of hypohydration induced by administration of 40 mg furosemide alone or in combination with 1 tablet of triampure. Intensification of free radical processes in states simulating weightlessness may be related to the loss of fluid due to transformation of water-electrolyte metabolism. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 5, pp. 478–479, May, 1994 Presented by V. N. Smirnov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

The mechanism of pulmonary hypertension in rats with high-altitude hypoxia

Morphofunctional examinations of the lungs of rats exposed to high-altitude conditions for 3 to 300 days revealed that systolic pulmonary hypertension observed during the entire period of study is caused by a total increase of the elastic resistance of pulmonary arteries. Adequate bloodflow in such a case is provided by intensive work of the right-ventricular myocardium against this resistance. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 3, pp. 324–327, March, 1996 Presented by V. A. Trufakin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Leukocyte kinetics in the blood of mice with alloxan-induced diabetes

An autoradiographic kinetic study of neutrophilic leukocytes, monocytes, and lymphocytes from the peripheral blood of male BALB/c mice with subacute diabetes induced by alloxan showed that the diabetes was accompanied by moderate neutrophilic leukocytosis, monocytopenia, depressed monocytopoiesis, prolonged circulation times of neutrophils and monocytes, and a shortened circulation time of lymphocytes. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 7, pp. 33–35, July, 1995 Presented by M. A. Medvedev, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences.     

Granulomatous inflammation of the liver in mice with gadolinium chloride-blocked Kupffer cells

(CBA×C57B1/6) F₁ mice injected with zymosan intravenously developed granulomas in the liver; the number of granulomas in mice pretreated with gadolinium chloride, a selective blocker of Kupffer cells, was half that in the untreated animals. Kupffer cells isolated from the liver 5 days after zymosan injection, i.e., during the period when granuloma generation was at its height, displayed a high capacity for stimulating both the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of blood leukocytes (which is associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species) and the colony-forming activity of bone marrow cells; this capacity was much lower in mice pretreated with gadolinium chloride. It is shown that granulomatous inflammation of the liver is directly dependent on the activity of Kupffer cells. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 10, pp. 366–369, October, 1995 Presented by V. P. Kaznacheev, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of the organophosphorus compound anthio on the pulmonary and systemic circulation of non-narcotized cats

Experiments on cats demonstrate the capacity of alert animals to compensate for disorders in pulmonary and systemic hemodynamics caused by organophosphorus compounds. Heart rate, systemic arterial pressure, and total peripheral resistance completely normalize on day 3 after exposure. Pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary blood pressure remain negligibly increased. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 3, pp. 276–279, March, 1995 Presented by N. A. Agadzhanyan, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Responses of microvasculature in the paired cheek pouches of hamsters to blood loss and blood substitution

Comparison of arteriolar and venular responses in the left and right cheek pouches of hamsters to blood loss and blood substitution showed that blood loss led to a greater constriction of arterioles and venules in the right pouch than in the left and that blood substitution decreased arteriolar constriction and restored venular size in the right pouch, but resulted in a more marked constriction of both arterioles and venules in the left pouch. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 1, pp. 30–32, January, 1996 Presented by V. V. Kupriyanov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of hemodilution and hemoconcentration on postischemic alterations of microvessels in rabbit paired auricles

Morphometric parameters of microvessels in paired rabbit ears and blood sampled from the internal vein were studied after ischemia reproduced under conditions of prior hemodilution and hemoconcentration. In hemodilution the postischemic alterations were found to be more pronounced in microvessels of the left ear, while for the right the same was true for rheological characteristics of the outflowing blood. Under conditions of hemoconcentration after ischemia the changes in rheological indexes were more marked on the left and in vasomotor indexes on the right. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 3, pp. 352–354, March, 1996 Presented by V. V. Kupriyanov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Assessment of theIn Vivo metabolic effect of exogenous lactate dehydrogenase

Active realization of 2-oxoglutarate, malate, and oxaloacetate is observed after administration of lactate dehydrogenase. The levels of transamination and urea formation are within the normal range. By its targeting of oxidative metabolism, lactate dehydrogenase may be regarded as a biogenic factor correcting the glycolytic processes. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 5, pp. 480–481, May, 1994 Presented by T. T. Berezov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of extracorporeal blood treatment with an ozone-oxygen mixture on pulmonary functions in healthy dogs and dogs with shock lungs

Extracorporeal blood treatment with an ozone-oxygen mixture increased the efficacy of pulmonary ventilation and improved gas exchange, blood oxygenation in the pulmonary circulation, and the microcirculation in peripheral tissues in intact dogs and dogs with experimentally produced shock lung. This procedure activated glycogenolysis, glycolysis, and metabolic processes in the lung tissue (in particular, the uptake of palmitate from the blood by the lungs was increased in intact dogs, as was the uptake of lactate and pyruvate in dogs with shock lung), and it also raised blood levels of molecular lipid peroxidation products in dogs of both groups. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 3, pp. 266–269, March, 1995 Presented by B. A. Korolev, Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences     

Effect of a static magnetic field on the growth rate andin vitro angiogenesis of endothelial cells

It is shown that a static magnetic field accelerates the growth rate of endothelial cells from the bovine pulmonary artery, but has no effect on the attachment and growth of cells from the human umbilical vein. A static magnetic field markedly stimulates the differentiation of endotheliocytes from the human umbilical vein to capillary-like structures. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 1, pp. 106–108, January, 1994 Presented by V. N. Smirnov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Androstenedione conversion in human peripheral blood lymphocytes

The ability of human peripheral blood lymphocytes to convert the androgenic steroid metabolite androstenedione diminishes in women over 45 years old or during menopause. In patients with breast cancer in menopause the ability of lymphocytes to convert androstenedione is enhanced compared with the control. The intensity of conversion in circulating lymphocytes correlates with the blood concentration of sex steroids. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 5, pp. 517–519, May, 1994 Presented by A. N. Klimov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences