96例乳腺癌患者放射性核素全身显像分析

探讨乳腺癌的转移规律，评价临床分期及病理类型骨转移的关系。方法对９６例乳腺癌术后患者进行了放射核素全身骨显像。结果骨转移５５例，其中多发性骨转移４４例，骨转移的部位以肋骨为多见，其次是脊柱，骨盆。结论Ⅰ－Ⅳ期乳腺癌的骨转移的发生率呈明显增高趋势；常见的单纯癌骨转移率高于浸润性导管癌。     

乳腺癌骨转移与临床分期和病理类型关系

本文对754例乳腺癌患者进行全身骨骼显像，阳性率28．8％，骨转移以胸廓诸骨、腰椎、骨盆诸骨为多，Ⅰ—Ⅳ期骨转移率呈明显增高趋势。Ⅰ、Ⅱ期654例乳腺癌骨转移率浸润性癌高于特殊类型癌。     

影响乳腺癌远期生存率相关因素分析

目的 探讨影响综合治疗乳腺癌远期自下而上率的相关因素。方法 对１９８９～１９９０年综合治疗的８３例乳腺癌作５,１０ａ生存率分析,通过统计学处理判断手术时间、病理分型、腋窝淋巴结转移、临床分期、治疗方式对生存率的影响。结果 Ⅰ期２例,Ⅱ期４８例,Ⅲ期３０例,Ⅳ期３例,各期的１０ａ生存率分别为１００％,４９％,４８％,０％。病理组织学分类;单纯癌３５例,导管内癌２８例,导管浸润癌１８例,乳头状腺癌２例     

鼻咽癌骨转移核素显像分析

目的：探讨鼻咽癌骨转移喷射有显像的特点及规律。方法：选择６１例鼻咽癌患者做全身骨核素显像。结果：６１例鼻咽癌患者中有３９例骨显像异常，结合临床及Ｘ线诊断为骨转移，骨转移的发生率为６３．９％，临床Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ期的发生率分别是０、４１．７％、５７．７％、８６．４％。３９例骨转移患者中３６例多发病灶（占９２．３％），３例为单发病灶（占７．７％）。骨转移的部位以脊柱为多见，其余依次为胸部、骨盆、肢体和颅     

乳腺癌骨转移64例临床治疗分析

乳腺癌易发生骨转移 ,一旦出现骨转移 ,常引起疼痛、功能活动障碍 ,严重影响患者的生活质量。为了探讨乳腺癌骨转移的有关因素、骨转移的治疗及预后 ,笔者对本院 1997年1月～ 1999年 12月收治的 6 4例乳腺癌骨转移患者进行回顾性分析与总结 ,结果报告如下。1　临床资料1.1　一般资料　 6 4例患者均为女性 ,年龄 4 5± 2岁 (32～ 6 5岁 )。按 1997年 U ICC的乳腺癌分期 , 期 4例 , 期 2 4例 , 期 2 6例 , 期 10例 ;腋下淋巴结转移率 75 % (4 8/6 4 )。病理类型 :浸润性导管癌 30例 ,单纯癌 8例 ,腺癌 8例 ,浸润性小叶癌 4例 ,粘液腺癌 4例 …     

乳腺癌术后胸壁复发病人的治疗

乳腺癌是女性常见恶性肿瘤之一,近年来发病率呈上升趋势、乳腺癌根治术后约１０％－３０％的患者发生胸壁复发及区域淋巴结转移［１］,影响患者的生存率。本组对６７例胸壁复发及区域淋巴结转移的患者分别予以单纯放疗及放疗加化疗、内分泌综合治疗,并进行对照分析,临床资料一、收集１９９０－１９９５年女性乳腺癌术后胸壁复发及区域淋巴结转移病例６７冽,并作３年以上随访根据国际抗癌联盟（ＣＥＣＣ）临床分期标准进行分期：Ⅰ期６例,Ⅱ期４７例,Ⅲ期１４例一年龄２６、６５岁,平均４５．５岁。病理分类：单纯癌引例,浸润性导管…     

乳腺癌病理分型与超声分型关系的研究

目的探讨乳腺癌病理组织学分型与超声分型的关系及其临床意义。方法对107例乳腺癌患者的病理分型并与术前彩色多普勒超声声像图进行分型对照,分析各型超声特点及其与病理诊断符合率。结果107例乳腺癌患者中超声发现局灶性病变103例,根据声像图表现分为5型：Ⅰ型（团块型）79例,病理为浸润性癌77例（97．47％）,早期浸润性癌2例,超声与病理诊断符合率为97．47％;Ⅱ型（结节型）11例,病理为浸润性癌9例,早期浸润性癌1例和原住癌1例,超声与病理诊断符合10例（90．9％）;Ⅲ型（导管型）6例,病理为浸润性导管癌4例,原位癌2例,超声与病理诊断符合3例（50％）;Ⅰ型与Ⅱ型、Ⅱ型与Ⅲ型超声与病理诊断符合率比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;Ⅳ型（囊样型）2例,病理诊断为原位癌1例,浸润性导管癌1例,超声与病理诊断符合2例;V型（弥漫型）3例,病理诊断早期浸润性癌1例,浸润性导管癌2例,超声与病理诊断符合2例。余2例超声未见局灶性病变未予分型。107例乳腺癌超声与术后病理符合率为90．65％（97／107）。超声对乳腺癌病灶内微小钙化灶显示率为39．25％（42／107）,其中以导管型居多（3／6）。结论乳腺癌的病理分型与超声分型密切相关;导管型声像图为乳腺癌的不典型声像之一。微小钙化灶是超声诊断导管型乳腺癌的重要征象。     

青年乳腺癌132例临床及病理分析

目的：探讨青年乳腺癌的临床及病理特点。方法：分析了1984年1月至1999年3月收治的35岁以下青年乳腺癌病人的临床资料。结果：132例中，病程最短者为3日，最长者为120月，其中1个月以内者28例，3个月以内者27例，6个月内者28例，12个月内者29例，24个月内者11例，24个月以上者9例，病程1年以内者占85．0％，平均10．1月；病期0期4例，Ⅰ期17例，Ⅱ期74例，Ⅲ期32例，Ⅳ期5例；病理分型以浸润性癌为主，占96．2％，其中浸润性导管癌为31．1％，单纯癌为56．8％，69例有腋下淋巴结转移，占52．3％，有8例为妊娠、哺乳期患者；132例全部行手术治疗，获随访107例，术后3年生存率为86．6％，5年生存率为77．3％。结论：青年乳腺癌病程较长，浸润性癌为主，淋巴转移率高以及合并妊娠、哺乳、肿瘤分期晚，预后不良是其特点。     

300例乳腺癌三种性激素受体的检测和分析

采用直接荧光组织化学法对３００例女性乳腺癌进行三种性激素受体（雌激素受体ＥＲ、孕激素受体ＰＲ、雄激素受体ＡＲ）检测，结果ＥＲ、ＰＲ、ＡＲ阳性率分别为６１．６％、３８．３％和２２％．ＰＲ与ＥＲ阳性一致率为９８．３％，而ＡＲ与ＥＲ阳性一致率仅为５７．６％．本组结果显示乳腺癌硬癌性激素受体（ＨＲ）状况与年龄、肿瘤大小、组织学分级及腋淋巴结转移之间无相关性．而通常预后较差的非特殊型浸润性导管癌、单纯癌和ＨＲ阳性率高于其它各型乳腺癌，差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０５）．对４０例腋淋巴结转移癌ＨＲ检测结果表明，转移癌ＨＲ状况绝大多数与原发癌一致。     

丝切蛋白-1在乳腺导管癌中的表达及意义

目的探讨丝切蛋白-1（eofilin-1,CFL-1）在乳腺导管癌中的表达及意义。方法应用高通量组织芯片技术建立组织芯片,采用免疫组织化学SP法检测69例乳腺癌旁组织、24例乳腺导管内癌组织、69例乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中CFL-1蛋白的表达情况。结果CFL-1蛋白在乳腺癌旁组织、乳腺导管内癌组织及乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中的阳性表达率逐渐升高,其阳性表达率依次为26．09％、62．50％、82．61％,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。在乳腺浸润性导管癌中,CFL-1蛋白高表达与肿瘤TNM分期和淋巴结转移有关（P〈0．05）,与患者年龄、肿瘤大小、病理分级无关（P〉0．05）。结论CFL-1表达增高可能在乳腺浸润性导管癌的发生、发展、侵袭和转移过程中起重要作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.