1.5T全心冠状动脉MR成像诊断冠状动脉狭窄的初步研究

MRI是冠状动脉无创性检查手段之一.早期采用双斜靶容积定位法进行分段采集,因定位复杂、不易推广.全心冠状动脉MR成像(whole-heart coronary magnetic resonance angiography,WH CMRA)克服了定位复杂的缺点,但其诊断冠状动脉狭窄的准确性国内报道较少.笔者结合47例患者资料,评价WH CMRA在诊断冠状动脉狭窄方面的价值和限度.     

1.5T全心冠状动脉MR成像诊断冠状动脉狭窄的初步研究

MRI是冠状动脉无创性检查手段之一.早期采用双斜靶容积定位法进行分段采集,因定位复杂、不易推广.全心冠状动脉MR成像(whole-heart coronary magnetic resonance angiography,WH CMRA)克服了定位复杂的缺点,但其诊断冠状动脉狭窄的准确性国内报道较少.笔者结合47例患者资料,评价WH CMRA在诊断冠状动脉狭窄方面的价值和限度.     

3.0 T非增强全心冠状动脉MR成像评价冠状动脉狭窄的初步研究

目的 评价3.0T非增强全心冠状动脉MR血管成像(CMRA)诊断冠状动脉狭窄的临床价值.方法 对33例冠状动脉CT血管成像(CCTA)诊断冠状动脉有意义狭窄(＞50％)且拟行冠状动脉造影(CAG)的患者行冠状动脉MR血管成像(CMRA)检查.应用3.0T扫描仪及32通道成像线圈,采用非对比增强、心电门控触发、呼吸导航、T2预置脉冲以及脂肪抑制的三维梯度回波序列.利用美托洛尔降低心率至＜ 80次/min.采用配对样本Wilcoxon秩检验分析CMRA及CCTA在冠状动脉近中段及远段评分的差异性.以CAG结果为金标准,评价CMRA诊断冠状动脉近中段＞50％狭窄的准确性以及与CCTA的一致性.结果 33例患者中30例成功完成CMRA扫描,CMRA及CCTA 在冠状动脉近中段的评分相近[CMRA:(3.49±0.61)分,CCTA:(3.56±0.55)分,Z=-1.715,P＞0.05],CCTA评价冠状动脉远段明显优于CMRA[CMRA:(2.44±0.76)分,CCTA:(3.23±0.60)分,Z=-6.159,P＜0.05].CMRA及CCTA在以段为基础诊断冠状动脉近中段＞50％狭窄的一致性良好(Kappa=0.779,P＜0.05).CMRA诊断的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值分别为84.1％ (37/44)、85.8％ (115/134)、66.1％(37/56)、94.3％ (115/122),CCTA分别为88.6％ (39/44)、89.6％ (120/134)、73.6％ (39/53)、96.0％ (120/125).结论 3.0T非增强全心CMRA及CCTA诊断冠状动脉近中段狭窄的准确性相似,但CMRA诊断冠状动脉远段的狭窄需进一步深入研究.     

对比增强磁共振冠状动脉成像对冠状动脉狭窄的诊断效能分析

目的探讨对比增强磁共振冠状动脉成像(CE CMRA)诊断冠状动脉明显狭窄(≥50%)的临床应用价值。资料与方法 21例疑似冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病患者与23名自愿者分别行CE CMRA及不使用对比剂磁共振冠状动脉成像(CMRA),经Soap-Bubble软件重组后处理获得左、右冠状动脉图像,比较其血管锐利度差异;其中行CE CMRA患者与其选择性冠状动脉造影(CAG)检查对照,按冠状动脉解剖节段进行配对比较,评价CE CM-RA对冠状动脉明显狭窄的诊断效能。结果 CE CMRA与CMRA分别获得20例、22例有效图像数据;CE CMRA与CMRA的冠状动脉血管锐利度分别为:RCA(63±12)%、(55±10)%;LCA(LM+LAD)(57±12)%、(47±16)%;LCX(47±13)%、(37±16)%;两者间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。以CAG为参照标准,CE CMRA诊断冠状动脉明显狭窄的敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为79.3%、91.6%、89.4%,阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为67.6%和95.2%。结论 CE CMRA可定性评价冠状动脉明显狭窄,尤其适用于冠状动脉明显狭窄的排除性诊断,...     

32通道线圈在3.0 T MR对比增强全心冠状动脉成像中的初步应用

目的 评价32通道线圈高并行采集加速3.0 T MR对比增强全心冠状动脉成像(CECMRA)技术的临床应用价值.方法 对拟诊冠心病的60例患者进行32通道线圈3.0 T CE CMRA检查,成像采用心电门控、呼吸导航、扰相位梯度回波序列,加用非选择性反转回波抑制心肌信号,TT为200 ms.以全心覆盖和并行采集方式获取图像数据.增强扫描采用钆贝葡胺(Gd-BOPTA,0.15 mmoL/kg)慢速静脉注射(0.3 ml/s).以X线冠状动脉造影结果作为参考标准,采用四格表χ2检验,评价CE CMRA诊断冠状动脉≥50%狭窄的诊断准确性.结果 60例患者中56例成功完成3.0 T CE CMRA,平均扫描时间为(6.0±1.3)min.CE CMRA在28例患者正确检出至少1个有意义狭窄,其诊断敏感性为93.3%.在26例CAG除外冠心病的患者中,CMRA正确排除了23例,其诊断特异性为88.5%.结论 应用32通道相控阵线圈行高并行采集加速3.0 T CE CMRA检查,可以在减少对比剂用量的同时缩短扫描时间,提高诊断准确性.     

3.0 T非增强Dixon水脂分离压缩感知冠状动脉MR血管成像诊断冠状动脉狭窄的效能研究

目的评估3.0 T非增强Dixon水脂分离压缩感知(CS-SENSE)全心冠状动脉MR血管成像(CMRA)在可疑冠心病患者中的诊断效能。方法 2021年3月至9月, 前瞻性纳入复旦大学附属中山医院53例拟行X线冠状动脉造影(CAG)的患者进行CMRA检查。非增强CMRA检查采用3.0 T MR成像仪, 采用Dixon水脂分离联合CS-SENSE技术。以CAG为参考标准, 评估CMRA基于患者、血管及节段水平检测显著性冠状动脉狭窄(管腔直径减少≥50%)的准确度, 并计算ROC曲线下面积。结果在53例受试者中, 有46例(86.8%)成功采集了全心CMRA图像, 成像时间为(7.8±1.8)min。在基于患者的分析中, 3.0 T非增强Dixon水脂分离CS-SENSE全心CMRA诊断显著冠状动脉狭窄的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确度分别为95.8%(95%CI 78.9%～99.9%)、81.8%(95%CI 59.7%～94.8%)、85.2%(95%CI 66.3%～95.8%)、94.7%(95%CI 74.0%～99.9%)和89.1%(95%CI 76.4%～9...     

屏气三维快速平衡稳态进动序列对冠状动脉狭窄的诊断效能

目的以普通冠状动脉导管造影为参照,评价屏气三维快速平衡稳态进动(FIESTA)序列对冠状动脉狭窄的显示效能。方法连续33例患者在冠状动脉导管造影检查的3周内接受冠状动脉MR血管成像(CMRA)检查,将冠状动脉狭窄划分成0%、0%~25%、25%~50%、50%~75%,75%~100%共5个级别,对两者判断的结果逐段进行比较。结果CMRA对区分>50%和<50%狭窄的准确度、敏感度和特异度分别为843%、848%和841%,阴性预测值为923%;对区分50%~75%与75%~100%狭窄的准确度、敏感度和特异度均为615%。结论屏气三维FIESTA冠状动脉成像序列对具有血流动力学意义狭窄的排除具有一定的实用价值,但是更细致的分级受限。     

3.0T MR冠状动脉成像技术的初步研究

目的 探讨利用T2准备快速场回波(T2-TFE)序列进行3.0T冠状动脉MR成像(CMRA)技术的可行性.方法 采用三维T2-TFE序列在3.0T MR 成像设备上对33例研究对象进行CMRA检查,同时采用心电触发及呼吸导航回波技术,扫描获得的图像进行MIP和Soap Bubble软件重建.对图像质量进行评价并测量冠状动脉各主要分支的长度.结果 128支冠状动脉分支中达到Ⅲ级以上的有115支可以满足影像学诊断.各冠状动脉主 要分支的长度测量为LM (12.0±3.8) mm,LAD (79.4±18.9) mm,LCX (60.0±12.7) mm,RCA (110.7±27.2) mm.结论 在3.0T 设备上应用T2-TFE序列获得的冠状动脉影像具有较高SNR、CNR,图像质量基本可以满足影像学诊断需要.     

40层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影诊断冠状动脉狭窄

目的:评价40层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影诊断冠状动脉明显狭窄的准确性和可行性.材料和方法:78例疑似冠心病患者在3周内进行40层CT冠状动脉造影及经皮选择性冠状动脉造影,以冠状动脉造影结果为金标准对照40层CT诊断冠状动脉主干及主要分支狭窄的准确性.结果:40层螺旋CT所显示的786支冠状动脉中狭窄61处,确诊52处、漏诊3处和误诊9处;敏感性94.5%,特异性98.7%;阳性预测值85.2%和阴性预测值99.5%.结论:40层螺旋CT对冠状动脉狭窄诊断有较高的准确性,可作为诊断冠状动脉狭窄的一种筛选手段.     

非对比冠状动脉MR血管成像研究进展

冠心病在我国是多发且最常见的致死性疾病。非对比增强冠状动脉MRA(CMRA)作为一种安全有效的无创、无对比剂、无辐射及多参数成像的冠状动脉成像技术, 逐渐应用于临床和科研工作中。本文回顾总结非对比增强CMRA临床应用现状及优势, 阐述CMRA当前技术现状, 介绍CMRA目前研究的技术热点, 主要讨论采集加速技术、填充方式、运动校正等方法, 同时展望CMRA在冠状动脉高分辨率、冠状动脉管腔及血管壁和其生理量化研究的主要进展。     

Non-invasive assessment of coronary artery geometry using coronary CTA

AimTo assess the association of coronary artery geometry with the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD).Methods73 asymptomatic individuals at increased risk of CAD due to peripheral vascular disease (18 women, mean age 63.5 ± 8.2 years) underwent coronary computed tomography angiography (coronary CTA) using first generation dual-source CT. Curvature and tortuosity of the coronary arteries were quantified using semi-automatically generated centerlines. Measurements were performed for individual segments and for the entire artery. Coronary segments were labeled according to the presence of significant stenosis, defined as >70% luminal narrowing, and the presence of plaque. Comparisons were made by segment and by artery, using linear mixed models.ResultsOverall, median curvature and tortuosity were, respectively, 0.094 [0.071; 0.120] and 1.080 [1.040; 1.120] on a per-segment level, and 0.096 [0.078; 0.118] and 1.175 [1.090; 1.420] on a per-artery level. Curvature was associated with significant stenosis at a per-segment (p < 0.001) and per-artery level (p = 0.002). Curvature was 16.7% higher for segments with stenosis, and 13.8% higher for arteries with stenosis. Tortuosity was associated with significant stenosis only at the per-segment level (p = 0.002). Curvature was related to the presence of plaque at the per-segment (p < 0.001) and per-artery level (p < 0.001), tortuosity was only related to plaque at the per-segment level (p < 0.001).ConclusionCoronary artery geometry as derived from coronary CTA is related to the presence of plaque and significant stenosis.     

Influence of coronary dominance on coronary artery calcification burden

ObjectiveTo evaluate the influence of coronary artery dominance on observed coronary artery calcification burden in outpatients presenting for coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA).MethodsA 12-month retrospective review was performed of all CCTAs at a single institution. Coronary arterial dominance, Agatston score and presence or absence of cardiovascular risk factors including hypertension (HTN), hyperlipidemia (HLD), diabetes and smoking were recorded. Dominance groups were compared in terms of calcium score adjusted for covariates using analysis of covariance based on ranks. Only covariates observed to be significant independent predictors of the relevant outcome were included in each analysis. All statistical tests were conducted at the two-sided 5% significance level.Results1223 individuals, 618 women and 605 men were included, mean age 60 years (24–93 years). Right coronary dominance was observed in 91.7% (n = 1109), left dominance in 8% (n = 98), and codominance in 1.3% (n = 16). The distribution of patients among Agatston score severity categories significantly differed between codominant and left (p = 0.008), and codominant and right (p = 0.022) groups, with higher prevalence of either zero or severe CAC in the codominant patients. There was no significant difference in Agatston score between dominance groups. In the subset of individuals with coronary artery calcification, Agatston score was significantly higher in codominant versus left dominant patients (mean Agatston score 595 ± 520 vs. mean 289 ± 607, respectively; p = 0.049), with a trend towards higher scores in comparison to the right-dominant group (p = 0.093). Significance was not maintained upon adjustment for covariates.ConclusionsWhile the distribution of Agatston score severity categories differed in codominant versus right- or left-dominant patients, there was no significant difference in Agatston score based on coronary dominance pattern in our cohort. Reporting and inclusion of codominant subsets in larger investigations may elucidate whether codominant anatomy is associated with differing risk.     

冠心病患者冠状动脉侧支循环形成的形态学特点分析

目的:分析国人冠状动脉侧支循环的形态学特点。方法:将265例冠心病病人的冠状动脉造影结果进行分析,按Levin的方法进行分类,并与之比较。结果:不同狭窄程度两组间侧支循环开放率差别有高度统计学意义(X2=14.43,P<0.001)。三支血管间侧支循环开放率差别均有统计学意义(X2=3.96,X2=4.28,P<0.05)。东、西方组冠状动脉各支病变的侧支分布的比较差别有高度统计学意义(右冠状动脉X2=9.68,P<0.01;左冠状动脉X2=41.73,P<0.001;左冠状动脉旋支X2=8.54,P<0.01。结论:冠状动脉侧支循环的形成与冠状动脉狭窄程度及病变血管有关。中国人的冠状动脉侧支循环具有独特性。     

Small coronary vessel disease and sudden coronary death

In an attempt to determine the importance of atherosclerosis in medium-sized coronary arteries, the hearts of 20 patients dying of cardiac disease, within 24 hours of the onset of symptoms, were compared with 19 controls. Post-mortem coronary angiograms were performed and the coronary arteries dissected in detail. Severe stenoses, or complete occlusions, were present in 34 of 80 major coronary arteries in the sudden cardiac death (SCD) group and 5 of 76 in the controls. Medium-sized branch vessels were severely stenosed or occluded in 20.5 per cent (37 of 180 vessels) in the SCD group and 6.4 per cent (11 of 171 vessels) in the controls. Forty of the 48 diseased branch vessels arose from the left anterior descending artery. In the SCD group, 18 patients died from major coronary artery atheroma, one from hypertensive heart disease and only one from disease of a branch vessel. We conclude that, in most cases of SCD, careful macroscopic examination of the major coronary vessels will provide an adequate explanation for death. Detailed dissection of all medium-sized branch vessels is unlikely to be of value as a routine procedure but, at the very least, pathologists should identify and dissect the first septal and diagonal branches of the left anterior descending artery in every post-mortem.     

Relationship of epicardial fat volume to coronary plaque,severe coronary stenosis,and high-risk coronary plaque features assessed by coronary CT angiography

BackgroundAssociations of epicardial fat volume (EFV) measured on noncontrast cardiac CT (NCT) include coronary plaque, myocardial ischemia, and adverse cardiac events.ObjectivesThis study aimed to define the relationship of EFV to coronary plaque type, severe coronary stenosis, and the presence of high-risk plaque features (HRPFs).MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 402 consecutive patients, with no prior history of coronary artery disease, who underwent same day NCT and coronary CT angiography (CTA). EFV was measured on NCT with the use of validated, semiautomated software. The coronary arteries were evaluated for coronary plaque type (calcified [CP], noncalcified [NCP], or partially calcified [PCP]) and coronary stenosis severity ≥70% with the use of coronary CTA. For patients with NCP and PCP, 2 high-risk plaque features were evaluated: low-attenuation plaque and positive remodeling.ResultsThere were 402 patients with a median age of 66 years (range, 23–92 years) of whom 226 (56%) were men. The EFV was greater in patients with CP (112 ± 55 cm³ vs 89 ± 39 cm³), PCP (110 ± 57 cm³ vs 98 ± 45 cm³), and NCP (115 ± 44 cm³ vs EFV 100 ± 52 cm³). In the 192 patients with PCP or NCP, on multivariable analysis, after adjusting for conventional cardiovascular risk factors, EFV was an independent predictor of ≥70% coronary artery stenosis (odds ratio [OR], 3.0; 95% CI, 1.3–6.6; P = 0.008), any high-risk plaque features (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 0.9–3.4; P = 0.04), and low attention plaque (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.1–5.1; P = 0.02) but not of positive remodeling.ConclusionsEFV is greater in patients with CP, PCP, and NCP. In patients with NCP and PCP, EFV is significantly associated with severe coronary stenosis, high-risk plaque features, and low attenuation plaque.     

双源CT冠脉成像在冠脉狭窄诊断中的价值

价节段达到94.98%(625/658),图像优良率95.52%(597/625).DSCT诊断冠状动脉狭窄的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值及阴性预测值分别为91.8%、98.3%、94.4%、97.5%,其中对左主干、左前降支及右冠状动脉的敏感性及特异性达到95%,对角支、左回旋支分支及有冠状动脉远端的诊断敏感性有所下降,分别为86.0%、71.4%、76.9%.结论 在不控制心率的情况下,DSCT诊断冠脉狭窄安全可靠,可广泛用于冠心病患者的筛查、冠状动脉手术/支架术前评估及术后随访.