“象”与“像”的正确用法

全国科学技术名词审定委员会和国家语言文字工作委员会于2001年10月18日在中国科学院召开了“‘象’与‘像’用法研讨会”。会议对科技界“象”与“像”用法混乱的原因进行了认真分析，全国科技名词委和国家语委认为有必要再次对此二字的用法做出明确的界定。与会专家认为，‘象’是指自然界、人或物的形态、样子；‘像’是指用模仿、比照等方法制成的人或物的形象，也包括线经反射、折射而形成的与原物相同或相似的图景。‘象’与‘像’两字的语词搭配；象可组成现象、形象、印象、迹象、表象、物象、景象、天象、体象、危象、心象、构象、磁象、异极象、血象、分裂象、观象台、唯象系数、波粒二象性等。像可组成人像、画像、肖像、关像、虚像、镜像、图像、反像、逆像、倒像、阳像、电像、成像、影像、叠像、映像、双像、电像、音像、声像、摄像、视像、像元、像素、像幅、遗觉像、视宁像、网膜像、衍村像、孪生像、摄像机、像电流、像方焦点、显像、变像管、像增强器、求像作图法、凹凸反转像、像面全息术、双眼视像融合等。全国科技名词委在今后的工作中将执行上述意见，同时停止执行1990年的“意见”。     

药膳辅助治疗糖尿病

很多药食两用的食品对糖尿病有良好的辅助治疗保健作用,如燕麦、莜麦、小麦、麸皮、糯米、山药、薏苡仁、芡实、魔芋、豆类及豆制品、白木耳、黑木耳、黄花菜、竹笋、蘑菇、菠菜、白菜、韭菜、芹菜、包水湿不化,消渴饮水不止者。     

五色食物调和五脏 有助滋补身体

中医理论认为,五行是相生相克的,而天地有五行,人也有五行。其实,五行除代表我们熟知的五种物质,即金、木、水、火、土之外,也代表人体的心、肝、脾、肺、肾,相应的同时可引申出五色,即红、黄、绿、白、黑这五色。而有研究者指出,从理论和实践     

短暂性脑缺血发作进展至脑梗死的多因素分析

目的探讨短暂性脑缺血发作（TIA）进展至脑梗死的各种危险因素。方法采用单因素分析、多元逐步Logistic回归分析,比较51例TIA进展至脑梗死患者与同期住院治疗的50例未进展至脑梗死的TIA患者在性别、年龄、高血压病史、糖尿病史、冠心病史、卒中家族史、发作次数、吸烟史、饮酒史、高盐饮食习惯、入院时高血压（≥140/90mmHg）及脉压差（〈30mmHg）、入院时空腹高血糖（〉7mmoL/L）、胆固醇、甘油三酯、纤维蛋白原、入院时感染发热、病变所累及的脑血管系统、神经功能缺损程度、抑郁程度、颈动脉斑块有无差异。结果高血压病史、糖尿病史、颈动脉斑块、神经功能缺损评分、发作次数与TIA进展至脑梗死关系密切。结论TIA进展至脑梗死可能是多种因素、多种机制共同作用的结果。     

橘子好处多

橘子的营养成分 橘子的营养丰富,含蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、粗纤维、钙、磷、铁、胡萝卜素、维生素B2、烟酸、维生素C以及橘皮甙、柠檬酸、苹果酸、枸橼酸等营养物质。     

经营管理创新 科学技术创新 《中国卫生产业》征稿函

本刊欢迎有关医疗卫生经营管理理论研究与实践应用、临床医学、医院改革、思想工作、医德医风以及科室、质量、人事、科研、教学、护理、药事、病案、财务、设备、后勤和医院文化等与医院管理相关的各个方面文章。读者对象:各级医院院长、医院管理者;医疗机构科研人员、管理人员;医务工作者;医学院校的师生以及关注医疗卫生事业发展的广大爱好者。     

1992—2004年住院肺结核病例耐药性分析

目的分析了解1992、1996、2000、2004年结核分枝杆菌的耐药性。方法采用绝对浓度间接法进行8种药物的敏感试验。结果1992、1996、2000、2004年耐药率分别为59.6%、76.3%、70.5%5、0.8%;初治耐药率分别为51.9%、79.9%、70.4%、40.4%;复治耐药率分别为76.8%、67.5%、70.8%、77.2%。耐单药率以INH、RFP、SM 3药较高。耐多种药率以SR、HR、SHR、SRE、SHRE较高。结论结果显示结核病的耐药情况相当严重,对结核病的临床治疗和管理应给予足够的重视。     

2021年对本刊有突出贡献的审稿专家名单

审稿是保证期刊质量的重要环节。2021年,本刊总编、副总编.编委、通讯编委和审稿专家对于审稿工作付出了大量的时间和精力,在此,对辛勤付出的所有专家致以崇高的敬意和衷心的感谢!审稿数量超高10篇的专家包括(按照审稿数量的多少排序):冯波、窦京涛、李红(贵州)、高昕媛、肖建中、赵一鸣、李洪梅、关海霞、胡承、龚凤英、周健、李惠琴、张朝云、蔡晓凌、张军霞、吴红花、房辉、周洁、李健榕、徐向进、赵芳、滕晓春、李鸿、秦贵军、李成乾、黄凌宁、郭辉、杨少玲。     

胸痹心痛病因病机三期论

胸痹的发生与禀赋不足、年老体虚、邪气外侵、饮食不节、情志失调等多因素有关。其病机以正气亏虚、水饮、秽浊、痰瘀、气滞、寒凝等邪气积聚心脉为其特点。胸痹的发生发展分早、中、晚3个阶段。早期气血阴阳亏虚是胸痹的病机根本；中期痰饮、秽浊、气滞、血瘀、寒凝是胸痹病机演变的重要过程；晚期邪气积聚心脉是胸痹病机的最终环节，三者紧密相连。     

欢迎订阅《心血管病防治知识》杂志

音乐能陶冶人的情操、给人以美的享受、能改变人的心境和心情。人大约从四十岁起开始有衰老的迹象,明显的外表生理变化有:皱纹、动作迟缓、白发、记忆力衰退等。生理上的衰老与其生活环境(自然的和社会的)和人的心理因素密切相关,所以说人的衰老是包含生理、心理、自然和社会环境等因素的综合发展进程。人的生理衰老反映在神经感知觉(如味觉、视力、听力、平衡性、触觉等)、肌肉骨胳、心血管、呼吸、消化、泌尿生殖和内分泌等系统的衰退上。然而据统计75岁以上的老人25%有精神问题,包括抑郁症、妄想症、焦虑症、痴呆症等疾病。多年来音乐已…     

State of knowledge of helminth fauna of freshwater fishes of Poland

A total 89 fish and lamprey species has been recorded from Polish freshwater habitats. Twenty-seven of them (30.3%) have not been surveyed for parasitic helminthes. Some of the latter fishes are either rare or not easily accessible. Other live only in specific habitats in scattered localities. An important obstacle for studying parasite faunas of some fishes may be their status on an endangered species. Among the non-surveyed fishes, are those which have been relatively recently introduced to Poland or migrated there on their own. The present paper attempts to review all hitherto not studied helminthologically fish species, their habitats, localities and current protection status.     

Inhibition of intimal thickening of the carotid artery of rabbits and of outgrowth of explants of aorta by probucol.

The effect of administration of probucol in preventing intimal thickening of rabbit carotid artery after balloon catheter injury and the mechanism of action of the drug were studied. Groups of 6 male New Zealand-White rabbits were given normal diet (Group I), high cholesterol diet (Group II) or high cholesterol diet plus probucol (Group III) for 4 weeks. Balloon catheter injury was made in week 2 and animals were killed in week 4. No significant differences in the total cholesterol levels in Groups II and III were found in week 4. The medians of areas of the intimal layer in cross-sections of the carotid arteries of Groups I, II and III were 0.237, 0.475 and 0.309 mm2, respectively. Thus high-cholesterol diet increased the thickness of the intimal layer and probucol reduced its effect. There were no significant differences in the areas of the medial layers in these 3 groups. For the examination of the mechanism of the effect of probucol, rabbits were given chow containing 0.5% cholesterol with and without 0.5% probucol (7 rabbits each) and then the numbers of explants from their aortas showing outgrowth were compared. The plasma total cholesterol levels of these two groups were the same. The probucol concentrations in the plasma and aorta of the former group were 18.6 +/- 13.2 micrograms/ml and 7.3 +/- 5.4 micrograms/g wet tissue, respectively. The number of explants showing outgrowth on day 14 was suppressed by 34% in the probucol-treated group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)