羟基磷灰石涂层股骨柄假体全髋关节置换术的中期疗效

目的 评价羟基磷灰石涂层股骨柄假体伞髋关节置换术的中期疗效.方法 2000年2月至2001年2月,采用U2钛合金羟基磷灰石涂层股骨柄假体行非骨水泥全髋关节置换术65例(70髋),男20例,女45例;年龄40～82岁,平均63岁.术前诊断:股骨颈骨折30例,髋关节骨关节炎15例,股骨头缺血性坏死9例,人工股骨头术后松动8例,类风湿髋关节炎2例,髋关节融合术后1例.分别于术后1周、3个月、6个月随访,以后每年随访1次,对髋关节功能(Harris评分)和X线片进行复查.结果 4例死于癌症,余61例(66髋)获7～8年随访,平均7.5年.末次随访时髋关节Harris评分85～100分,平均96分.3髋(4.5%)出现轻度大腿痛,无一髋需行翻修术治疗.术后1年内假体下沉小于1.5 mm者7髋,此后未再出现假体下沉.术后3～6个月在Gruen 2区和6区近段羟基磷灰石涂层部位出现典型的骨锚固征及松质骨和皮质骨密度增高影像.此后所有患者包括年龄大于70岁和Dorr C型髓腔者均无柄端周围的骨质增生或"底座征",也尤股骨近段或远段髓内骨溶解及假体松动.按Engh标准评定全部患者均获骨性固定.结论 羟基磷灰石涂层能增强股骨柄假体的初始固定,促进早期骨长入和生物学固定,阻止聚乙烯磨屑的髓内迁移和远段髓内骨溶解,用于非骨水泥全髋置换术中期疗效满意.     

采用羟基磷灰石涂层股骨柄假体行全髋置换术的早期疗效

目的总结采用羟基磷灰石(HA)涂层股骨柄假体行全髋关节置换术的早期疗效。方法2000年2月～2003年10月,采用钛合金HA涂层股骨柄假体行无骨水泥全髋关节置换术65例(70髋)。术前诊断:股骨颈骨折30例,骨关节炎15例,股骨头缺血性坏死9例,人工股骨头术后松动8例,类风湿性髋关节炎2例,髋关节融合1例。分别于术后1周、3个月、6个月,以后每年一次行髋关节功能和X线片检查,其中44例接受双能X线骨密度仪(DEXA)的骨密度(BMD)检查。结果术后X线片提示股骨柄假体的初始固定均符合优良标准。随访2～5.5年,平均3年。髋关节功能从术前Harris平均评分32分(25～52分)恢复至最后随访时的平均96分(85～100分),至今无一髋表现股区痛或需行翻修手术。术后1年内的X线片测量显示:<1.5mm下沉者7髋,其余均无假体下沉。至今无一例显示股骨近端或髓内骨溶解,也无一例显示假体松动。DEXA检查显示BMD在术后下降,然后迅速恢复,3～6个月后可达到正常或接近正常水平,其中Ⅱ、Ⅵ区的BMD增加速度最快,有时甚至高于对照侧。按Engh标准评定,全部患者均获骨性固定。结论近段HA涂层能增强股骨柄假体的初始固定,促进早期骨长入和骨性生物学固定,阻止聚乙烯磨屑的髓内移行和骨溶解,故用于无骨水泥全髋置换术的早期疗效满意。     

应用羟基磷灰石喷涂解剖型股骨假体的中期随访结果

目的 探讨使用羟基磷灰石喷涂解剖型股骨假体的全髋关节置换术的中期随访结果 .方法 对2001年1月至2003年12月使用羟基磷灰石喷涂解剖型股骨假体的全髋关节置换术患者75例90髋进行中期随访,男49例61髋,女26例29髋;患者年龄42～68岁,平均58.4岁.以Harris评分系统进行临床结果 评估,采用配对t检验分别比较未次随访Harris评分与术前Harris评分、术后早期Harris评分之间的差异;拍摄髋关节正、侧位X线片对影像学结果 进行评估.结果 48例56髋获得随访,男29例35髋,女19例21髋;随访时间5～8年,平均7.2年.随访中无翻修病例.术前Harris评分平均(28.2±6.3)分,术后早期(平均1年)平均(93.2±4.8)分,末次随访平均(91.6±4.5)分,优良率100%.末次随访Harris评分与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),与术后早期比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).随访期间出现人腿痛3例.X线片显示全部假体均获得稳定的骨长入,出现股骨近端局限性骨溶解2例、假体柄远端骨质硬化3例、假体刷围间断透光线6例,无一例出现假体下沉和假体内外翻.结论 羟基磷灰石喷涂解剖犁股骨假体应用于全髋关节置换术的中期随访结果 满意,假体可以获得稳定的骨长入,但远期疗效有待进一步观察.     

应用羟基磷灰石喷涂解剖型股骨假体的中期随访结果

Objective To observe the clinical and radiographic outcomes following the THA using a hydroxyapatite-eoated anatomic stem. Methods From 2001 to 2003, 90 total hip arthroplasty were per-formed in 75 patients using a hydroxyapatite-coated anatomic stem. There are 49 males and 26 females, with the mean age of 58.4 years, range from 42 to 68 years. The mean follow-up period was 7.2 years (5 to 8 years). All patients were evaluated clinically using Harris hip score; preoperative and follow-up radiographs were made. Results Forty-eight patients with 56 hips were involved in this study. There were 29 males and 19 females were included. No patients had underwent revision arthroplasty or aseptic loosening. Accord-ing to the Harris hip score, the average hip score increased from 28.23=6.3 before operation to 93.23±4.8 one year after operation and to 91.6±4.5 at the final review. There was significant difference between the Harris scores at final review and preoperative ones, but no difference one year after operation. All patients had ex-cellent or good results. Three cases were found to be associated with thigh pain. All prostheses were well os-seointegrated. Limited proximal femoral osteolysis occurred in two cases, three cases had radiographic evi-dence of osteosclerosis on the tip of the stem, and six cases were found to represent discontinuous radiolu-cent lines surrounding the stem on the radiographs. No stem subsidence and varus/valgus happened. Con-clusion Hydroxyapatite-coated anatomic stem provided favorable clinical and radiographic results after an intermediate duration of follow-up. The prosthesis had achieved reliable bone ingrowths. The long-term re-sults is needed to be confirmed in future.     

全髋关节置换术使用羟基磷灰石涂层股骨柄假体的Meta分析

背景：越来越多的青壮年患者在接受全髋关节置换术（total hip arthroplasty,THA）中使用羟基磷灰石（hydroxyapatite,HA）涂层股骨柄假体,评价HA涂层多孔股骨柄假体的相关临床对照研究的报道并不完全一致,且样本量较少,存在一定局限性。目的：通过Meta分析评价THA使用HA涂层股骨柄假体的有效性及安全性。方法：计算机检索数据库Medline（1966年至2012年2月）、PubMed（1966年至2012年2月）、Embase（1966年至2012年2月）、Cochrane图书馆（2011年第4期）、中国生物医学光盘数据库（1978年至2012年2月）、中国生物医学文献数据库（1978年至2012年2月）和维普中文科技期刊数据库（1978年至2012年2月）,收集THA使用HA涂层股骨柄假体和多孔股骨柄假体的临床随机对照试验,提取数据进行分析,采用统计软件RevMan5.1进行Meta分析。结果：共纳入10个随机对照研究,其中试验组480例,对照组478例。Meta分析结果显示,与对照组相比,接受HA涂层股骨柄假体的患者THA术后Harris评分无统计学差异（均数差=1.49,95%置信区间[-2.32,5.31],P=0.44）,周围透光线的发生率无统计学差异（优势比=1.06,95%置信区间[0.76,1.48],P=0.74）,点焊现象发生率无统计学差异（优势比=1.09,95%置信区间[0.74,1.62],P=0.66）。结论：HA喷涂于股骨柄假体多孔表面,对于初次THA无临床益处。限于纳入文献的数量和质量,Meta分析结果尚有待于更多高质量大样本随机对照试验以予证实。     

解剖型羟基磷灰石喷涂Ribbed股骨柄和臼杯全髋关节置换术患者的8年随访观察

目的探讨解剖柄羟基磷灰石(HA)涂层Ribbed髋假体行全髋关节置换(THA)术后的中期疗效。方法自1999年6月至2002年5月,采用解剖柄HA涂层Ribbed髋假体施行非骨水泥固定THA手术患者126例,获随访71例84髋,男29例,女42例;年龄39～76岁,平均58岁。术前诊断包括股骨头缺血坏死18例(双侧9例),股骨颈骨折23例,髋关节发育不良14例(双侧4例),髋关节骨关节炎16例。术后7～10d,6个月和每年1次随访X线拍片,对髋关节功能依末次随访状况行Harris评分。结果依末次随访时取Harris评价法,获85～100分39例(46髋),75～84分32例(38髋)。轻微大腿痛3例3髋(4.2%),X线片显示轻微骨吸收3例(3髋)(4.2%),无一患髋需行翻修术。术后1～2年内股骨柄下沉1.5～2mm者2例(3髋),下沉2～2.5mm者1例(1髋),此后再无发现明显下沉患者。术后6个月至3年X线显示于HA涂层部位近段骨吸收于Gruen5、6区2例(2髋)和3、5区1例(1髋),所有患者的骨锚固和松质骨、皮质骨骨密度轻度增高现象,显示髋假体-骨固定良好。结论解剖柄HA涂层Ribbed髋假体的初始固定能促进早期骨长入达到生物固定目标,并阻遏聚乙烯磨屑髓内迁徙致大腿痛和骨吸收,其中期疗效肯定。     

羟基磷灰石涂层髋臼假体的Meta分析

[目的]系统评价生物型髋臼假体是否喷涂羟基磷灰石(hydroxyapatite,HA)在临床效果上的差异.[方法]计算机及手工检索相关的中英文文献,收集关于初次全髋关节置换术(total hip arthroplasty,THA)使用HA涂层髋臼假体和无HA涂层髋臼假体的随机对照研究(randomized controlled trial,RCT)并评价纳入研究的方法学质量.利用STATA 12.0软件进行统计分析.[结果]共纳入符合标准的相关文献7篇,纳入618个髋臼假体,Meta分析结果显示,与对照组相比,HA涂层髋臼假体在影像学松动和因松动及各种原因产生的翻修率方面无统计学差异.[结论] HA涂层没有明显改善髋臼假体的稳定性及翻修率.     

高龄患者使用羟基磷灰石广泛涂层股骨假体的中期随访

目的评价以羟基磷灰石(HA)广泛涂层假体进行初次人工髋关节置换的中期效果。方法1997年2月～1999年5月,对96例以HA广泛涂层股骨假体的初次置换患者进行临床和放射学随访研究,主要评价Harris评分、大腿疼痛和并发症,以Kaplan-Meier法评价股骨假体的使用寿命。结果60例患者获得平均8年(7～9年)随访,Harris评分从术前的平均42分提高到术后的90分,仅2例大腿疼痛。无其它并发症发生,未见假体柄周围放射学透亮线,所有假体均获得骨性稳定,并出现重新塑型。假体8年生存率达100%。结论HA广泛涂层股骨假体具有骨传导作用,可抗轴向力和抗扭转力,且手术风险低,能够获得较好的同定。     

羟基磷灰石涂层假体全髋置换术的早期疗效分析

背景：目前,在全髋置换术中,羟基磷灰石涂层人工股骨柄假体的疗效是否优于非涂层假体仍存在争论。目的：探讨采用羟基磷灰石涂层假体行全髋置换术的早期疗效。方法：2007年2月至2010年3月采用羟基磷灰石涂层假体全髋置换术300例,男157例,女143例;年龄34~73岁,平均67.1岁。分别于术后1、3、6个月、1年及之后的每年随访。术前、术后随访拍摄髋关节正侧位X线片并采用Gruen分区评价羟基磷灰石涂层股骨柄假体,采用DeLee和Charnley建议的三区间对髋臼假体进行影像学评估,对髋关节疼痛及其他髋关节功能参数采用Harris评分复查。记录患者术中、术后并发症发生率。结果：本组11例失去随访,其余289例患者随访12~48个月,平均37个月。末次随访时髋关节Harris评分89~99分,平均95.3分。6例（2.07%）患者术中扩髓时股骨干近段出现不完全性骨裂缝,5例（1.73%）术后出现髋关节脱位,2例（0.69%）出现异位骨化（BrookerⅠ级1例,Ⅱ级1例）,4例（1.38%）术后出现跛行。股骨柄内翻或外翻角均在5°范围以内,术后第6个月超过50%的羟基磷灰石涂层股骨柄假体周围可见骨内生长,术后2年90%羟基磷灰石涂层假体周围可见明显的骨生长。术后2年复查髋关节X线片示羟基磷灰石涂层假体下沉小于1mm者5髋（1.73%）,之后随访未再发现任何假体下沉。术后第3~6个月Gruen1、2、6、7区间羟基磷灰石涂层部位可见典型的点接合,网状骨质浓缩以及皮质骨骨密度增高影像。臼杯假体倾斜角在35°~55°,术后第6个月,在I区或Ⅲ区可见骨生长。依据Engh评判标准,无一例出现近端广泛性骨质溶解或末端骨质溶解及松动。结论：全髋置换术羟基磷灰石涂层能在假体与骨之间提供坚强的内固定,具有骨整合作用强、生物相容性及生物活性高、术后并发症少、抗骨质溶解等优点,但其远期疗效仍需进一步观察。     

应用LCU股骨柄假体行全髋置换术的早期疗效

目的探讨应用LCU股骨柄假体行生物学固定型全髋关节置换术(total hip arthroplasty,THA)的早期疗效。方法回顾性分析2011年8月至2013年4月采用LCU股骨柄假体行THA术85例(90髋),男26例(28髋),女59例(62髋);年龄19~83岁,平均55岁;平均体重指数(23.33±3.13)kg/m2。单髋80例,双髋5例。发育性髋关节发育不良34例(38髋),股骨颈骨折14例(14髋),股骨头坏死17例(17髋),原发性髋关节骨关节炎18例(19髋),类风湿性髋关节炎1例(1髋),髋关节结核1例(1髋)。股骨侧假体均采用LCU股骨柄假体。髋臼采用陶瓷-陶瓷界面者78髋,陶瓷-聚乙烯12髋。对术后及随访时的影像学资料进行分析,末次随访时采用髋关节Harris评分标准评定疗效。结果 82例(87髋)患者术后获得随访,随访12~32个月,平均19个月,3例失访。术前髋关节功能Harris评分为(33.73±3.21)分,末次随访时髋关节功能Harris评分改善至(92.84±4.47)分,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(t=242.69,P0.01)。末次随访时大腿轻度疼痛1例,中度疼痛1例,无重度疼痛。末次随访时无一例出现骨溶解、假体松动,按Engh标准评定:所有获访者均获骨长入固定,其中股骨侧假体诊断为骨性固定者85髋,诊断为纤维性稳定者1髋。假体下沉小于2 mm者1髋,其余均无假体下沉。结论 LCU股骨柄假体行生物学固定型THA的早期疗效满意。     

Proximal femoral bone loss and increased rate of fracture with a proximally hydroxyapatite-coated femoral component

We performed a retrospective analysis of the clinical and radiological outcomes of total hip replacement using an uncemented femoral component proximally coated with hydroxyapatite. Of 136 patients, 118 who had undergone 124 primary total hip replacements were available for study. Their mean age was 66.5 years (19 to 90) and the mean follow-up was 5.6 years (4.25 to 7.25). At the final follow-up the mean Harris hip score was 92 (47.7 to 100). Periprosthetic femoral fractures, which occurred in seven patients (5.6%), were treated by osteosynthesis in six and conservatively in one. We had to revise five femoral components, one because of aseptic loosening, one because of septic loosening and three because of periprosthetic fracture. At the final follow-up there were definite signs of aseptic loosening in two patients. Radiologically, proximal femoral bone loss in Gruen zones I and VI was evident in 96.8% of hips, while bone hypertrophy in zones III and V was seen in 64.7%. In 24 hips (20.2%) the mean subsidence of the stem was 3.7 mm which occurred within the first 12 postoperative weeks. This indicated poor initial stability, which might have been aggravated by early weight-bearing. The high rate of failure in our study suggests that proximal femoral bone loss affects the long-term survival of the replacement.     

Primary total hip arthroplasty with a proximally porous-coated femoral stem

BACKGROUND: The use of cementless, proximally porous-coated femoral stems for total hip arthroplasty has increased in popularity. The purpose of the present report was to examine the five to ten-year results associated with the use of a so-called second-generation circumferentially proximally porous-coated titanium-alloy stem. METHODS: Between 1991 and 1994, 123 Harris-Galante Multilock femoral stems were implanted in 101 patients. The average age of the patients at the time of surgery was 53.8 years. The patients were followed prospectively and were reevaluated at a minimum of five years postoperatively. No patient was lost to follow-up. Twenty-five patients (thirty hips) were interviewed by telephone, and four patients (five hips) died during the study period because of problems that were unrelated to the operation. The remaining seventy-two patients (eighty-eight hips) had a minimum of five years of clinical and radiographic follow-up. RESULTS: The average duration of follow-up was seventy-eight months. At the time of the most recent follow-up, the average Harris Hip Score was 95 points. Eighty-seven (99%) of eighty-eight stems were biologically stable, with eighty-four hips (95%) having osseous ingrowth and three hips (3%) having stable fibrous fixation. One stem was revised because of loosening. Thirty-three hips (38%) had minimal proximal osteolysis, and no hip had diaphyseal osteolysis. Seventy-two hips (82%) had some degree of stress-shielding in the proximal metaphysis, but only two hips had cortical resorption. None of these patients required additional surgery, and all reported a satisfactory outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Given the young age and high activity level of these patients, this stem fared well: the levels of patient function and satisfaction were high, the rates of loosening and revision were very low, and distal osteolysis did not occur. Osseous fixation occurred reliably. Proximal stress-shielding was seen but did not seem to be clinically important.     

The survival of the cemented femoral component of a total hip replacement

A series of 1321 total hip arthroplasties including 238 primary revisions (18%) were evaluated to identify intrinsic factors of the femoral canal that might influence the success of a cemented total hip replacement. A survival analysis was used to compare the success rates of cemented femoral components. These were classified into five groups according to the condition of the medullary canal at the time of surgery: primary surgery, aseptic cemented loosening, failed noncemented hemiarthroplasty, previous septic failure, or fractured femoral prosthesis with rigid distally fixed cement. The overall survival rates of the five groups were found to be significantly different (p less than 0.01). Specifically, the success rates of recemented revisions for aseptic loosening were significantly lower than those for primary total hip replacements (p less than 0.01). No statistical difference was found between the success rates of primary surgeries and the revision success rates for septic failure or for a fractured femoral component.     

Long-term results of a hydroxyapatite-coated femoral component in total hip replacement: a 15- to 21-year follow-up study

Between 1986 and 1991 we implanted 331 consecutive Furlong hydroxyapatite-coated femoral components of a total hip replacement in 291 patients. A cemented acetabular prosthesis was used in 217 hips and a hydroxyapatite-coated component in 114. We describe the long-term clinical and radiological survival of the femoral component at a mean follow-up of 17.5 years (15 to 21). Only two patients (0.68%) were lost to follow-up. With revision of the femoral component for any reason as the endpoint, the survival at a mean of 17 years was 97.4% (95% confidence interval 94.1 to 99.5), and with revision for aseptic loosening as the endpoint it was 100%. The survival at a maximum of 21 years with revision of the femoral component for any reason as the endpoint was 97.4% (95% confidence interval 81.0 or 99.5). These results compare favourably with the best long-term results of cemented or uncemented femoral components used in total hip replacement.     

Ribbed股骨柄全髋关节置换24例11年随访

[目的]观察Ribbed股骨柄髋假体全髋关节置换后的远期疗效。[方法]自1999年6月～2002年5月,采用解剖柄HA涂层Ribbed髋假体施行非骨水泥固定人工全髋关节置换126例,获平均11年4个月随访24例26髋,男14例,女10例;年龄43～68岁,平均59.4岁。术前疾病:股骨头缺血坏死13例(双侧2例),股骨颈骨折9例,髋关节发育不良2例。术后7～10d,术后6个月和每年1次随访X线片,对髋关节功能依末次随访状况行Harris评分。[结果]依末次随访Harris评价法,获85～100分16例18髋,75～84分8例8髋。轻微大腿痛1例1髋,X线片显示轻微骨吸收1例1髋,无一患髋需行翻修术。术后6个月～3年X线片显示于HA涂层部位近段骨吸收于Gruen5,6区和2,3区1例1髋。所有病例的骨锚固和松质骨、皮质骨骨密度轻度增高,显示髋假体-骨固定良好。[结论]Ribbed髋假体的初始固定能促进早期骨长入达到生物固定目标,并阻碍聚乙烯磨屑髓内迁徙致大腿痛和骨吸收,其长期疗效肯定。