前列地尔对肝细胞癌动脉化疗栓塞后肝血流灌注的影响

目的 初步探讨前列地尔(PGE_1)对肝细胞癌(HCC)经动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)后肝血流灌注的影响.方法 连续搜集接受TACE初治的HCC患者64例,随机数字法分为对照组与PGE_1组,每组32例.对照组接受常规TACE治疗,第1次TACE4周后复治;PGE_1组于TACE后经外周静脉推注PGE_11次/d,连续1周,用药量为0.4μg/kg.所有患者于术前1周、术后4周内行非瘤区肝CT灌注成像(CTPI),测量肝动脉灌注量(HAP)、门静脉灌注量(PVP)、肝总血流灌注量(TLP)、肝动脉灌注指数(HPI),TACE后不同时期肝灌注参数的组内比较采用单因素方差分析,对照组与PGE_1组肝各灌注参数组间比较采用t检验.结果 对照组术前1周、第1次术后、第2次术后的HAP分别为(0.18±0.08)、(0.22±0.09)、(0.32±0.10)ml·min~(-1)·ml~(-1);PVP分别为(1.11±0.31)、(0.82±0.27)、(0.59±0.25)ml·min~(-1)·ml~(-1);TLP分别为(1.29±0.33)、(1.04±0.28)、(0.91±0.24)ml·min~(-1)·ml~(-1);HPI分别为(14.31±6.36)%、(21.37±9.07)%、(36.67±13.42)%.TACE不同时间HAP、PVP、TLP、HPI组间差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为19.71、27.47、14.75、41.41,P值均<0.05).PGE_1组术前1周、第1次术后4周、第2次术后4周的HAP分别为(0.17±0.08)、(0.20±0.08)、(0.26±0.08)ml·min~(-1)·ml~(-1);PVP分别为(1.09±0.36)、(1.03±0.40)、(0.91±0.41)ml·min~(-1)·ml~(-1);TLP分别为(1.26±0.38)、(1.23±0.40)、(1.17±0.44)ml·min~(-1)·ml~(-1);HPI分别为(14.04±6.71)%、(17.26±7.86)%、(23.93±8.96)%.其中HAP与HPI组间差异有统计学意义(F值分别为10.78、13.05,P值均<0.05),而PVP与TLP组间差异无统计学意义(F值分别为1.73、0.39,P值均>0.05).第1次术后对照组与PGE1组的PVP与TLP的组间差异有统计学意义(t值分别为-2.37、-2.14,P值均<0.05),而HAP、HPI组间差异无统计学意义(t值分别为0.86、2.24,P值均>0.05);第2次术后对照组与PGE1组的HAP、PVP、TLP、HPI组间差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为2.55、-4.49、-3.41、5.09,P值均<0.05).结论 TACE后肝PVP与TLP减少而HAP与HPI增加,PGE_1能改善以PVP为主的肝血流灌注,有助于减轻TACE对非瘤区肝组织的损害.     

原发性肝细胞癌经动脉导管栓塞化疗联合射频消融术后的CT及MRI表现

目的:回顾性评价原发性肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)经肝动脉导管化疗栓塞(transcatheter ar-terial chemoembolizstion,TACE)联合射频消融术(radiofrequencr ablation,RFA)后的CT及MR表现。方法:回顾性收集2004年6月～2009年6月的肝癌病例42例(共49个病灶)进行了TACE联合RFA治疗。术后随访为3～24个月。用CT及MR评价肝内病灶的密度(信号)、强化方式、边界和大小等变化。结果:TACE联合RFA完全的病灶CT表现为不规则致密碘油沉积(高密度)和消融区域(低密度无强化)混合存在。MRI表现为T1WI等、高信号,T2WI等、低信号,增强扫描无强化。TACE联合RFA1个月之内行CT扫描的患者中,7个病灶术后存在片状或环行强化,复查消失。随访中,5例CT及3例MR表现为病灶体积增大或出现不规则强化,提示复发。结论:用CT或MRI对TACE联合RFA术后患者进行评价可以了解栓塞和射频消融是否完全或是否存在残留或复发。     

暂时阻断肿瘤动脉血流加压灌注治疗乏血供肝癌的单盲随机对照研究中期结果

目的 评价暂时阻断肿瘤动脉血流加压灌注治疗乏血供肝癌介入治疗肝癌的疗效是否优于传统方法及其对肝功能的影响.方法 以乏血供肝癌需要行介入治疗的患者为研究对象,随机入组,试验组患者采用试验疗法进行介入治疗,对照组采用传统方法.80例患者完成随访,对其介入前、后的碘油充填情况和肿瘤最大径变化(RECIST标准)进行中期结果分析,同时评价AFP的变化以及试验疗法对肝功能的影响.两组间资料采用Mann- Whitney检验比较其差异,各组内资料采用Friedman检验比较其变化程度,疗效指标间采用Spearman非参数相关分析.结果 (1)两组患者均符合乏血供肝癌的诊断,且入组基线均衡.(2)碘油充填情况:试验组患者术后各随访节点肿瘤组织内碘油沉积情况均优于对照组,术后第1、3、12个月时两组间的差异有统计学意义(Z值分别为-2.135、-2.939、-2.686,P值均＜0.05),第6个月时2组差异无统计学意义(Z=-1.170,P=0.242);试验组碘油沉积良好,随访中变化差异无统计学意义(x2=2.593,P=0.459),对照组差异有统计学意义(x2=10.886,P=0.012).(3)肿瘤最大径变化情况:试验组患者术后各随访节点的临床有效率及临床受益率均大于对照组,第3、12个月时两组间的差异均有统计学意义(Z值分别为-2.734、-2.733,P值均＜0.01),第1、6个月两组差异无统计学意义(Z=- 1.692和-1.895,P=0.091和0.058);但试验组和对照组手术前后的肿瘤最大径变化差异均无统计学意义(x2=5.500,P=0.139;x2 =6.509,P=0.089).碘油充填与肿瘤最大径变化之间相关性分析,在第3个月时r=0.257,P=0.035.(4)两组患者中,术前AFP在20～1000 μg/L之间者,术后两组患者的随访数据行Pearson卡方检验,x2=0.882,P=0.644.(5)两组患者的肝功能在术前、术后第1、3、6个月时相比,差异无统计学意义(Z值分别为-1.073、-1.314、-0.518、-0.549,P值均＞0.05).结论 本试验中期结果初步证明了试验疗法较传统方法明显增加了碘油充填,肿瘤的最大径在术后3个月和12个月时减小显著;但两组患者的AFP、肝功能无明显差异.     

18F-FDG PET/CT对高18F-FDG摄取肝细胞肝癌经动脉插管化疗栓塞的疗效评价

目的 探讨18F-FDG PET/CT对高18F-FDG摄取的原发性HCC经动脉插管化疗栓塞术(TACE)治疗后的疗效评价价值.方法 回顾性分析24例经临床证实、且18F-FDG代谢增高的原发性HCC,经TACE治疗后行PET/CT复查的患者资料,其中男21例,女3例,年龄为40～75(平均58.1)岁.患者均在治疗后1～2个月行肝脏局部18F-FDG PET/CT复查,观察病灶治疗后18F-FDG的代谢变化.将病灶区的FDG SUVmax高于周围正常肝实质者定义为病理性的FDG代谢.以PET/CT复查后随访(临床症状、AFP、PET/CT检查结果)3个月结果为标准,计算复查对残留肿瘤组织的诊断效能,并采用x2检验分析PET/CT与AFP诊断效能的差异.结果 24例中有9例呈FDG代谢减低区(相对于正常肝实质而言),提示无残留肿瘤组织;11例仍呈FDG代谢增高,但代谢活性较治疗前降低,提示残留肿瘤组织;2例FDG代谢等同于正常肝组织,但随访证实为肿瘤残留;1例病灶FDG代谢活性较治疗前增高,提示病情进展;1例由于高密度碘油的过度衰减校正导致假阳性.18F-FDG PET/CT评价原发性HCC TACE治疗后残留病灶的灵敏度及准确性分别为100％ (14/14)、95.8％ (23/24),与单独以血清AFP为评价指标的灵敏度(71.4％,10/14)及准确性(70.8％,17/24)之间的差异有统计学意义(x2=6.56和4.18,均P＜0.05).结论 18F-FDG PET/CT对摄取18 F-FDG的原发性HCC患者的TACE治疗疗效评价有较大价值,可提供残留病灶的准确位置,为临床确定后续的治疗方案提供依据.     

肝移植术后移植肝血流灌注异常的CT灌注研究

目的 运用CT灌注成像(CTP)探讨肝移植术后肝脏血流灌注的影响因素.方法33例肝移植术后患者接受CT血管成像(CTA)及CTP检查.计算主动脉强化峰值的95%可信区间范围,排除此范围以外的病例.测量无并发症患者肝动脉灌注量(HAP)、门静脉灌注最(PVP)、总肝灌注最(TLP)及肝动脉灌注指数(HPI)的平均值及其95%可信区间范围,并在此基础上分析有术后并发症患者的肝脏血流灌注情况及上述各项指标的影响因素.结果29例患者纳入该研究,其中无术后并发症15例,有术后并发症14例.无术后并发症患者HAP、PVP、TLP和HPI的95%可信区间范围分别为(0.1509～0.3183)、(0.7223～1.3859)、(0.8367～1.7231)ml·min-1·ml-1和17.83%～31.63%.14例有并发症的患者中,HAP降低7例,其巾肝动脉狭窄5例、脾大3例;HAP增高2例,均为中、重度门静脉狭窄患者.PVP减低13例,其中门静脉狭窄或闭塞8例、脾肾分流4例、脂肪肝2例;TLP减低12例,全部与PVP减低有关.仅2例HAP减低患者HPI减低.结论CTP技术通过定量测量肝动脉、门静脉血流灌注,能够无创性评价各种移植肝血流灌注异常,客观评价移植肝缺血的程度和类型,对指导临床治疗具有重要价值.     

肝癌肝动脉化疗栓塞后肿瘤发展的CT研究

目的：评价肝癌肝动脉碘油抗癌药化疗栓塞后肿瘤发展的ＣＴ表现并探讨其有关因素。方法：搜集４５例栓后ＣＴ复查发现肿瘤发展的病例进行分析。结果：４５例栓后肿瘤发展的ＣＴ表现如下：（１）原瘤灶边缘局部发展１５例（３３．３％ ）;（２）肿瘤整个增大发展９例（２０％ ）;（３）肝内其它部分出现１例（２．２％ ）;（４）原瘤灶边缘部及肝内他处出现１６例（３５．６％ ）;（５）肿瘤整个增大发展伴肝内他处出现４ 例（９％ ）。结论：可通过观察栓后肿瘤边缘部碘油潴留形态判断疗效及栓后肿瘤生长情况。     

术前肝动脉化疗栓塞对减少原发性肝癌手术癌残存的意义

目的探讨减少原发性肝癌手术癌残存的方法。方法分组对照研究199例能一期手术切除的原发性肝癌。研究组68例术前、术后均予肝动脉化疗碘油栓塞(LP-TACE)治疗,对照组131例术后予LP-TACE治疗。分别统计2组常规CT、手术病理的子灶数,以及研究组手术切除前LP-TACE及碘油栓塞后CT扫描(LP-CT)的子灶数,统计2组术后癌残存率及残存癌灶数,予t及χ2检验,研究术前TACE与手术癌残存的关系。结果研究组术前LP-TACE并LP-CT使子灶的发现率较常规CT提高了21.50%,前后相比较,P<0.05,具显著性差异;研究组与对照组相比较常规CT子灶均数及子灶敏感率,t=0.075,χ2=2.545,P>0.05,无显著性差异;手术癌残存率研究组为27.94%,对照组为46.56%,2组相比较,P<0.05,具显著性差异。结论原发性肝癌术前LP-TACE治疗,对发现肝内微小病灶,降低手术癌残存具有重要意义。     

多层螺旋CT在肝细胞肝癌肝动脉化疗栓塞中的表现及介入治疗中的意义

目的探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)在肝细胞癌(HCC)肝动脉化疗栓塞中的表现特点及其介入治疗中的指导意义。方法45例肝癌患者行肝动脉化疗栓塞前同期分别行MSCT和DSA2种检查。MSCT应用三维容积再现(VRT)、最大密度投影(MIP)或多平面重组(MPR)技术观察腹腔动脉的解剖及走行分支,比较CT与DSA对病灶、合并症的显示情况及肿瘤的血供情况等。结果45例患者,MSCT发现病灶167个、门静脉癌栓11例、动脉静瘘12例;DSA发现病灶172个、门静脉癌栓8例,动静脉瘘15例。MSCT与DSA比较,DSA对肿瘤的数目显示率略高于MSCT,但差异无统计学意义。MSCT能够显示腹腔动脉及其主要分支的三维结构,优于DSA,观察与腹主动脉夹角较DSA更方便;MSCT发现肝动脉起源变异4例,与DSA完全符合。结论MSCT对肝细胞肝癌肝动脉化疗栓塞有重要指导意义。     

原发性肝癌并右心房癌栓的影像学表现及动脉化疗栓塞疗效观察

目的探讨原发性肝癌并右心房癌栓的影像学表现及动脉化疗栓塞的临床疗效。资料与方法回顾性分析9例原发性肝癌并右心房癌栓患者的影像学资料及动脉化疗栓塞疗效。结果常规腹部CT扫描范围,平扫心房癌栓均漏诊,增强扫描漏诊7例;心房癌栓CT平扫呈等密度,动脉期轻度强化呈结节样充盈缺损,栓塞后癌栓内不同程度碘油沉积;肿瘤侵犯肝静脉、下腔静脉至右心房8例,直接侵犯下腔静脉进入右心房1例,血管造影均显示条纹征。术后6个月、12个月生存率分别为77.8%(7/9),33.3%(3/9),中位生存期为9.5个月。结论原发性肝癌若肝静脉、下腔静脉与右心房出现充盈缺损、条纹征即可诊断右心房癌栓;化疗栓塞是治疗原发性肝癌并右心房癌栓的安全、有效方法。     

术前CT图像影像组学联合深度学习预测肝细胞癌经动脉化疗栓塞术后疗效的价值

目的探讨术前CT图像影像组学联合深度学习方法预测肝细胞癌(HCC)首次经动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)疗效的价值。方法该研究为回顾性队列研究。回顾性收集2015年1月至2021年1月于哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院行TACE治疗的HCC患者影像及临床信息。共纳入265例患者, 于初次TACE后1～2个月, 根据改良的实体瘤疗效评估标准(mRECIST)评估病灶术后改变, 分为有反应组(175例)和无反应组(90例)。采用随机数表法按8∶2的比例分为训练集(212例, 有反应组140例、无反应组72例)和测试集(53例, 有反应组35例、无反应组18例)。采用单因素和多因素logistic回归筛选临床变量, 构建临床模型。从术前CT图像中提取影像组学特征, 经降维构建影像组学模型。采用深度学习方法, 建立3种残差神经网络(ResNet)模型(ResNet18、ResNet50和ResNet101), 并对其效能进行比较和集成, 取最佳模型为深度学习模型。应用logistic回归将3个模型两两联合, 建立联合模型。采用受试者操作特征曲线在测试集中评价模型区分TACE后有反应与无反应的效能。结果在测...     

双源CT双能量成像在肝癌经皮肝动脉化疗栓塞术后复查中的应用价值

目的 评价双源CT(DSCT)双能量成像对肝癌经皮肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)术后病灶复查的应用价值.方法 对27例接受TACE治疗的原发性肝癌患者资料进行回顾性分析,27例均行常规肝脏平扫及动态三期增强扫描,其中动脉期图像由双能量扫描方式获得.采用2种方法观察,A法观察常规平扫、动脉期、门静脉期及延迟期图像,B法观察虚拟平扫、动脉期、门静脉期及延迟期图像,评价2种方法对栓塞病灶内部及其周围肝组织内强化信息的判断.以DSA结果为参照标准,计算A、B2法的敏感性、特异性等指标,采用x2检验比较两种方法的诊断能力.结果 27例TACE术后复查患者中共检出63个病变,DSA明确其中39个病变有强化,24个病变无强化.B法的敏感性为94.9％( 37/39),高于A法的74.4％( 29/39;x2=6.303,P＜0.05);B法的特异性为95.8％( 23/24),与A法的83.3％ (20/24)差异无统计学意义(x2 =2.009,P＞0.05).结论 以动脉期双能量扫描代替常规CT平扫与动脉期增强扫描,与常规CT动态增强相比,对TACE术后肝癌病灶的评估更加准确.     

Angiographic evaluation of hepatic arterial damage after transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess the incidence, degree, and predictors of hepatic arterial damage (HAD) after transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 33 patients with unresectable HCC underwent TACE alone using a mixture of iodized oil, epirubicin, and gelatin sponge. A follow-up angiogram was available for 76 of 109 sessions, and HAD was evaluated at each subsegment of the hepatic artery using a three-grade scale (1, no or slight wall irregularity; 2, overt stenosis; 3, occlusion). Grades 2 and 3 were considered to indicate significant HAD. The predictors of HAD were analyzed by multivariate analysis. RESULTS: A total of 161 hepatic arteries were embolized from the lobar (n = 43), segmental (n = 40), subsegmental (n = 72), or more distal (n = 6) level. The follow-up period between the initial and last sessions ranged from 70 to 1505 days (median 497 days). Significant HAD occurred in 37 of 231 subsegmental hepatic arteries (16%) and in 16 of 33 patients (48%). The accumulated dose of epirubicin per artery (P = 0.001) and Child-Pugh score (P < 0.001) were significant predictors. CONCLUSION: TACE is more likely to induce HAD in cirrhotic patients with impaired liver function and when a high dose of the chemotherapeutic agent was used.     

Computed tomography perfusion imaging for monitoring transarterial chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma

PurposeTo prospectively monitor changes in tumor perfusion of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in response to doxorubicin-eluted bead based transarterial chemoembolization (DEB-TACE) using perfusion-CT (P-CT).Methods and materials24 patients (54–79 years) undergoing P-CT before and shortly after DEB-TACE of HCC were prospectively included in this dual-center study. Two readers determined arterial-liver-perfusion (ALP, mL/min/100 mL), portal-venous-perfusion (PLP, mL/min/100 mL) and the hepatic-perfusion-index (HPI, %) by placing matched regions-of-interests within each HCC before and after DEB-TACE. Imaging follow-up was used to determine treatment response and to distinguish complete from incomplete responders. Performance of P-CT for prediction and early response assessment was determined using receiver-operating-characteristics curve analysis.ResultsInterreader agreement was fair to excellent (ICC, 0.716–0.942). PLP before DEB-TACE was significantly higher in pre-treated vs non-treated lesions (P < 0.05). Mean changes of ALP, PLP and HPI from before to after DEB-TACE were −55%, +24% and −27%. ALP and HPI after DEB-TACE were correlating with response-grades (r = 0.45/0.48; both, p < 0.04), showing an area-under-the-curve (AUC) of 0.74 and 0.80 respectively for identification of complete response.ConclusionHigh arterial and low portal-venous perfusion of HCC early after DEB-TACE indicates incomplete response with good diagnostic accuracy.     

Conventional versus doxorubicin-eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma

Purpose

To compare short- and long-term clinical outcomes after conventional transarterial chemoembolization and drug-eluting bead (DEB) transarterial chemoembolization in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Materials and Methods

Patients with unresectable HCC unsuitable for ablative therapies were randomly assigned to undergo conventional or DEB chemoembolization. The primary endpoints of the study were safety, toxicity, and tumor response at 1 month. Secondary endpoints were number of repeated chemoembolization cycles, time to recurrence and local recurrence, time to radiologic progression, and survival.

Results

In total, 67 patients (mean age, 70 y ± 7.7) were evaluated. Mean follow-up was 816 days ± 361. Two periprocedural major complications occurred (2.9%) that were treated by medical therapy without the need for other interventions. A significant increase in alanine aminotransferase levels 24 hours after treatment was reported, which was significantly greater after conventional chemoembolization (n = 34) than after DEB chemoembolization (n = 33; preprocedure, 60 IU ± 44 vs 74 IU ± 62, respectively; at 24 h, 216 IU ± 201 vs 101 IU ± 89, respectively; P = 0.007). No other differences were observed in liver toxicity between groups. At 1 month, complete and partial tumor response rates were 70.6% and 29.4%, respectively, in the conventional chemoembolization group and 51.5% and 48.5%, respectively, in the DEB chemoembolization group. No differences were observed between groups in time to recurrence and local recurrence, radiologic progression, and survival.

Conclusions

Conventional chemoembolization and DEB chemoembolization have a limited impact on liver function on short- and long-term follow-up and are associated with favorable clinical outcomes.     

131I-美妥昔单抗联合动脉内化疗栓塞治疗原发性肝癌的内照射吸收剂量估算

Objective Metuximab is a specific monoclonal antibody F(ab')fragment targeted to the hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)associated antigen of HAb18G/CD147.131I labeled metuximab has shown to be effective response on HCC in phase Ⅰ/Ⅱtrails.To evaluate the feasibility of 131I-metuximab combined with transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)is the treatment of HCC,the anthors estimated the radiation absorbed dose to organs.Methods 131I-metuximab(27.75 MBq/kg)and the mixture of anticancer drug and Lipiodol with interval 20 min later were administered to 21 patients with HCC via a transfemoral catheter.The pharmacokinetie and desimetric data were collected by means of venous blood samples.urine collections,and 4 or 5 γ-scintigraphies (SPECT) over7 d.The total amount of activity in percent of iniected activity (%ID)of main organ and the total body were calculated by regions of interest(ROI).The cumulated activities were determined from integration of the time-%ID curves using the SPSS 12.0 software.Absorbed doses to organ and red marrow were estimated according to the medical internal radiation dose (MIRD) formalism and blood-based marrow estimation with a red marrow-to-blood activity concentration ratio.The tumorto-no tumor ratio was calculated as well.Results A mean administered aetivity was 1.89 GBq per session (range 1.47-2.23 GBq).SPECT scans showed the significant accumulation of the radioconjugate in liver tumor and faint uptake in other organs until 14 d.Organ absorbed dose(n=12):the total absorbed dose to liver,spleen,thyroid,lungs,kidney and total-body was(3.19±1.01),(3.65±2.41),(3.61±2.40),(0.97±0.23),(0.96±0.35)and(0.57±1.55)Gy,with(0.55±0.09)Gy to the red marrow(n=7),respectively.From 2.88±1.11 to 1.64±0.39 were observed in tumor-to-liver ratio at 3 h to 168 h.Conclusion Internal absorbed dose estimation based on MIRD formalism is not only to establish reliable dose-response relationships for target tissue and dose-toxicity relationships for normal tissue but also to improve treatment planning in individual patient.     

化疗栓塞后肝细胞癌细胞凋亡的研究

目的 研究肝细胞癌患者经动脉化疗栓塞（ｔｒａｎｓａｒｔｅｒｉａｌｃｈｅｍｏｃｅｍｂｏｌｉｚｔｉｏｎ,ＴＡＣＥ）治疗后肿瘤细胞凋亡的情况。方法 用光学显微镜（简称光谱）和流式细胞仪对１１７例手术切除的肝细胞癌标本进行凋亡检测;其中单纯手术５８例４种介入治疗后二期手术切除５９例。结果 流式细胞仪检测肿瘤细胞的凋记率,单纯手术组为１．７７％,行介入治疗的Ａ,Ｂ,Ｃ,Ｄ４个治疗组分别为６．１１％,８．７１     

Sequential transarterial chemoembolization for unresectable advanced hepatocellular carcinoma

Purpose The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of sequential transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for patients with unresectable advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods Twenty-one consecutive patients with unresectable T3 and T4 HCC were treated by sequential TACE (median time interval between treatments 7 weeks) up to six times with an emulsion of lipiodol, epirubicin, and cisplatin. All TACE procedures were performed as unilobar or whole-liver chemoembolization. Results An average of 3.9 TACE procedures were performed per patient. One primary and two secondary technical failures occurred. No procedural death was observed. After exclusion of the patient with the primary technical failure and 3 patients with extrahepatic disease, the survival rates for the remaining 17 patients at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months were 70.6%, 52.9%, 44.1%, and 33.1%, respectively. Conclusion Sequential TACE is a safe procedure in patients with unresectable advanced HCC and feasible in most cases. It seems to prolong the survival time compared with historical series of untreated patients.     

^131I-美妥昔单抗联合动脉内化疗栓塞治疗原发性肝癌的内照射吸收剂量估算

目的对^131I-美妥昔单克隆抗体（简称单抗）联合动脉内化疗栓塞（TACE）治疗原发性肝癌患者器官的内照射吸收剂量进行估算。方法21例患者肝动脉内按体质量注入^131I-美妥昔单抗（27．75MBq／kg）和混合化疗药物的碘化油乳剂。用1计数仪测量5min和0．5,2,4,24,48,72,120,168h血样和尿样的放射性。用SPECT仪行4或5次全身扫描。用感兴趣区图像处理法计算主要器官和全身放射性活度占给予放射性活度的百分数（％ID）,SPSS12．0软件拟合时间-％ID曲线,计算累积活度,依据医学内照射辐射剂量学（MIRD）方法和血液间接法计算器官和红骨髓的内照射吸收剂量,计算肿瘤／非肿瘤放射性比值。结果^131I-美妥昔单抗的平均剂量为1．89（1．47～223）GBq／次。显像示放射性主要浓聚于肝区肿瘤组织,随时间延长,甲状腺后期有放射性浓聚,体内其他组织未见明显放射性分布。器官吸收剂量（12例）：肝（3．19±1．01）Gy,脾（3．65±2．41）Gy,甲状腺（3．61±2．40）Gy,肺（0．97±0．23）Gy,肾（0．96±0．35）Gy,全身（0．57±1．55）Gy,红骨髓（0．55±0．09）Gy（7例）。肿瘤／肝放射陛比值（7例）：3h为2．88±1．11,64h为2．15±0．53,120h为1．81±0．39,168h为1．64±0．39。结论依据MIRD方法计算获得了主要器官、红骨髓和全身内照射吸收剂量,这对更好评价疗效、不良反应和制订个体化方案有重要意义。