动态增强MR血管成像对活体肾移植供体术前的评估

目的 探讨动态增强MRA对活体肾移植供体血管解剖的显示情况.方法 35名肾移植供体,术前行MRA检查.首先经静脉注入1 ml对比剂Gd-DTPA,测出循环至肾动脉时间.然后行冠状面3D T1加权快速扰相小角度梯度回波(3D FLASH)序列扫描.自动脉期开始连续扫描4期,每期间隔10 s,获得肾动脉、肾静脉、集合系统等各期图像.2名放射科医师观察原始图像及MIP重组后图像,观察肾动脉、肾静脉及其分支的显示情况,确定血管的走形及有无变异.并把MRA图像质量确定为5级,与32名手术结果进行比较.结果 MRA对于肾动脉、肾静脉系统的显示质量均较好.35名供者70个肾脏中发现5支左肾副动脉,9支右副肾动脉.3支左肾动脉过早分支,6只右肾动脉过早分支,其中1支右侧双肾静脉,2例左侧精索静脉粗大.1例右肾副上极动脉MRA术前未发现.结论 动态增强MRA安全无创,对肾动脉、肾静脉显示清楚,诊断变异准确度高,是术前肾移植供体血管评价较好的影像检查手段.     

动态增强MR血管成像对活体肾移植供体术前的评估

目的 探讨动态增强MRA对活体肾移植供体血管解剖的显示情况.方法 35名肾移植供体,术前行MRA检查.首先经静脉注入1 ml对比剂Gd-DTPA,测出循环至肾动脉时间.然后行冠状面3D T1加权快速扰相小角度梯度回波(3D FLASH)序列扫描.自动脉期开始连续扫描4期,每期间隔10 s,获得肾动脉、肾静脉、集合系统等各期图像.2名放射科医师观察原始图像及MIP重组后图像,观察肾动脉、肾静脉及其分支的显示情况,确定血管的走形及有无变异.并把MRA图像质量确定为5级,与32名手术结果进行比较.结果 MRA对于肾动脉、肾静脉系统的显示质量均较好.35名供者70个肾脏中发现5支左肾副动脉,9支右副肾动脉.3支左肾动脉过早分支,6只右肾动脉过早分支,其中1支右侧双肾静脉,2例左侧精索静脉粗大.1例右肾副上极动脉MRA术前未发现.结论 动态增强MRA安全无创,对肾动脉、肾静脉显示清楚,诊断变异准确度高,是术前肾移植供体血管评价较好的影像检查手段.     

64层CT肾血管成像在肾移植供体评价中的临床应用价值

目的:评价64层螺旋CT肾血管成像技术在肾移植供体评价中的临床应用价值。方法:对40例亲属供肾者行64层螺旋CT肾血管成像,应用容积再现(VR)、最大密度投影(MIP)、多平面重组(MPR)等技术进行肾血管重建,评价供肾血管情况,将影像学表现与术中所见进行对照。结果:40例供肾者1次屏气完成扫描,均获得满意的轴面图像,应用VR、MIP、MPR等后处理技术重建肾血管,可清晰显示肾动脉主干及其2～4级分支。9例单侧肾由副肾动脉供血,其中8例单侧肾见单支副肾动脉,1例双侧肾各见1支副肾动脉;9例存在肾动脉分支过早,其中1例双肾动脉均为肾动脉分支过早,共10支血管距离肾动脉开口在1.5cm以内;2例显示肾静脉解剖变异。CT血管成像对供肾动静脉主干、副肾动脉、肾动脉分支过早、肾静脉主干变异的显示与术中所见一致。结论:64层螺旋CT肾血管成像是肾移植术前评价活体供肾血管的一种无创、安全、经济、有效的检查方法。     

MSCT在活体肾移植供体术前评估中的价值

目的:评价MSCT在活体肾移植供体术前评估中的价值。方法:采用MSCT对58例活体肾移植供体行平扫、肾动脉期、肾静脉期及排泄期扫描,原始图像传入AW4.2工作站,运用VR、MIP、MPR、CPR等多种后处理技术综合分析评估肾动脉、肾静脉、肾实质及集合系统,并与30例手术结果相对照。结果:所有供体均能清晰显示肾动、静脉主干及分支,副肾动脉,肾动脉过早分支,肾动静脉变异,集尿系统情况,并与手术结果相符合。结论:MSCT能清晰显示供肾的血管结构、肾实质及输尿管情况,能够作为肾移植供体术前检查最重要的影像学方法。     

双源CT肾血管成像技术术前评价亲属肾移植供肾的价值

目的 探讨双源CT肾血管成像技术(CTA)在亲属肾移植术前评估中的应用价值.方法 对78例亲属肾移植供体术前行供肾双源CT扫描,并采用三维重建技术重建肾动静脉.结果 重建显示肾动脉的解剖类型包括:单支肾动脉93例(左肾46例,右肾47例)、双主肾动脉18例(左肾8例,右肾10例)、副肾动脉16例(左肾11例,右肾5例)、混合型(副肾动脉+双肾动脉)3例(左肾1例,右肾2例)、肾动脉提前分支24例(左肾10例,右肾14例)、肾动脉狭窄2例.肾静脉的解剖类型包括:单支肾静脉140例(左肾75例,右肾65例)、环主动脉左肾静脉2例、主动脉后左肾静脉1例、右肾双肾静脉13例.结论 双源CT肾血管成像技术能真实地反映肾动静脉解剖及其变异,可以为亲属肾移植术前选择供肾、制订手术方案提供参考.     

对亲体肾移植供肾者血管影像学诊断方法的评价

目的　对亲体肾移植供肾者血管的影像学诊断方法进行了评价。方法　 30例亲体肾移植供肾者中12例行MSCTA, 10例行肾动脉DSA, 4例行非增强MRA, 3例同时行MSCTA和DSA, 1例同时行DSA和非增强MRA。结果　30例供肾者显示肾动脉 68支,其中 1例左肾动脉早期分支。15例CTA检查中, 13例双肾单支动脉供血,其中 1例左肾动脉分支早,且为双肾盂双输尿管畸形; 1例右肾见 1支副肾动脉, 1例左肾见 1支副肾动脉。有 3例同时做了DSA检查,与CTA显示相似,为单支肾动脉。14例DSA检查, 8例双肾均为单支动脉, 4例一侧见副肾动脉,右侧 2例,左侧 2例。5例行非增强MRA检查, 3例双肾均为单支动脉, 1例左肾见 1支副肾动脉,而右侧 1支副肾动脉未能显示清楚,另 1例右侧肾 1支副肾动脉也未能显示清楚。结论　术前对亲体肾移植供体肾血管行MSCTA和DSA检查结果与手术所见相一致,较非增强MRA检查准确。而MSCTA以其快捷、方便、价廉及无创的优势可以取代DSA。     

64层CT VR技术在活体肾移植供体血管评价中的应用

目的 探讨MSCT血管造影容积再现(VR)技术在活体肾供体术前综合评价中的应用价值. 资料与方法 对55例供体术前的肾脏血管结构的MSCT VR表现进行分析. 结果 19例可见25支副肾动脉、2例可见肾动脉过早分支、2例可见单侧双肾静脉、1例可见肠系膜上动脉压迫肾静脉.合乎临床要求的供肾46例. 结论 MSCT VR可较好地显示供体术前的肾脏血管结构.     

多层螺旋CT在活体肾移植术前的综合评估价值

目的：评价多层螺旋CT在活体肾移植术前的综合评估价值。方法：用16层螺旋CT机对36例患者（男31例,女5例,平均年龄29.6岁）行平扫、动脉期及静脉期增强扫描,19例同时行延迟期扫描。结果：36例共检出72个肾脏,其中22例的双侧肾脏均为单支肾动脉供血。14例可见副肾动脉,发生率38.8%,共检出副肾动脉18支,其中左侧10支,右侧8支,10例为单侧单支副肾动脉,2例为单侧双支副肾动脉,2例为双侧副肾动脉。5例可见肾动脉过早分支,发生率13.9%。共检出肾静脉75支,双侧双支肾静脉1例,左侧双支肾静脉1例。左侧粗大的性腺静脉1例,双侧下腔静脉1例。肝右动脉源自肠系膜上动脉的副肝动脉1例。另外2例可见小的肾囊肿,2例有小结石。36例中有31例供体肾符合手术标准做了移植手术。31例手术病例中,1例术中发现一支细小的副肾动脉,而2名放射医师均未报告,其余术中所见与MDCT报告相符合。结论：多层螺旋CT能一站式了解供体肾的血管结构、肾实质及输尿管,可作为肾移植供体术前的首选影像学检查方法。     

64层螺旋CT在活体肾移植供体术前评价中的应用

目的 探讨64层螺旋CT(64-SCT)在活体.肾移植供体术前评价中的应用价值.资料与方法 对58例活体肾移植供体应用64-SCT进行肾皮质期、实质期、排泄期扫描.所得数据传至Vitrea 2工作站,采用容积再现(VR)、曲面重组(CPR)、多平面重组(MPR)、最大密度投影(MIP)等后处理技术重组肾实质、肾血管、肾盂及输尿管图像,其中35例与取肾手术进行对照.结果 58例中双肾动脉单支型40例(68.97%),双肾动脉双支型6例(10.34%).右肾静脉单支型49例(84.48%),双支型9例(15.52%),左肾静脉单支型57例(98.28%).双肾盂、中上段输尿管均未见明显异常.64-SCT对肾动脉、肾盂及输尿管显示的敏感性和特异性均为100%;对肾静脉显示的准确性为97.14%;对单支肾静脉显示的敏感性为100%,特异性为50%.结论 64-SCT能较全面地显示供体肾实质、肾动静脉、肾盂、中上段输尿管解剖及变异,可为临床选择合适的供肾提供可靠依据.     

MSCT在活体肾移植术前评估中的应用

目的:探讨MSCT在活体肾移植供体术前评价中的价值.方法:174例供肾者接受了MSCT多期扫描,所有图像由2位放射科医师进行分析和评价,记录肾血管和集尿系统的解剖、变异以及其他可能影响肾移植的因素.与术中结果对照,计算MSCT对肾移植供体术前评价的敏感度和特异度.结果:174例供肾者共检出348个肾,61例供肾者可见副肾动脉,26例供肾者存在肾动脉提前分叉,5例供肾者存在肾盂输尿管重复畸形,29例供肾者存在肾静脉畸形,包括副肾静脉、环腹主动脉左肾静脉、主动脉后左肾静脉.47例供肾者进行供肾切除,其中36例行左肾切除术,11例行右肾切除术.MSCT在诊断肾血管和集尿系统解剖方面,敏感度和特异度均为100％.结论:MSCT可准确显示供肾血管、尿路和肾实质的结构,在活体肾移植术前评估中有重要作用.     

Renal arteriography using gadolinium enhanced 3D MR angiography--clinical experience with the technique, its limitations and pitfalls.

Gadolinium enhanced 3D MR angiography (MRA) is becoming a widely accepted technique for imaging the vascular system. We set out to evaluate its accuracy and reliability in visualization of renal arteries in the clinical setting. Gadolinium enhanced MRA was performed in 15 potential live renal donors and 26 patients suspected of having renal artery stenosis who were referred for digital subtraction angiography (DSA). MRA was performed on a 1.5 T MR scanner in a single breath hold. Images from each study were prospectively analysed for demonstration of number of main and accessory renal arteries and degree of renal artery stenosis in a double blind fashion. All the main and accessory arteries were visualized on MRA in the renal donor group, but in one case a branch was not identified owing to breathing artefact. In one case, an extrarenal vascular anomaly was not demonstrated on MRA. In the renal artery stenosis group, sensitivity, specificity and negative predictive values of 96%, 93% and 96% were obtained for clinically significant stenosis (>50%). Gadolinium enhanced MRA proved to be a useful technique in demonstration of renal arterial anatomy and grading of renal artery stenosis. However, we encountered some pitfalls and limitations of the technique during the process. It is important to be aware of these before accepting it as the sole technique in clinical practice.     

Living related liver transplantation: preoperative magnetic resonance imaging for assessment of hepatic vasculature of donor candidates

Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) for preoperative assessment of hepatic vascular anatomy in liver donors before living related liver transplantation.

Material and Methods: A total of 55 consecutive living liver donors (mean age 42 years, range 18-68 years) underwent multiphase contrast-enhanced MRA of the hepatic vessels. Two readers categorized vessel visualization on a five-point scale and recorded vascular anatomy or variations thereof for the arterial, portal venous and venous systems. All 55 living liver donors subsequently underwent right hemihepatectomy for hemiliver donation, and preoperative MRA results were correlated with surgical findings.

Results: Overall vessel visualization assessment demonstrated good or very good ratings for the majority of patients. For hepatic arteries, the mean score was 4.4±0.8 (mean±standard deviation), and for the portal venous and venous systems it was 4.6±0.7 and 4.3±0.8, respectively. Among all 55 donors, 16 (29%) demonstrated accessory or replaced hepatic arteries, and seven (13%) and 20 (36%) donors had surgically relevant portal vein (trifurcation or early right posterolateral branching types) and hepatic vein variations, respectively. Correlation coefficients between MRA and surgery were 0.94, 1.00 and 0.91 for hepatic arteries, portal veins and hepatic veins, respectively.

Conclusion: In the preoperative evaluation before living related liver donation, contrast-enhanced MR angiography was a highly accurate, noninvasive tool for visualizing the hepatic vasculature and variations thereof in liver donor candidates.     

肝内门静脉和肝静脉的解剖与变异(三维动态增强磁共振血管成像分析)

目的用三维动态增强磁共振血管成像（３ｄｉｍｅｎｔｉｏｎａｌｄｙｎａｍｉｃｃｏｎｔｒａｓｔｅｎｈａｎｃｅｄＭＲＡ,３ＤＤＣＥＭＲＡ）前瞻性地观测肝内门静脉（简称门脉）和肝静脉的解剖和变异。方法共进行１４２例门脉和肝静脉３ＤＤＣＥＭＲＡ检查。对肝内门脉和肝静脉的解剖和变异做分型,计算每一型所占总调查人数的比例,并计算右后下肝静脉的显示率。结果１４２次成像中,８例（５．６％）显示门脉呈三分叉状,７例（４．９％）门脉先分出右后支,然后上行分为左支和右前支,４例（２．８％）门脉右前支源于左支,未发现有门脉左支水平段或右支缺如,余下１２３例（８６．６％）显示正常门脉分支。绝大多数情况下（９５．１％）肝中、肝左静脉合并,而三大支肝静脉单独汇入下腔静脉仅占４．９％。右后下肝静脉的显示率为７．７％。结论肝内门脉变异并不少见。肝中和肝左静脉多合并后汇入下腔静脉。部分病人有较为粗大的右后下肝静脉。３ＤＤＣＥＭＲＡ能方便而清楚地显示上述血管的解剖和变异     

肾动脉高分辨力三维增强磁共振血管成像术:透视触发和并行采集技术使用初探

目的:评估透视触发和并行采集技术用于肾动脉高分辨力三维增强磁共振血管成像术的可行性和对肾动脉的显影诊断效果。方法:90例临床诊断或怀疑肾动脉或腹主动脉病变的患者行高分辨力肾动脉三维增强磁共振血管成像(3D CE MRA)。使用透视触发软件启动肾动脉3D CE MRA扫描,扫描采用K空间中心填充法和加速因子为2的并行采集技术。分析图象质量和病变显示情况,并与其它检查结果对照。结果:肾动脉3D CE MRA显示了90例患者共810支动脉段(100%显示率),平均显示等级为3.88。3D CE MRA显示8例11支副肾动脉,显示等级均为4.0。肾动脉段级分支的显示率为73%(66/90例)。所有病例在动脉显示区静脉均未显影或显影很淡,平均等级为0.20。3D CE MRA发现639支动脉段正常;66支动脉段管壁不规则;55支动脉段轻度狭窄;37支动脉段严重狭窄;2支动脉段闭塞;11支动脉段动脉瘤形成。其中96支肾动脉存在狭窄,11支副肾动脉均正常。共有43例病例,肾动脉3D CE MRA与其它血管成像技术作了比较,3D CE MRA的检查结果与之完全符合。结论:透视触发并行采集肾动脉高分辨力3D CE MRA简单可行,成像时间短,空间分辨力高,能清楚显示肾动脉且无静脉污染。     

Preoperative evaluation of potential living related kidney donors with high-spatial-resolution magnetic resonance (MR) angiography at 3 Tesla: comparison with intraoperative findings

PURPOSE: The purpose of this prospective study was to determine the feasibility and accuracy of high-spatial-resolution MR imaging at 3 Tesla (T) in the preoperative evaluation of potential living related kidney donors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen potential donors (8 men, 10 women; mean age, 50.1 +/- 14.2 years) for renal transplantation were evaluated with 3 T MR imaging. A high-spatial-resolution 3-dimensional (3D) gradient-echo MR angiography (repetition time/echo time, 3.0/1.14 ms; flip, 19-23 degrees; matrix, 512; slice thickness, 1.0 mm) using parallel acquisition technique (GRAPPA) with an acceleration factor of 3 was performed on a whole body scanner. Images were evaluated in a prospective and blinded fashion by 2 MR radiologists. The number of renal arteries, presence of early branches (defined as a branch arising within 2 cm of the main renal ostium), and renal artery stenosis were analyzed. The renal parenchyma, collecting system and ureters, were evaluated on the MR urograms. Interpretation of MR images were compared with surgical findings. RESULTS: Based on MR angiography data sets, a total of 36 main and 9 accessory renal arteries was found. There were 5 renal arteries presenting an early branching (相似文献   

脑血管畸形的MRI及MRA诊断

目的：研究脑动静脉畸形与海绵状血管瘤的ＭＲＩ及ＭＲＡ特征，评价不同的成像方法对脑血管畸形的诊断价值。材料与方法：对２１例脑动静脉畸形及６例海绵状血管瘤分别作了常规ＭＲ成像及ＭＲ血管成像，ＭＲＩ采用ＳＥＴ１和Ｔｕｒｂｏ ＳＥ Ｔ２加权序列，ＭＲＡ采用２Ｄ－ＦＬＡＳＨ及３Ｄ－ＦＩＳＰ序列，６例海绵状血管瘤ＭＲＡ仅使用２Ｄ－ＦＬＡＳＨ序列。所有成像以环形激化头线圈在１．０Ｔ ＭＲ仪上完成。结果：Ｔ１及Ｔ     

Contrast-enhanced three-dimensional fast-spoiled gradient magnetic resonance angiography of the renal arteries for potential living renal transplant donors: a comparative study with digital subtraction angiography

Preoperative assessment of the arterial anatomy of prospective renal donors is essential. Various non-invasive techniques are used for such evaluation. We conducted this study using contrast-enhanced 3-D fast-spoiled gradient (CE 3-D FSPGR) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) on a 1.0 Tesla magnet, for preoperative definition of the renal arteries. Forty-five preoperative living renal donors underwent CE 3-D FSPGR MRA of the renal vessels and the results were compared with conventional digital subtraction angiography (DSA). The renal vascular anatomy, both normal and with variations, was satisfactorily defined in all 45 cases with CE 3-D FSPGR MRA. Fifteen cases showed an accessory or aberrant arterial supply. A small aneurysm was shown in one case. All cases compared well with conventional DSA. Our study revealed that CE 3-D FSPGR MRA on a lower field strength magnet is accurate in defining the renal vascular anatomy and its variations.