重组人黄体生成素在体外受精-胚胎移植促排卵治疗中的应用

Objective To evaluate application of recombinant human luteinizing hormone (r-hLH)used in ovarian stimulation of assisted reproductive technique and impact on outcome of pregnancy. Methods From Apr. To Jul. 2009, 123 patients with low LH level ( < 1 U/L) at day 3 of menstruation and downregulation of pituitary function undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) in Reproductive Medical Center, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University were enrolled in this study, whom were classified into 66 cases treated by r-hLH in r-hLH group and 57 cases without r-hLH treatment in non-r-hLH group. In the mean time, 145 patients with normal level of serum LH ( 1-2 U/L) not given by r-hLH treatment and undergoing IVF-ET were matched as control group. Total amount of gonadotropin, estradiol levels and LH levels on the administration of human chorionic gonadotropin ( hCG), number of oocytes retrieved, number of 2PN zygotes, rate of high quality embryos, the rates of implantation and clinical pregnancy were compared among these three groups. Results The level of serum LH on the day of hCG administration were ( 1.59 ± 0.77 ) U/L in r-hLH group, (0.54 ± 0.25 ) U/L in non-r-hLH group and (2.39 ± 1.01 ) U/L in control group, which reached tatistical difference between every two groups (P < 0.05). The rates of high quality embryo were 59.36％ in r-hLH group, 57.79％ in non-r-hLH group,which were significantly lower than 65.94％ in control group, respectively (P < 0. 05 ). The rates of 2PN were 67.62％ in r-hLH group and 68. 32％ in control group, which were significantly higher than 62. 84％ in non-r-hLH group, respectively ( P < 0.05 ). The rates of implantation of 29.77％ in r-hLH group were significantly higher than 18.26％ in non-r-hLH group ( P < 0.05 ). The total amount of gonadotropin,estradiol level on the day of hCG administration, the number of oocytes retrieved, and clinical pregnancy rate were not significantly different among those three groups ( P > 0.05 ). Conclusion The administration of recombinant human uteinizing hormone in patients who are profoundly suppressed after down-regulation with long protocol can get more quality embryos, the higher rates of 2PN and implantation.     

妊娠期糖尿病母鼠血清晚期糖基化终产物与子鼠心脏发育异常的关系

Objective To explore the effect of advanced glycation end product(AGE) in serum of maternal rats with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on the heart development of their offsprings. Methods Fifty-four SD rats were randomly assigned into control group (n= 24) and GDM group (n=30) which were established by administration of streptozotocin intra-abdominally. On the gestational age of 13, 16, 19 days, all rats underwent hysterectomy to obtain the fetal heart tissues. Serum level of AGE and blood glucose level of maternal rats were tested. The expression of receptor AGE (RAGE) in fetal cardiac tissue were detected by immunohistoehemistry. Results The incidence of fetal heart defect in GDM group was significantly higher than the control group at each time point (P<0.01). Rats in GDM group had higher blood glucose level at each time point (P<0.01). The AGE levels of GDM group on gestational age of 13, 16 and 19 day [(5.72±0.68) U/mgpr, (7.31±0.29) U/mgpr and (7.77±0.39) U/mgpr] were significantly higher than those of the control group [(4.45±0.27) U/mgpr, (4.71±0. 35) U/mgpr and (4. 37±0. 44) U/rngpr] (t=6. 142, 16. 295, 0. 399,P<0. 01). The number of heart malformation in fetal rats (r=0.994,P=0. 000) and blood glucose (r=0. 717,P=0. 000) had the positive relationship with the maternal serum AGE level. The expression of RAGE in fetal heart was positively related with the number of fetal heart malformation (r= 0. 638,P= 0. 004). Conclusions The increased maternal serum AGE level in GDM rats may be an important factor in fetal heart dysplasia.     

妊娠期糖尿病母鼠血清晚期糖基化终产物与子鼠心脏发育异常的关系

Objective To explore the effect of advanced glycation end product(AGE) in serum of maternal rats with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on the heart development of their offsprings. Methods Fifty-four SD rats were randomly assigned into control group (n= 24) and GDM group (n=30) which were established by administration of streptozotocin intra-abdominally. On the gestational age of 13, 16, 19 days, all rats underwent hysterectomy to obtain the fetal heart tissues. Serum level of AGE and blood glucose level of maternal rats were tested. The expression of receptor AGE (RAGE) in fetal cardiac tissue were detected by immunohistoehemistry. Results The incidence of fetal heart defect in GDM group was significantly higher than the control group at each time point (P<0.01). Rats in GDM group had higher blood glucose level at each time point (P<0.01). The AGE levels of GDM group on gestational age of 13, 16 and 19 day [(5.72±0.68) U/mgpr, (7.31±0.29) U/mgpr and (7.77±0.39) U/mgpr] were significantly higher than those of the control group [(4.45±0.27) U/mgpr, (4.71±0. 35) U/mgpr and (4. 37±0. 44) U/rngpr] (t=6. 142, 16. 295, 0. 399,P<0. 01). The number of heart malformation in fetal rats (r=0.994,P=0. 000) and blood glucose (r=0. 717,P=0. 000) had the positive relationship with the maternal serum AGE level. The expression of RAGE in fetal heart was positively related with the number of fetal heart malformation (r= 0. 638,P= 0. 004). Conclusions The increased maternal serum AGE level in GDM rats may be an important factor in fetal heart dysplasia.     

妊娠期糖尿病母鼠血清晚期糖基化终产物与子鼠心脏发育异常的关系

Objective To explore the effect of advanced glycation end product(AGE) in serum of maternal rats with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on the heart development of their offsprings. Methods Fifty-four SD rats were randomly assigned into control group (n= 24) and GDM group (n=30) which were established by administration of streptozotocin intra-abdominally. On the gestational age of 13, 16, 19 days, all rats underwent hysterectomy to obtain the fetal heart tissues. Serum level of AGE and blood glucose level of maternal rats were tested. The expression of receptor AGE (RAGE) in fetal cardiac tissue were detected by immunohistoehemistry. Results The incidence of fetal heart defect in GDM group was significantly higher than the control group at each time point (P<0.01). Rats in GDM group had higher blood glucose level at each time point (P<0.01). The AGE levels of GDM group on gestational age of 13, 16 and 19 day [(5.72±0.68) U/mgpr, (7.31±0.29) U/mgpr and (7.77±0.39) U/mgpr] were significantly higher than those of the control group [(4.45±0.27) U/mgpr, (4.71±0. 35) U/mgpr and (4. 37±0. 44) U/rngpr] (t=6. 142, 16. 295, 0. 399,P<0. 01). The number of heart malformation in fetal rats (r=0.994,P=0. 000) and blood glucose (r=0. 717,P=0. 000) had the positive relationship with the maternal serum AGE level. The expression of RAGE in fetal heart was positively related with the number of fetal heart malformation (r= 0. 638,P= 0. 004). Conclusions The increased maternal serum AGE level in GDM rats may be an important factor in fetal heart dysplasia.     

妊娠期糖尿病母鼠血清晚期糖基化终产物与子鼠心脏发育异常的关系

Objective To explore the effect of advanced glycation end product(AGE) in serum of maternal rats with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on the heart development of their offsprings. Methods Fifty-four SD rats were randomly assigned into control group (n= 24) and GDM group (n=30) which were established by administration of streptozotocin intra-abdominally. On the gestational age of 13, 16, 19 days, all rats underwent hysterectomy to obtain the fetal heart tissues. Serum level of AGE and blood glucose level of maternal rats were tested. The expression of receptor AGE (RAGE) in fetal cardiac tissue were detected by immunohistoehemistry. Results The incidence of fetal heart defect in GDM group was significantly higher than the control group at each time point (P<0.01). Rats in GDM group had higher blood glucose level at each time point (P<0.01). The AGE levels of GDM group on gestational age of 13, 16 and 19 day [(5.72±0.68) U/mgpr, (7.31±0.29) U/mgpr and (7.77±0.39) U/mgpr] were significantly higher than those of the control group [(4.45±0.27) U/mgpr, (4.71±0. 35) U/mgpr and (4. 37±0. 44) U/rngpr] (t=6. 142, 16. 295, 0. 399,P<0. 01). The number of heart malformation in fetal rats (r=0.994,P=0. 000) and blood glucose (r=0. 717,P=0. 000) had the positive relationship with the maternal serum AGE level. The expression of RAGE in fetal heart was positively related with the number of fetal heart malformation (r= 0. 638,P= 0. 004). Conclusions The increased maternal serum AGE level in GDM rats may be an important factor in fetal heart dysplasia.     

妊娠期糖尿病母鼠血清晚期糖基化终产物与子鼠心脏发育异常的关系

Objective To explore the effect of advanced glycation end product(AGE) in serum of maternal rats with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on the heart development of their offsprings. Methods Fifty-four SD rats were randomly assigned into control group (n= 24) and GDM group (n=30) which were established by administration of streptozotocin intra-abdominally. On the gestational age of 13, 16, 19 days, all rats underwent hysterectomy to obtain the fetal heart tissues. Serum level of AGE and blood glucose level of maternal rats were tested. The expression of receptor AGE (RAGE) in fetal cardiac tissue were detected by immunohistoehemistry. Results The incidence of fetal heart defect in GDM group was significantly higher than the control group at each time point (P<0.01). Rats in GDM group had higher blood glucose level at each time point (P<0.01). The AGE levels of GDM group on gestational age of 13, 16 and 19 day [(5.72±0.68) U/mgpr, (7.31±0.29) U/mgpr and (7.77±0.39) U/mgpr] were significantly higher than those of the control group [(4.45±0.27) U/mgpr, (4.71±0. 35) U/mgpr and (4. 37±0. 44) U/rngpr] (t=6. 142, 16. 295, 0. 399,P<0. 01). The number of heart malformation in fetal rats (r=0.994,P=0. 000) and blood glucose (r=0. 717,P=0. 000) had the positive relationship with the maternal serum AGE level. The expression of RAGE in fetal heart was positively related with the number of fetal heart malformation (r= 0. 638,P= 0. 004). Conclusions The increased maternal serum AGE level in GDM rats may be an important factor in fetal heart dysplasia.     

妊娠期糖尿病母鼠血清晚期糖基化终产物与子鼠心脏发育异常的关系

Objective To explore the effect of advanced glycation end product(AGE) in serum of maternal rats with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on the heart development of their offsprings. Methods Fifty-four SD rats were randomly assigned into control group (n= 24) and GDM group (n=30) which were established by administration of streptozotocin intra-abdominally. On the gestational age of 13, 16, 19 days, all rats underwent hysterectomy to obtain the fetal heart tissues. Serum level of AGE and blood glucose level of maternal rats were tested. The expression of receptor AGE (RAGE) in fetal cardiac tissue were detected by immunohistoehemistry. Results The incidence of fetal heart defect in GDM group was significantly higher than the control group at each time point (P<0.01). Rats in GDM group had higher blood glucose level at each time point (P<0.01). The AGE levels of GDM group on gestational age of 13, 16 and 19 day [(5.72±0.68) U/mgpr, (7.31±0.29) U/mgpr and (7.77±0.39) U/mgpr] were significantly higher than those of the control group [(4.45±0.27) U/mgpr, (4.71±0. 35) U/mgpr and (4. 37±0. 44) U/rngpr] (t=6. 142, 16. 295, 0. 399,P<0. 01). The number of heart malformation in fetal rats (r=0.994,P=0. 000) and blood glucose (r=0. 717,P=0. 000) had the positive relationship with the maternal serum AGE level. The expression of RAGE in fetal heart was positively related with the number of fetal heart malformation (r= 0. 638,P= 0. 004). Conclusions The increased maternal serum AGE level in GDM rats may be an important factor in fetal heart dysplasia.     

妊娠期糖尿病母鼠血清晚期糖基化终产物与子鼠心脏发育异常的关系

Objective To explore the effect of advanced glycation end product(AGE) in serum of maternal rats with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on the heart development of their offsprings. Methods Fifty-four SD rats were randomly assigned into control group (n= 24) and GDM group (n=30) which were established by administration of streptozotocin intra-abdominally. On the gestational age of 13, 16, 19 days, all rats underwent hysterectomy to obtain the fetal heart tissues. Serum level of AGE and blood glucose level of maternal rats were tested. The expression of receptor AGE (RAGE) in fetal cardiac tissue were detected by immunohistoehemistry. Results The incidence of fetal heart defect in GDM group was significantly higher than the control group at each time point (P<0.01). Rats in GDM group had higher blood glucose level at each time point (P<0.01). The AGE levels of GDM group on gestational age of 13, 16 and 19 day [(5.72±0.68) U/mgpr, (7.31±0.29) U/mgpr and (7.77±0.39) U/mgpr] were significantly higher than those of the control group [(4.45±0.27) U/mgpr, (4.71±0. 35) U/mgpr and (4. 37±0. 44) U/rngpr] (t=6. 142, 16. 295, 0. 399,P<0. 01). The number of heart malformation in fetal rats (r=0.994,P=0. 000) and blood glucose (r=0. 717,P=0. 000) had the positive relationship with the maternal serum AGE level. The expression of RAGE in fetal heart was positively related with the number of fetal heart malformation (r= 0. 638,P= 0. 004). Conclusions The increased maternal serum AGE level in GDM rats may be an important factor in fetal heart dysplasia.     

妊娠期糖尿病母鼠血清晚期糖基化终产物与子鼠心脏发育异常的关系

Objective To explore the effect of advanced glycation end product(AGE) in serum of maternal rats with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on the heart development of their offsprings. Methods Fifty-four SD rats were randomly assigned into control group (n= 24) and GDM group (n=30) which were established by administration of streptozotocin intra-abdominally. On the gestational age of 13, 16, 19 days, all rats underwent hysterectomy to obtain the fetal heart tissues. Serum level of AGE and blood glucose level of maternal rats were tested. The expression of receptor AGE (RAGE) in fetal cardiac tissue were detected by immunohistoehemistry. Results The incidence of fetal heart defect in GDM group was significantly higher than the control group at each time point (P<0.01). Rats in GDM group had higher blood glucose level at each time point (P<0.01). The AGE levels of GDM group on gestational age of 13, 16 and 19 day [(5.72±0.68) U/mgpr, (7.31±0.29) U/mgpr and (7.77±0.39) U/mgpr] were significantly higher than those of the control group [(4.45±0.27) U/mgpr, (4.71±0. 35) U/mgpr and (4. 37±0. 44) U/rngpr] (t=6. 142, 16. 295, 0. 399,P<0. 01). The number of heart malformation in fetal rats (r=0.994,P=0. 000) and blood glucose (r=0. 717,P=0. 000) had the positive relationship with the maternal serum AGE level. The expression of RAGE in fetal heart was positively related with the number of fetal heart malformation (r= 0. 638,P= 0. 004). Conclusions The increased maternal serum AGE level in GDM rats may be an important factor in fetal heart dysplasia.     

妊娠期糖尿病母鼠血清晚期糖基化终产物与子鼠心脏发育异常的关系

Objective To explore the effect of advanced glycation end product(AGE) in serum of maternal rats with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on the heart development of their offsprings. Methods Fifty-four SD rats were randomly assigned into control group (n= 24) and GDM group (n=30) which were established by administration of streptozotocin intra-abdominally. On the gestational age of 13, 16, 19 days, all rats underwent hysterectomy to obtain the fetal heart tissues. Serum level of AGE and blood glucose level of maternal rats were tested. The expression of receptor AGE (RAGE) in fetal cardiac tissue were detected by immunohistoehemistry. Results The incidence of fetal heart defect in GDM group was significantly higher than the control group at each time point (P<0.01). Rats in GDM group had higher blood glucose level at each time point (P<0.01). The AGE levels of GDM group on gestational age of 13, 16 and 19 day [(5.72±0.68) U/mgpr, (7.31±0.29) U/mgpr and (7.77±0.39) U/mgpr] were significantly higher than those of the control group [(4.45±0.27) U/mgpr, (4.71±0. 35) U/mgpr and (4. 37±0. 44) U/rngpr] (t=6. 142, 16. 295, 0. 399,P<0. 01). The number of heart malformation in fetal rats (r=0.994,P=0. 000) and blood glucose (r=0. 717,P=0. 000) had the positive relationship with the maternal serum AGE level. The expression of RAGE in fetal heart was positively related with the number of fetal heart malformation (r= 0. 638,P= 0. 004). Conclusions The increased maternal serum AGE level in GDM rats may be an important factor in fetal heart dysplasia.     

Abortion in France in 1977

This update of legal abortion in France begins with the history of abortion, the French abortion law, and application since its passage in 1975, and evaluates current acceptance by French physicians. In France, abortion was outlawed in 1923, with the highest numbers of convictions, 5521, in 1946. Increasingly since the late 1960s, the law was neither heeded nor enforced, resulting in a new liberalized law passed in 1975, and put into effect over the next 2 years. Some of the difficulties encountered in implementing legal abortion were: the decision to permit abortion only in approved hospitals, rather than to allow establishment of abortion clinics; resistance of many hospitals or individuals against performing abortions; fixed prices for physicians fees (160 F.) and quotas of 25% of the total surgical and obstetrical patient load; regional variations in availability of abortion; and waiting periods. These problems have led to continuation of black market abortions, fraud in reporting numbers of abortions performed, and have forced some women to travel to other regions of the country or to other countries to obtain safe abortions. Only the 1975 figures are available: there were 45,085 legal abortions, 32,923 in public hospitals and 12,792 in private hospitals. Abortions are easily obtained in large cities and the Southeast, Central and Breton regions but less so in the North and Southwest.