龙岩市新罗区2012年二次供水水质监测结果分析

目的了解新罗区二次供水的卫生状况,为二次供水管理提供依据。方法据GB/T 5750-2006《生活饮用水卫生标准检验方法》对2012年二次供水进行检测分析,按GB 5749-2006《生活饮用水卫生标准》对结果进行评价。结果 2012年新罗区二次供水水水样266份,合格率为85.0%,检测项目以菌落总数合格率最低（92.1%）。结论新罗区二次供水水质合格率较低,污染主要为微生物污染,应加强卫生监管。     

2012年温州市瓯海区饮用水水质分析

目的了解温州市瓯海区居民饮用水水质情况,为加强饮用水卫生管理提供依据。方法按《生活饮用水卫生标准检验方法》(GB 5750-2006)进行采样检测;按《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行评价。结果集中式供水水样合格率为91.1%;分散式供水水样合格率为23.1%;不合格项目有菌落总数、总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群、浑浊度、pH、Fe、Pb。结论农村分散式供水水质差,应引起相关部门重视。     

2011—2013年烟台市城市生活饮用水水质分析

目的分析烟台市近年来城市生活饮用水卫生状况及变化趋势,为保障城市居民饮水安全提供科学依据。方法 2011—2013年连续3年选取烟台市区出厂水、末梢水和二次供水进行监测。水样的采集、保存、运输和检验按照《生活饮用水标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750-2006)进行。结果按照《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行评价。烟台市2011—2013年共监测1032份水样,生活饮用水水质总体合格率为82.46%,各年水质合格率差别无统计学意义(P=2.59,P>0.05),其中市政供水出厂水的合格率为100%,检测结果显示烟台市出厂水水质完全符合《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)要求。市政供水管网末梢水的合格率为82.36%,主要不合格指标为菌落总数、游离性余氯和浑浊度;二次供水的合格率为77.50%,主要不合格因素为菌落总数、溶解性总固体、总硬度和游离性余氯。结论烟台市的市政水质比较稳定,末梢水水质的合格率较高,但仍有不合格因素,卫生状况存在隐患,应进一步加强对生活饮用水特别是二次供水的监管。     

2010年西平县农村生活饮用水水质卫生学监测结果分析

目的 了解2010年西平县农村居民生活饮用水的卫生状况.方法 根据供水方式及饮用人口按照随机整群抽样原则设立监测点,集中式供水采集末梢水,分散供水采集农户家中储水器水样,水样检验按GB/T5750-2006<生活饮用水卫生标准检验方法>,检测结果按GB/T5749-2006<生活饮用水卫生标准>进行评价.结果 全年共检测水样247份,合格172份,总合格率69.60%,不合格项目主要为菌落总数、总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群、浑浊度、硝酸盐氮、铁、锰.集中式供水和分散式供水合格率分别为91.70%、48.80%,两者差异有统计学意义,冬春季与夏秋季的监测合格率分别为84.00%、60.50%,两者之间差异有统计学意义.结论 西平县农村饮用水水质监测合格率较低,水质较差,但集中式供水的水质明显好于分散式供水水质,尤其是夏秋季的水质污染较重,必须加强管理,确保饮水安全.     

2015年绵阳市农村饮用水水质监测结果

目的了解绵阳市农村饮用水水质现状,及时掌握农村饮水安全工程卫生状况。方法对绵阳市农村饮用水安全工程进行基本情况调查和水样检测,按GB/T 5750-2006《生活饮用水标准检验方法》检测,按GB 5749-2006《生活饮用水卫生标准》评价。结果绵阳市农村供水方式以分散式供水为主,水源类型以地下水为主,集中式供水以完全处理工程和仅消毒处理制水方式为主,分别占31.60%和33.85%。分散式供水以机器取水为主,占83.30%。抽检水样1 230份,合格率57.24%;枯水期水样合格率和丰水期水样合格率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。不合格指标中,消毒剂指标和总大肠菌群合格率最低。结论绵阳市农村饮用水安全工程消毒制度执行不彻底,微生物指标合格率不高,多数水厂缺乏自检能力。     

鄂伦春自治旗农村饮用水水质调查及分析

目的:通过对鄂伦春自治旗农村饮用水水质进行监测,为改善鄂伦春自治旗农村饮用水卫生状况,保证农村饮用水安全,促进农村水改事业的发展提供理论依据。方法:水样的采集、保存及卫生检测按《生活饮用水标准检验方法》(GB/T5750-2006)进行操作,检测结果按《小型集中式供水和分散式供水卫生标准》(GB5749-2006)评价,所检测的18项指标有一项不合格则该水样即评价为不合格。结果:共检测各类水样425份,总合格率为34.35%。各类水质总合格率分别为:自来水出厂水80.00%、自来水末梢水68.75%、机电井水箱水43.18%、机电井末梢水20.45%、手压井水19.46%。合格率低的指标主要是菌落总数、总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群以及水中的铁。结论:鄂伦春自治旗农村饮用水卫生状况令人担忧,相关部门应给予高度重视,农村改水工作迫在眉睫,应推行集中式供水。     

2016年泸州市生活饮用水监测结果分析

目的:了解泸州市生活饮用水卫生状况和水质质量,及时发现生活饮用水卫生安全隐患,预防介水传染病的发生.方法:按照《生活饮用水标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750-2006)进行水样采集和检测,结果按照《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行评价和分析.结果:共检测水样688份,合格率为83.58％.集中式供水...     

2011-2012年黎平县农村集中式供水水质检测结果分析

目的了解黎平县农村集中式供水水质状况,为政府部门提供决策依据。方法按照GB/T5750-2006《生活饮用水标准检验方法》的规定进行水样的采集、保存、运输和检测,利用GB5749-2006《生活饮用水卫生标准》进行评价。结果 89个供水检测单位,采集水样356份,合格46份,合格率为12.92%。其中:感观合格率99.44%,一般化学指标合格率87.36%,毒理学指标合格率100%,微生物学指标合格率16.01%。结论黎平县农村集中式供水水质合格率低,应加强集中式生活饮用水消毒和管理,以保证农村居民生活饮用水安全。     

庄河市2010年农村生活饮用水水质卫生调查分析

目的:了解庄河市农村居民生活饮用水水质卫生状况,为保证农村居民生活饮用水水质卫生提供科学依据。方法:按照《生活饮用水标准检验方法》(GB/T5750-2006)和《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB/T5749-2006)进行检验和评价,对全市农村集中式供水进行卫生质量的调查与分析。结果:共检测分析水样60份,检测20项指标,其中合格43份,不合格为17份,合格率为71.67%。结论:庄河市农村集中式供水的水质卫生状况亟待改善,建议有关部门加强监督管理,提高质量。     

漳州市芗城区2004-2009年二次供水水质检测分析

目的 了解漳州市芗城区二次供水水质情况.方法 据《生活饮用水卫生规范》和GB 5750-2006《生活饮用水卫生标准检验方法》进行检测,按GB 5749-2006《生活饮用水卫生标准》进行评价.结果 2004-2009年监测二次供水水样共3 598份,项次合格率为87.2％,其中臭和味、肉眼可见物合格率均在99.5％以...     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.