额颞部开颅术后硬膜下积液诊治分析

目的探讨额颞部开颅术后硬膜下积液的预防和诊治。方法以非手术为主,包括单纯减压窗加压包扎、积液穿刺并加压包扎,并腰穿放脑脊液,少用或不用脱水剂及改善脑部微循环、神经营养治疗;手术治疗包括：颅骨钻孔引流术、积液腔-腹腔分流术。共治疗额颡部开颅术后出现硬膜下积液患者共31例。结果31例中,行颅骨钻孔硬膜下积液引流术者3例,17例行减压窗弹力绷带加压包扎,11例于减压窗皮瓣下穿刺抽液并弹力绷带加压包扎,弹力绷带包扎者行腰穿放脑脊液。1～2周后复查头颅CT,积液消失者24例,5例积液明显消退,2例头颅CT监测积液有逐渐增多。积液增多者2例行积液腔-腹腔分流术,术后复查头颅CT积液量明显减少。结论额颗部开颅术后硬膜下积液,以预防为先,严格把握去骨瓣减压手术适应证,术中注意冲洗硬膜下血肿及使蛛网膜下腔出血尽量排出,术后注意脱水剂使用的量及时间,及早发现并采取治疗措施。治疗关键在于早期诊断、早期治疗,通过动态头颅CT检查,适当选择治疗方法,并严格掌握手术指征,从而降低术后硬膜下积液发生率及对患者的继发性损伤。     

弹力绷带在预防去骨瓣减压患者术后硬膜下积液中的作用

目的探讨早期应用弹力绷带在去骨瓣减压术后硬膜下积液中的预防作用。方法回顾性分析2008年1月~2014年12月我科因颅脑外伤行去骨瓣减压术63例资料,2012年1月后术后早期(3天内)给予弹力绷带(弹力绷带组,n=27),2011年12月前术后早期未应用弹力绷带(对照组,n=36)。比较2组硬膜下积液发生率及各部位硬膜下积液(同侧大脑凸面、对侧大脑凸面、同侧大脑镰旁)发生率。结果 27例(42.9%)出现硬膜下积液,早期应用弹力绷带组硬膜下积液发生率25.9%(7/27),较对照组(20/36,55.6%)明显降低(χ2=5.531,P=0.019)。早期应用弹力绷带组同侧大脑镰旁硬膜下积液发生率(1/27,3.7%)较对照组(12/36,33.3%)明显降低(χ2=8.271,P=0.004),其他部位硬膜下积液2组间比较无显著性差异。2组间硬膜下积液量的比较无显著性差异(t=-0.839,P=0.409)。结论硬膜下积液是去骨瓣减压术后常见的并发症,早期应用弹力绷带可显著降低术后硬膜下积液的发生率。     

硬膜下腔-腹腔分流术治疗硬膜下积液的临床研究

<正>1996年10月至2007年10月,本院共收治硬膜下积液病人350例,其中手术治疗45例。现报道如下。1方法与对象1.1一般资料:本组手术治疗45例,其中男30例,女15例;年龄4～76岁,平均(51.6±10.2)岁,其中大于60岁26例,占     

颞肌填塞加蛛网膜开窗术治疗外伤性硬膜下积液

<正>外伤性硬膜下积液(traumatic sub-dural effusion,TSE)是指颅脑创伤后,各种原因导致的硬脑膜下间隙脑脊液的聚积,又称外伤性硬膜     

急性硬膜下血肿清除术后迟发性硬膜下积液的诊治

目的 探讨急性硬膜下血肿清除术后硬膜下积液的原因、早期诊断、手术治疗方法和疗效。方法 对急性硬膜下血肿后硬膜下积液29例进行回顾性分析。结果 痊愈14例，占48．7％；轻残5例，占17．2％；重残4例，占13．8％；植物状态3例，占10．3％，死亡3例，占10．3％。引流效果良好，无一例颅内感染。结论 急性硬膜下血肿清除后可能发生硬膜下积液；术后意识无改善或意识好转后又加重、出现颅内压增高征象、神经系统定位体征、减压区膨隆、瞳孔及生命体征改变应予CT检查可明确诊断：积液区颅骨钻孔或减压区小切口置管引流简便易行，有效满意疗效。     

去骨瓣减压术后硬膜下积液40例治疗体会

目的探讨重度颅脑损伤去骨瓣减压术后硬膜下积液的治疗方法和效果。方法对2005年1月至2010年12月40例去骨瓣减压术后硬膜下积液患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果40例中,保守治疗28例,24例积液明显减少或消失;2例积液无明显变化,继续随访;2例积液增多,1例行钻孔引流术积液消失;1例钻孔引流后无效而行颞肌填塞术,积液仍无减少而改行积液腔一腹腔分流术积液消失。12例手术患者中,8例行钻孔引流术积液消失,3例钻孔引流术无效而行积液腔-腹腔分流术,1例直接行积液腔-腹腔分流术积液均消失。结论重度颅脑损伤去骨瓣减压术后硬膜下积液多数经保守治疗有效,对于需手术患者行钻孔引流术和积液腔-腹腔分流术效果良好。     

静脉留置针穿刺引流治疗脑外伤术后硬膜下积液26例临床分析

外伤性硬膜下积液又称外伤性硬膜下水瘤,是颅脑损伤后常见并发症,发病率约为颅脑损伤的1．16％。2008年1月～2009年12月我科采用静脉留置针穿刺引流治疗脑外伤术后并发硬膜下积液患者26例,效果满意,报告如下。     

蛛网膜下腔沟通术加带蒂颞肌瓣填塞在复发性硬膜下积液手术中的应用

目的 探讨复发性硬膜下积液的手术治疗。方法 对20例复发性硬膜下积液采用蛛网膜下腔沟通术加带蒂颞肌瓣填塞术治疗。结果 20例病人术后2周内均行CT复查,显效18例,有效2例。随诊6~24月,均恢复良好,无硬膜下积液复发。结论 采用蛛网膜下腔沟通术加带蒂颞肌瓣填塞治疗复发性硬膜下积液,术式简单,创伤小,疗效确切,不失为治疗硬膜下积液的一种较好临床方法。     

大骨瓣减压术后并发硬膜下积液的治疗体会

目的探讨去大骨瓣减压术后并发硬膜下积液的治疗方法和效果。方法回顾分析20例大骨瓣减压术后并发硬膜下积液病例．对其发病机制、临床表现、治疗处理进行讨论。结论硬膜下积液大多愈后良好,在手术治疗的选择上,应用钻孔引流、腰大池置管引流、或两者兼用的治疗方法简易、安全、有效,更宜于基层医院神经外科的应用。结果本组9例手术治疗中,5例行钻孔外引流术,2例治愈,1例好转;2例积液复发;4例（包括复发2例）行钻孔引流＋腰大池池置管引流,2例治愈,2例好转;1例单独行腰大池池置管引流后治愈;1例演变为慢性硬膜下血肿行钻孔引流术治愈。     

Intraspinal level of motoneurons innervating cervical nerve roots and forefoot muscles of the rat

The intraspinal distribution of motoneurons innervating the cervical nerve roots and forefoot muscles of the Wistar rat was investigated by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) method. The vertebral body and spinal cord segmental levels were also compared. After injecting HRP into the nerve roots from C5 to Th1, the proportion of stained cells which appeared within the bound of in each segment was 94.7%, 95.7%, 95.9%, 92.9%, and 94.0%, respectively. Of the motoneurons innervating the deltoid muscle, 80.3% were distributed in the C5 and C6 segments, and 92.2% of the motoneurons innervating the biceps brachii muscle were distributed in C5 and C6. Of the motoneurons innervating the triceps brachii, 93.3% were in C7 and C8, and 85.4% of the motoneurons innervating the extensor carpi radialis were in C7 and C8; 97.4% of the motoneurons innervating the flexor digitorum muscles were in C8 and Th1 and 91.1% of those innervating the flexor carpi ulnaris were in C8 and Th1. The levels of the spinal cord were virtually all one segment cranial compared to the levels of the corresponding vertebral bodies. These findings are similar to the results reported by Zancolli (Zancolli EA.Structural and dynamic basis of hand surgery. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott, 1968:155–74.). However, we found that the distribution of motoneurons innervating forefoot muscles of the rat was a little more extensive than the spinal segmental innervation in humans. This report was presented, in part, at the 7th Annual Meeting for Orthopaedic Research of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association, Tokyo, Japan, Oct. 8, 1992     

家兔颈后肌受长期应力作用的实验研究

目的 建立颈后肌受长期应力作用动物模型并进行相关研究.方法 30只家兔随机分为模型组和对照组,每组15只.模型组家兔置于特制低头位框架中,低头角度为45度,每天1次,每次5小时;对照组除不低头外余条件相同.12周后分别进行颈椎X线、颈后部红外热像图、血清肌酸激酶和乳酸脱氢酶含量以及颈后肌超氧化物歧化酶和丙二醛含量观察.结果 模型组颈椎X线改变积分值实验后明显高于实验前和对照组,差异具有显著性;模型组与对照组颈后部红外热像图有明显差异;模型组血清肌酸激酶、乳酸脱氢酶的含量均明显高于对照组;模型组丙二醛含量明显高于对照组而超氧化物歧化酶含量明显低于对照组.结论 家兔颈后肌受长期应力作用后出现颈部的生物力学和生物化学失衡.     

零切迹椎间融合器与钛板-椎间融合器系统对颈前路术后颈椎曲度维持的临床研究

目的探讨零切迹椎间融合器与钛板-椎间融合器(plate-cage construct,PCC)系统在颈椎前路术后颈椎曲度维持方面的差异。方法回顾分析2015年1月—2016年1月收治并行颈前路椎间盘切除减压融合术治疗的100例单节段颈椎间盘突出症患者临床资料,其中50例采用零切迹椎间融合器(A组),50例采用PCC系统(B组)。两组患者性别、年龄、骨密度、病变节段、病程及术前疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、日本骨科协会(JOA)评分、C2~7颈椎曲度、节段Cobb角、相邻椎体高度等一般资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。记录两组手术时间及术中出血量;采用VAS评分和JOA评分评估临床疗效;于侧位X线片测量C2~7颈椎曲度、节段Cobb角和相邻椎体高度,根据Pitzen等椎间融合标准评估椎间融合情况。结果A组手术时间显著短于B组(t=2.442,P=0.021),但两组术中出血量差异无统计学意义(t=0.812,P=0.403)。两组患者均获随访,随访时间24~36个月,平均28.5个月。根据Pitzen等的椎间融合标准,两组均达骨性融合。两组内术后1、24个月VAS评分、JOA评分及C2~7颈椎曲度、节段Cobb角、相邻椎体高度均较术前显著改善(P<0.05);除A组术后24个月C2~7颈椎曲度、节段Cobb角及相邻椎体高度较术后1个月有明显丢失(P<0.05)外,两组其余疗效评价指标术后两时间点间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组术后24个月C2~7颈椎曲度、节段Cobb角、相邻椎体高度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其余各时间点疗效评价指标差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论颈前路术中采用零切迹椎间融合器虽能获得与PCC系统相似疗效、缩短手术时间,但术后椎间隙高度丢失以及继发颈椎曲度改变均大于PCC系统。     

A comparative study for the usage of Fidji cervical cages after multilevel anterior cervical discectomy and fusion

BackgroundPostoperative dysphagia is one major concern in the treatment for patients with cervical spine spondylosis by using anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) with plating and cage system.PurposeTo evaluate the influence of two types of surgery for multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) on postoperative dysphagia, namely ACDF with cage alone (ACDF-CA) using Fidji cervical cages and ACDF with cage and plate fixation (ACDF-CP).MethodsA retrospective study was performed in 62 consecutive patients with multilevel CSM, including 32 underwent ACDF-CA (group A) and 30 underwent ACDF-CP (group B). All enrolled patients were followed up at 48 h, 2 months and 6 months postoperatively, when the dysphagia rate, Swallowing-Quality of Life (SWAL-QOL) score and the thickness of prevertebral soft tissue were recorded.ResultsAt 48 h and 2 months, the dysphagia rate and thickness of prevertebral soft tissue were both significantly lower in group A than in group B, while the SWAL-QOL score of group A was significantly higher than that of group B. No significant difference was observed at 6 months.ConclusionFidji cervical cages could relieve postoperative dysphagia in the treatment of multilevel CSM with ACDF, especially at the first several months postoperatively.     

Relationship between the integrity of the pelvic floor muscles and early recovery of continence after radical prostatectomy

PURPOSE: We investigated how the preoperatively estimated integrity of pelvic floor muscles related to the recovery of continence after radical prostatectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 94 patients underwent magnetic resonance image of the prostate and urodynamic studies before undergoing radical prostatectomy and evaluation of voiding symptoms before, and 3 and 6 months after surgery. Incontinence was defined as any unwanted urine leakage. On the magnetic resonance image the thickness of the levator ani and pelvic diaphragm, and prostate volume were measured to correlate with continence status. RESULTS: Incontinence was noted in 41.5% and 15.9% of the patients at 3 and 6 months, respectively. Recovery of continence 3 months after RP was related to the thickness of the pelvic diaphragm on sagittal imaging (p=0.017), the ratio of the levator ani on the axial image to prostate volume (p=0.047), functional urethral length (p=0.007) and incontinence before surgery (p=0.009). Recovery at 6 months was related to neurovascular bundle sparing (p=0.013) and marginally to the pelvic diaphragm on sagittal imaging (p=0.059). On multivariate analysis the pelvic diaphragm on sagittal imaging (HR 2.455, 95% CI 0.894-6.739, p=0.008) and the ratio of the levator ani on the axial image to prostate volume (HR 1.886, 95% CI 0.952-3.736, p=0.011) significantly predicted continence at 3 months, while at 6 months only the pelvic diaphragm on sagittal imaging showed a significant relationship (p=0.024). CONCLUSIONS: Pelvic diaphragm thickness and the ratio of levator ani thickness to prostate volume are independent factors predictive of post-prostatectomy incontinence. Patients with better developed pelvic floor muscles, especially in relation to the size of the prostate, can be expected to achieve earlier recovery of continence after radical prostatectomy.     

颈椎前路椎间盘切除融合术后颈椎矢状位参数变化及其对临床疗效的影响

目的 探讨颈椎间盘突出症病人行颈椎前路椎间盘切除融合术（anterior cervical discectomy and fusion, ACDF）后颈椎矢状位参数变化及其对临床疗效的影响。方法 选取2014年1月至2016年1月在我院接受ACDF手术治疗的颈椎间盘突出症病人98例,对其临床资料进行回顾性分析。其中,男50例,女48例;年龄为（54.75±8.60）岁（40~78岁）。收集比较98例病人术前及随访时的C_2~7 Cobb角、T₁倾斜角、C_2~7矢状面轴向距离（cSVA）、颈倾角（NTA）、胸廓入口角（TIA）等矢状位参数,以及其手术前后的颈肩臂疼痛视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale, VAS）评分、日本骨科学会（Japanese Orthopaedic Association, JOA）评估治疗分数、颈椎功能障碍指数（neck disability index, NDI）。98例病人根据T₁倾斜角是否大于30°分为高T₁倾斜角组和低T₁倾斜角组,比较两组病人的JOA评分改善率及后凸畸形发生率。结果 本研究所观察的矢状位参数中,术后T₁倾斜角、C_2~7 Cobb角较术前显著增大,NTA、cSVA较术前显著减小;功能相关指标中,VAS评分较术前显著下降,JOA评分显著上升,与术前比较,差异均有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）。高T₁倾斜角组和低T₁倾斜角组的JOA治疗改善率（56.06% vs. 53.12%）及后凸畸形发生率（12.50% vs. 16.67%）比较,差异均有统计学意义（χ²=12.538,P=0.001;χ²=10.895,P=0.003）。且高T₁倾斜角组病人中,单节段、双节段、多节段病人的后凸畸形发生率均显著低于低T1倾斜角组,差异均有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）。结论 ACDF治疗颈椎间盘突出症的短期临床疗效确切,T₁倾斜角＞30°病人的JOA治疗改善率较高,后凸畸形发生率较低。     

颈椎前路椎间盘切除融合术后颈长肌、颈伸肌变化与临床疗效的相关性

目的:评估颈椎前路椎间盘切除融合术（anterior cervical discectomy and fusion,ACDF）后颈长肌、颈伸肌的容积变化,以及其与临床疗效的相关性。方法:回顾性分析2013年1月至2018年12月接受单节段ACDF手术治疗的脊髓型颈椎病患者57例,随访时间为（23.0±4.8）个月（范围...     

超声引导下颈浅丛神经阻滞对颈椎前路减压融合术患者术后早期康复质量的影响

目的评价超声引导下颈浅丛神经阻滞对颈椎前路减压融合术患者术后早期康复质量的影响。方法择期行颈前路手术的颈椎病患者60例,男37例,女23例,年龄18~70岁,BMI 18.5~29.5 kg/m^2,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法分为两组:颈浅丛神经阻滞联合全麻组(S组)和全麻组(C组),每组30例。S组在全麻诱导前实施超声引导下右侧颈浅丛神经阻滞,注入0.375%罗哌卡因15 ml;C组不行神经阻滞。两组均静脉注射依托咪酯0.3 mg/kg、舒芬太尼0.4μg/kg、罗库溴铵0.6 mg/kg进行麻醉诱导,麻醉维持采用静-吸复合麻醉,术中维持BIS值40~60。分别于术前1 d、术后1 d采用QoR-40量表对患者进行评分。记录术中瑞芬太尼和丙泊酚用量、拔管时间、术后住院时间、术后补救镇痛情况,术后恶心呕吐、咽喉痛、吞咽困难、声音嘶哑等不良反应及神经阻滞相关并发症的发生情况。结果与C组比较,S组术后1 d的QoR-40总评分及身体舒适度、情绪状态、心理支持、疼痛评分明显提高(P<0.05),术中瑞芬太尼用量明显减少(P<0.05),术后补救镇痛率、术后恶心呕吐和吞咽困难发生率明显降低(P<0.05)。两组丙泊酚用量、拔管时间、术后住院时间、术后咽喉痛和声音嘶哑发生率差异无统计学意义。S组未出现神经阻滞相关并发症。结论超声引导下颈浅丛神经阻滞用于颈椎前路减压融合术,有利于提高患者早期康复质量。     

单节段Discover人工颈椎间盘置换术与颈前路减压融合术治疗颈椎病的长期疗效对比

【摘要】 目的：比较单节段Discover人工颈椎间盘置换术（artificial cervical disc replacement,ACDR）与颈前路椎间盘切除减压融合术（anterior cervical discectomy and fusion,ACDF）治疗颈椎病的长期临床疗效。方法：回顾性分析2009年1月～2011年12月在西京医院行单节段ACDR和ACDF治疗的颈椎病患者的临床资料。ACDR组（n=21例）男性15例,女性6例,年龄33~58岁（44.0±7.5岁）;采用Discover假体,C4/5 2例,C5/6 17例,C6/7 2例。ACDF组（n=25例）男性20例,女性5例,年龄33~63岁（48.2±8.5岁）;C3/4 1例,C4/5 3例, C5/6 18例,C6/7 3例。采用日本矫形外科学会（Japanese Orthopedic Association,JOA）评分法、疼痛视觉模拟评分法（visual analogue scale,VAS）和颈椎功能障碍指数（neck disability index,NDI）对两组患者术前/术后3个月、1年、2年、5年及末次随访时的神经功能和临床疗效进行评估;利用X线、CT及MRI影像学资料测量和评估ACDR组手术节段活动度（range of motion,ROM）、末次随访时的异位骨化（heterotopic ossification,HO）以及末次随访时两组患者手术邻近节段退变（adjacent segment degeneration,ASD）情况,并进行统计学分析。结果：ACDR组随访时间138.9±12.0个月,ACDF组随访时间136.9±10.8个月,两组无统计学差异（P>0.05）。两组患者术后各随访时间点JOA评分、上肢痛VAS评分、颈痛VAS评分和NDI均较术前显著性改善,与同组术前比较均有统计学差异（P<0.05）,末次随访与术后2年比较均无统计学差异（P>0.05）;两组同时间点比较均无统计学差异（P>0.05）。ACDR组术后3个月、1年、2年时手术节段ROM与术前比较显著性增加（P<0.05）,术后5年和末次随访时与术前比较均无统计学差异（P>0.05）。ACDR组末次随访时13例（61.9%）手术节段发生HO,其中McAfee分级Ⅰ级1例,Ⅱ级3例,Ⅲ级6例,Ⅳ级3例。ACDR组17个（40.5%）邻近节段发生退变,ACDF组34个（68.0%）邻近节段发生退变,两组ASD发生率有统计学差异（P<0.05）。末次随访时ACDR组无二次手术患者,ACDF组2例因ASD导致二次手术。两组二次手术率有统计学差异（0 vs 8%,P<0.05）。结论：与ACDF术式相比,单节段ACDR治疗颈椎病能够获得一致的、良好的长期临床疗效,并在减少ASD发生方面具有优势。然而,随时间延长ACDR手术节段HO发生率较高,造成手术节段活动度降低。