2018年襄阳市公共场所卫生监测分析

目的了解襄阳市公共场所的卫生状况,评价健康风险,确保公共场所的公共健康安全。方法按照GB/T 18204.1～6《公共场所卫生检验方法》和GB 9663-1996《旅店业卫生标准》、GB 9665-1996《公共浴室卫生标准》、GB 9666-1996《理发店、美容店卫生标准》、GB 9667》容店准》《游泳场所卫生标准》、GB 9672》容店准》《公共交通等候室卫生标准》的要求,对50家公共场所的室内空气、公共用品用具和游泳池水质进行了监测和评价。结果共抽检样本3 945项次,3 476项次合格,总合格率88.11%。室内空气的合格率为76.92%,各场所间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。不合格指标主要有噪声、湿度、可吸入颗粒物PM10;公共用品用具的合格率为94.70%,沐浴场所、美容美发店的合格率较低分别为89.06%和91.49%,不同场所的合格率差异有统计学意义(P0.01);游泳池水质合格率仅为64.80%,不合格指标主要有尿素,游离性余氯,菌落总数、大肠菌群。结论襄阳市公共游泳馆、公共场所室内空气卫生状况较差。     

2016-2018年上海市浦东新区公共场所卫生状况与监管对策分析

目的了解上海市浦东新区公共场所卫生现状,为加强公共场所卫生监督,制定卫生监督监管措施等工作提供基础数据。方法2016-2018年3年共计检查公共场所1846家,按照GB/T17220-1998《公共场所卫生监测技术规范》和GB/T18204-2013《公共场所卫生检验方法》进行样品采集,依据GB/T18204-2013《公共场所卫生检验方法》和GB/T5750-2006《生活饮用水标准检验方法》对样品进行检测。检测结果依据GB9663-1996《旅店业卫生标准》、GB 9665-1996《公共浴室卫生标准》、GB9666-1996《理发店、美容店卫生标准》、GB9667-1996《游泳场所卫生标准》和GB 9670-1996《商场、书店卫生标准》进行评价。结果2016-2018年3年间共计检查公共场所1846家,合格单位数1676家,总合格率为90.79%。顾客公共用品用具合格率为93.44%,不合格指标为细菌总数。游泳池池水合格率为86.91%,不合格指标为细菌总数、大肠菌群、尿素、泳池水游离性余氯和pH值。公共场所空气合格率为91.84%,不合格指标为可吸入颗粒物和甲醛。公共场所集中空调通风系统设备设施卫生状况合格率为93.48%。结论公共场所卫生关键控制点是公共用品用具、游泳池池水、空气质量和集中空调卫生的管理。只有不断加强公共场所卫生监测和卫生情况管理工作,建立基于公共场所行业风险分类评估和公共场所卫生信用等级评估"双评估"监管模式,才能提升公共场所卫生监管能力。     

2013年大连市游泳场所水卫生状况监测结果分析

目的:了解大连市游泳池水水质卫生状况。方法:依照《公共场所卫生监测技术规范》(GB/T 17220-1998)随机采集游泳池水样,按照《公共场所卫生标准检验方法》(GB/T 18204-2000)对游泳池水进行检验,根据《游泳场所卫生标准》(GB 9667-1996)进行水质评价。结果:共检测大连市33家游泳场所,样品122份,合格57份,总合格率为46.72%。不同类型场所样品合格率差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论:大连市游泳场所泳池水卫生状况堪忧,应加强监督管理,提高卫生质量,保障游泳者身体健康。     

2014年大连地区部分游泳池水卫生状况调查

目的了解2014年大连地区部分泳池水卫生状况。方法按GB/T17220-1998《公共场所卫生监测技术规范》布点要求对大连地区泳池水进行采样,采用GB/T5750-2006《生活饮用水标准检验方法》和GB/T18204-2000《公共场所卫生标准检验方法》进行检验。结果抽检游泳场所35家,共83份水样,合格33份,合格率为39.76%。不合格项目主要为p H值、游离性余氯、细菌总数、大肠菌群。结论大连地区温泉会所游泳场所泳池水质卫生状况堪忧,应加强监督管理,提高卫生质量,保障游水者身体健康。     

坪山新区住宿业卫生监测情况

目的了解坪山新区住宿业卫生状况,加强卫生监督,保障群众的卫生安全和健康。方法按照《公共场所卫生监测技术规范》(GB/T17220-1998)进行样品采样,依据《公共场所卫生标准检验方法》(GB/T18204-2000)和《公共场所卫生标准》进行检验和判断。结果住宿业89家,客房空气质量样品267份,合格255份,合格率95.50%;公共用品958份,合格686份,合格率为71.60%。客房空气质量合格率高于公共用品合格率。宾馆、普通旅馆场所公共用品合格率以宾馆最高,普通旅店最低。结论住宿业卫生状况不容乐观,对公共场所用品的卫生监管工作仍需加强。     

宁夏游泳场所卫生状况调查

目的调查宁夏回族自治区游泳场所卫生状况,为加强卫生监督监测提供科学依据。方法按照《公共场所卫生监测技术规范》(GB/T 17220-1998),2012年-2013年对宁夏境内所有游泳场所经营单位随机采集水样,依照《游泳场所卫生标准》(GB 9667-1996)和《公共场所卫生标准检验方法》(GB/T 18204-2000)检验及结果判定。结果2012年-2013年,48家游泳场所监测合格13家,总单位合格率为27.08%;254份水样,合格182份,总样品合格率为71.65%。其中,2012年单位合格率为16.00%(4/25),样品合格率为72.73%(96/132);2013年单位合格率为39.13%(9/23),样品合格率为70.49%(86/122),2年间单位合格率、样品合格率差异均无统计学意义(χ2=3.245、χ2=2.162,P0.05)。监测指标中,大肠菌群合格率最高,达98.00%,游泳池水余氯合格率最低,为47.12%。浸脚池水2年总合格率为79.17%。结论宁夏游泳场所尚存在一定的卫生安全隐患,浸脚池的设置和消毒仍然是卫生监督的重点之一,必须重视池水消毒并加强卫生监督监测。     

2012年深圳市福田区泳池水卫生状况

目的 了解2012年深圳市福田区泳池水卫生状况.方法 按GB/T 17220-14998《公共场所卫生监测技术规范》布点要求对福田区泳池水进行采样,采用GB/T 5750-2006《生活饮用水标准检验方法》和GB/T 18204-2000《公共场所卫生标准检验方法》进行检验.结果 抽检游泳场所111家,不合格32家,不合格游泳场中除1家是酒店游泳场外,其余31家均为住宅区游泳场;共采集泳池水样222份,合格170份,合格率为76.6％.不合格项目主要为尿素、游离性余氯、pH值、大肠菌群.结论 深圳市福田区住宅区游泳场所泳池水卫生状况堪忧,应加强监督管理,提高卫生质量,保障游水者身体健康.     

2011-2013年常州市游泳池水质卫生状况调查

目的调查常州市游泳池水质的卫生状况,为保障游泳者健康、加强游泳池卫生监督管理提供资料。方法按照《公共场所卫生监测技术规范》(GB/T17220-1998)随机采集游泳池水样,按照《公共场所卫生标准检验方法》(GB/T18204-2000)及《生活饮用水标准检验放法消毒剂指标》(GB/T5750-2006)对游泳池水进行检验,根据《游泳场所卫生标准》(GB/T9667-1996)对泳池水进行评价。结果 2011-2013年共采集游泳池水杨样品181份,其中共40份合格,总合格率为22.1%;所监测项目中游离性余氯、尿素总合格率较低(分别为38.1%、71.8%),浑浊度、pH值合格率较高(分别为100%、99.4%)。结论常州市游泳池水卫生状况较差,应加强对游泳场所游泳池水的监督管理。     

北京市朝阳区2009年游泳池水卫生监测分析

目的了解北京市朝阳区游泳池水卫生状况。方法按照《公共场所卫生监测技术规范》(GB/T17220-1998)随机采集游泳池水样。按照《公共场所卫生标准检验方法》(GB/T18204-2000)对游泳池水进行检验;根据《游泳场所卫生标准》(GB9667-1996)进行水质评价。结果 2009年共检测游泳池水样3548份,其中2842件样品合格,总合格率为80.10%。其中游泳池水游离性余氯指标合格率最低,仅为33.99%,其次为尿素和细菌总数。大肠菌群、浑浊度和pH值指标的合格率较高,合格率分别为99.65%、100%和100%。游泳池水游离性余氯指标全年各个月份合格率都较低,尿素指标在6、7和8月合格率都较低。结论该区游泳池水的卫生质量仍存在一些问题,应加强对游泳场所的卫生监管工作。     

延平区2012年公共场所卫生监测分析

目的了解南平市延平区公共场所的卫生状况,找出存在的问题,为制定管理措施提供依据。方法按GB/T18204-2000《公共场所卫生标准检测方法》,抽取部分有代表性的旅店、美容美发、歌舞厅采样监测,用仪器法检测空气,用试纸斑贴法检测饮具和公共用品。按GB/T 17220-1998《公共场所卫生监测技术规范》进行监测,按《公共场所卫生标准》进行卫生学评价。结果 2012年共监测旅店业102户次408项次,合格率94.4%;美容美发业220户次880项次,合格率94.3%;文化娱乐场所100户次400项次,合格率80.5%,以文化娱乐场所合格率最低。美容美发业的噪声、公共用品消毒合格率最高（97.3%和93.2%）,旅店业的空气细菌总数合格率最高（93.1%）,合格率最低的是娱乐场所噪声（85.0%）、空气细菌总数（71.0%）和公共用品消毒效果（76.0%）。结论影响公共场所空气卫生质量主要以微生物污染为主。以娱乐场所合格率最低,建议加强监督监测。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.