脑源性神经营养因子在大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤过程中基因表达的变化

目的 :观察脑缺血再灌注损伤后脑皮层、梗塞区和海马神经元脑源性神经营养因子 (BDNF)水平的变化 ,及与脑病理变化的关联性 ;探讨 BDNF在脑缺血再灌注损伤中的可能作用机理。方法 :线栓法复制大鼠大脑中动脉脑缺血再灌注模型 ,原位核酸分子杂交检测脑不同区域 BDNFm RNA,图象分析间接定量其水平。结果 :1.脑缺血及缺血再灌注均能诱导双侧脑皮层、海马和梗塞区及其对侧相应区神经元 BDNFm RNA水平增高。2 .梗塞区因缺血损伤过重 ,神经元 BDNFm RNA水平增高的幅度小。 3.再灌注后神经元 BDNFm RNA的水平继续升高 ;其变化规律在不同脑区大致相似。 4.神经元 BDNFm RNA基础水平与神经元抗损伤力呈正相关。结论 :脑缺血及缺血再灌注损伤均导致双侧大脑 BD-NFm RNA表达的变化 ,BDNFm RNA水平的提高能增强神经元的抗损伤能力。     

脑源性神经营养因子和脑缺血

有证据表明BDNF在脑缺血的保护中起重要作用。BDNF保护缺血引起的神经细胞损伤的机制为(1)稳定细胞内钙离子水平,减少兴奋性氨基酸引起的损伤;(2)拮抗NO介导的细胞毒作用;(3)调节自由基代谢;(4)对损伤神经元具有修复作用。     

脑缺血再灌流大鼠脑胶质源性神经营养因子基因表达的变化

探讨脑缺血再灌流不同时程及不同程度缺血对海马及皮层胶质源性神经营养因子（ｇｌｉａｌｃｅｌｌｌｉｎｅ ｄｅｒｉｖｅｄ ｎｅｕｒｏｔｒｏｐｈｉｃ ｆａｃｔｏｒ, ＧＤＮＦ）基因表达的影响,以及Ｎ甲基Ｄ天冬氨酸（Ｎｍ ｅｔｈｙｌＤｓａｐａｒｔａｔｅ, ＮＭＤＡ）受体拮抗剂,钙离子通道阻断剂是否能调节缺血病态下ＧＤＮＦｍ ＲＮＡ的表达。参照Ｓｍ ｉｔｈ 等方法建立大鼠前脑缺血再灌流动物模型。用ＤＩＧＯｌｉｇｏｎｕｃｌｅｏｔｉｄｅ ３′ｅｎｄ ｌａｂｅｌｉｎｇ Ｋｉｔ,标记５１ ｍ ｅｒ的ＧＤＮＦ寡核苷酸探针在含有海马结构的冰冻组织切片上进行原位杂交检测ＧＤＮＦｍ ＲＮＡ的表达。１０ ｍ ｉｎ 缺血再灌流２ ｈ,齿状回ＧＤＮＦｍ ＲＮＡ表达上调。再灌流６ ｈ,ＣＡ１,ＣＡ３ 和皮层ＰＡＲ区ＧＤＮＦｍ ＲＮＡ表达亦见增多,２４ ｈ 达高峰。Ｋｅｔａｍ ｉｎｅ 可使ＧＤＮＦ的基因表达在海马结构及皮层ＰＡＲ区明显低于相应的缺血再灌流组,统计学差异显著（Ｐ＜ ００５）。脑缺血再灌流时ＧＤＮＦ基因表达增加,对缺血神经元可能起保护作用。Ｋｅｔａｍ ｉｎｅ可阻断缺血后ＧＤＮＦｍ ＲＮＡ 的表达增加,提示ＮＭＤＡ谷氨酸受体很可能参与介导了缺     

脑缺血再灌注后脑内脑源性神经营养因子的基因表达与调节

探讨：探讨脑缺血再灌注损伤后脑内脑源性神经营养因子（ＢＤＮＦ）ｍＲＡＮ水平的变化,推测ＢＤＮＦ对损伤病理的影响。方法线栓法制作大鼠脑缺血再灌注模,原位交检测大鼠海马神经元内ＢＤＮＦｍＲＮＡ,图像分析间接定量ＢＤＮＦｍＲＮＡ水平。结果（１）脑缺血及缺血再灌注均能诱导双侧海马神经元ＢＤＮＦｍＲＮＡ水平增高;（２）缺血损伤过重后海马神经元ＢＤＮＦｍＲＮＡ水平增高的程度反而小;（３）再灌注后ＢＤＮＦｍＲＮ     

脑缺血再灌注损伤模型大鼠大脑皮质BDNF mRNA表达减少

目的制备局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠模型,并观察大脑皮质脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)mR-NA表达的变化。方法雄性SD大鼠,采用线栓法闭塞大脑中动脉2h后进行再灌注3d,制备局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤模型。采用神经缺失评分观察大鼠的行为学表现;TTC染色检查脑组织梗死情况;HE染色观察大鼠脑组织形态结构;RT-PCR技术检测大鼠大脑皮质BDNF mRNA的表达。结果假手术组大鼠无神经功能障碍表现;脑组织未见梗死灶;脑组织神经细胞形态规则;大脑皮质BDNF mRNA的相对表达量,与正常组相比,未见明显变化。与假手术组相比,局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤模型大鼠出现神经功能障碍;左侧半球可见梗死灶;梗死侧脑组织形态学观察显示神经细胞大量坏死脱落、胞质呈空泡变性、疏松、胞核浓缩深染;大脑皮质BDNF mRNA表达量明显减少。结论大脑中动脉闭塞2h后进行再灌注3d可造成脑缺血再灌注损伤,可能与大脑皮质BDNF mRNA的表达减少有关。     

亚低温对局灶性脑缺血-再灌注大鼠脑皮质脑源性神经营养因子表达及神经元凋亡的影响

目的 观察局灶性脑缺血-再灌注后亚低温干预对大鼠脑源性神经营养因子表达及神经元凋亡的影响，并探讨脑源性神经营养因子在亚低温脑保护机制中的作用。方法 采用线栓法制备成年雄性SD大鼠左侧大脑中动脉闭塞局灶性脑缺血-再灌注改良模型，缺血时间2h。随机分为常温缺血组和亚低温缺血组。常温时大鼠脑温控制于36．5℃～37．5℃，肛温为35．9℃～36．9℃；亚低温时脑温维持于32．5℃～33．5℃，肛温为32．2℃～33．1℃。两组大鼠分别于脑缺血一再灌注及亚低温干预后2、6、24和72h进行神经功能缺损评分，并同时行三苯基氯化四唑（1TC）染色、HE染色、TUNEL染色、免疫组化染色及免疫组化与TUNEL双重染色，从而评估大鼠神经功能缺损状况；检测脑梗死体积及脑源性神经营养因子表达水平；观察组织病理学变化和神经元凋亡数量。结果 与常温缺血组相比，亚低温缺血组大鼠神经功能缺损评分低（P〈0．01），脑梗死体积小（P〈0．01），缺血灶周围脑皮质中的脑源性神经营养因子表达水平增高（P〈0．01），而且神经元凋亡数量少（P〈0．01）。在脑源性神经营养因子免疫组化染色呈阳性反应的神经元细胞核中，未发现TUNEL染色阳性者。结论 亚低温干预治疗可促进缺血灶周围的脑皮质对脑源性神经营养因子的表达，从而抑制神经元凋亡，减少大鼠脑梗死体积，改善神经功能缺损体征。     

胶质细胞源性神经营养因子与脑缺血损伤

脑缺血损伤在世界范围内是人类致死的主要原因之一[1].临床和基础研究均表明,神经营养因子在脑缺血后神经元的损伤和修复过程中具有重要作用.胶质细胞源性神经营养因子(GDNF)是神经营养因子家庭中的一名新成员,在脑缺血损伤中对神经元具有保护作用,目前已经成为神经科学研究领域的一个"热点"[2].本文就GDNF对脑缺血损伤的保护作用有关内容作一综述.     

阿司匹林促进大鼠缺血脑组织脑源性神经营养因子的表达

目的:探讨不同剂量阿司匹林(Asp)对脑缺血/再灌注(CI/RP)损伤大鼠的神经保护作用及其对脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)表达的影响。方法:采用线栓法建立大鼠大脑中动脉CI/RP模型,对CI/RP后大鼠进行肢体神经功能缺损评分:1~3分的48只大鼠入选。入选大鼠分为对照组、Asp小剂量组(20 mg.kg-1)、Asp中剂量组(80 mg.kg-1)和Asp大剂量组(320 mg.kg-1),于CI/RP术后每日腹腔注射Asp或溶媒,并进行神经功能缺损评分,72 h后处死,测定脑梗死体积和BDNF免疫组化检测。结果:CI/RP后24、48和72 h各Asp组大鼠与对照组相比,神经缺损评分明显降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),梗死灶体积显著减小(P<0.01),缺血区域BDNF表达显著增加(P<0.05或P<0.01)。对BDNF表达的作用Asp大剂量组的作用并不优于Asp小剂量组和中剂量组。结论:Asp可以减少CI/RP大鼠的脑梗死体积;促进内源性BDNF的表达可能是其神经保护的机制之一,Asp对BDNF表达的作用并非随Asp剂量的加大而增强。     

脑源性神经营养因子与精神分裂症

脑源性神经营养因子BDNF在精神分裂症发病中的作用得到了越来越广泛的关注。目前研究发现,BDNF与精神分裂症发病机制假说、分裂症动物模型的建立及分裂症治疗均存在相关性。通过综合评价该领域近年来的实验结果,对BDNF与精神分裂症的关系作一综述。     

胶质细胞源性神经营养因子对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤保护作用的时间窗及其作用机制的探讨

目的　研究胶质细胞源性神经营养因子 (glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor,GDNF)对脑缺血再灌注损伤保护作用的时间窗及其保护作用机制。方法　应用免疫组织化学方法观察 GDNF对缺血半暗带Caspase-3及 TNFα蛋白表达的影响 ;TTC染色测定梗死灶体积。结果　与对照组比较 (3 2 3 .1± 49.6) ,0 h及 1h给药组梗死灶体积减小 (193 .4± 53 .8,2 41.1± 57.5) ,0 h组 Caspase-3蛋白表达减少 (10 7.2± 9.5及 92 .3± 6.5) ,各组 TNFα蛋白的表达差异均无显著性。结论　 GDNF对脑缺血再灌注损伤保护作用的时间窗在 3 h之内 ,其作用机制可能与抑制 Caspase-3介导的细胞凋亡有关     

Expression of mRNA for brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the dorsal root ganglion following peripheral inflammation

It is well known that the nerve growth factor (NGF) may serve as a link between inflammation and hyperalgesia. Recent experiments showed that systemic injection of NGF dramatically stimulated the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG). In the present study, we evaluated the change of BDNF mRNA in the DRG following peripheral inflammation and also observed colocalization of BDNF and trkA mRNAs by means of in situ hybridization histochemistry in rats. Peripheral tissue inflammation produced by an intraplantar injection of Freund's adjuvant into the paws significantly increased BDNF mRNA levels in the DRG and many neurons expressing trkA mRNA showed increased expession of BDNF mRNA. Intraplantar injection of antibody to NGF together with Freund's adjuvant prevented the increase in BDNF mRNA. These findings suggest that peripheral inflammation induces an increased expression of BDNF mRNA which is mediated by NGF in DRG.     

银杏叶提取物对脑缺血大鼠脑源性神经营养因子的影响

目的　观察银杏叶提取物 (GBE)对局灶脑缺血大鼠脑源性神经营养因子 (BDNF)表达的影响 ,探讨GBE与缺血损伤神经元可塑性的关系。方法　制作大鼠大脑中动脉闭塞 (MCAO)模型 ,应用免疫组化方法观察不同缺血时间 GBE治疗组及脑缺血组 BDNF阳性细胞数 ,并进行图像分析。结果　坏死灶中心区 GBE组及缺血组BDNF阳性神经元均消失 ,但在坏死灶周围区 ,两组 BDNF阳性细胞均显著增加。两组细胞形态无明显不同 ,但GBE治疗组阳性细胞数又显著高于相应缺血对照组。结论　银杏叶提取物可提高大鼠局灶脑缺血半暗带区 BDNF的表达水平 ,促进神经元的修复及重塑。     

Electroacupuncture stimulation of the brachial plexus trunk on the healthy side promotes brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA expression in the ischemic cerebral cortex of a rat model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury

A rat model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion was established by suture occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery. In situ hybridization results showed that the number of brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA-positive cells in the ischemic rat cerebral cortex increased after cerebral ischemia/ reperfusion injury. Low frequency continuous wave electroacupuncture (frequency 2-6 Hz, current intensity 2 mA) stimulation of the brachial plexus trunk on the healthy (right) side increased the number of brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA-positive cells in the ischemic cerebral cortex 14 days after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. At the same time, electroacupuncture stimulation of the healthy brachial plexus truck significantly decreased neurological function scores and alleviated neurological function deficits. These findings suggest that electroacupuncture stimulation of the brachial plexus trunk on the healthy (right) side can greatly increase brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA expression and improve neurological function.     

Infarct tolerance induced by intra-cerebral infusion of recombinant brain-derived neurotrophic factor

Neuronal expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been implicated in the mechanism of infarct tolerance (resistance to stroke) (H. Yanamoto et al., Infarct tolerance accompanied enhanced BDNF-like immunoreactivity in neuronal nuclei, submitted to Brain Res.), a process that takes more than 7 days following a preconditioning of repetitive cortical spreading depression (CSD). To investigate whether an elevated level of BDNF protein in the brain solely protects neurons against temporary focal ischemia, recombinant (r)BDNF was infused into the rat neocortex. Recombinant BDNF (or vehicle: saline) was administered into the left neocortex via an implanted osmotic minipump for 2.5, 7, 10 or 14 days pre-ischemia, during ischemia and for 2 days post-ischemia (8 microgram in total) in male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=6 each). Temporary focal ischemia was induced in the left middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory by three-vessel occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries (CCAs) and MCA for 2 h, and the cerebral infarct volume was analyzed 2 days after ischemia using TTC staining. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) of the left neocortex was monitored after 14 days of intracerebral administration of BDNF or vehicle (n=10 each). The distribution of BDNF following different periods of rBDNF or vehicle-infusion was analyzed using immunohistochemical techniques (n=5 each). In the groups treated with 8 microgram of rhBDNF for 7, 10, or 14 days pre-ischemia, there were significant reductions of neocortical infarct volume compared to in the control or vehicle-treated groups (p<0.05). In the rCBF study, there was no significant change after the infusion of 8 microgram rhBDNF for 14 days. In the histological study, a wide distribution of BDNF-like immunoreactivity in the neuronal nuclei in the ipsilateral neocortex was demonstrated after the infusion of 8 microgram rhBDNF for 14 days. The BDNF-like immunoreactivity in the neuronal nuclei was enhanced at the time that the resistance to stroke was achieved by direct intra-cerebral infusion of exogenous rBDNF. Elucidating the function of the BDNF-like protein located in the neuronal nuclei should reveal a new strategy for neuroprotection against ischemic brain attack in humans.     

精神分裂症患者脑源性神经营养因子水平及其与临床症状的关系

目的探讨脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）在精神分裂症病理生理机制中的可能作用。方法采用横断面病例一对照研究设计。患者组为48例精神分裂症患者，其中发病后从未治疗组31例，停止治疗组17例。正常对照组（以下简称对照组）为与患者组性别、年龄匹配的41名健康人。对患者组用阳性和阴性症状量表（PANSS）评定病情严重程度。血浆BDNF浓度用酶联免疫吸附试验测定。用多变量方差分析比较组间差异。结果从未治疗组[（4．5±2．2）μg/L]和停药组患者[（3．9±1．4）μg/L]血浆BDNF浓度均低于对照组[（6．5±2．2）μg/L]（F检验，P〈0．01）；而从未治疗组与停止治疗组的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。患者组的血浆BDNF浓度与PANSS阴性症状因子分（r=-0．509；P〈0．01）及总病期呈负相关（r=-0．426；P〈0．01），与发病年龄、PANSS阳性因子分、总分的相关性均无统计学差异。结论精神分裂症患者BDNF浓度低于正常；BDNF可能是参与精神分裂症病理生理机制的一种重要物质。     

大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注ICRmRNA表达动态变化研究

目的 探讨白细胞介素1-β转化酶（ICE）在局灶性脑缺血再灌注后的表达及作用。方法 线栓法复制大脑中动脉脑缺血再灌注模型。逆转录聚合酶链式反应（RT-PCR）技术检测大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注后ICEmRNA表达。结果 缺血3h及缺血3h再灌注随缺血及缺血再灌注时间延长,缺血中心区与半影区ICEmRNA表达处于动态变化之中,再灌注24h、48h半影区表达持续高水平,而中心区表达下降。结论 局灶性脑缺血再灌注过程中ICEmRNA表达增强,促进神经细胞凋亡,ICE参与局灶性脑缺血再灌注神经细胞凋亡的调控。     

Effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and nerve growth factor on remaining neurons in the lesioned nucleus basalis magnocellularis

Rats received a unilateral lesion of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) by infusion of ibotenic acid. Starting 2 weeks after the lesion, the animals were treated with nerve growth factor (NGF) or brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) by intraparenchymal infusion of 3 μg per day for 4 weeks. Lesioned control animals received a similar amount of cytochromec. The activity of cholone acethyltransferase (ChAT) in the frontal neocortex was signigicantly reduced by the lesion (−39%). However, the intraparenchymal treatment with NGF or BDNF did not affect cortical ChAT activity. The number of p75 NGF receptor-immunoreactive neurons in the NBM was significantly decreased (−49%) by the lesion and was not affected by NGF or BDNF. The size of the remaining neurons was significantly increased by NGF (+32%), but not by BDNF (+12%). Similarly, in situ hybridization showed enhanced expression of the p75 NGF receptor following treatment with NGF, but not with BDNF. These results suggest that although BDNF occurs in the target area of cholinergic NBM neurons, its effects on these neurons are less pronounced than those of NGF.     

抑郁发作自杀未遂患者脑源性神经营养因子水平及其相关因素研究

目的 探讨脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)在抑郁发作自杀未遂者中的可能作用.方法 对抑郁发作自杀未遂患者(自杀未遂组,23例)和抑郁发作无自杀行为患者(无自杀组,24例)采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(24项,HAMD24)、Beck绝望量表(BHS)和自杀意念自评量表(SIOSS)评定抑郁严重程度、绝望程度及自杀意图的强烈程度;采用酶联免疫吸附法测定其血清BDNF浓度,并与正常对照者(对照组,30名)比较;对自杀未遂组的血清BDNF浓度与各相关因素进行Pearson相关分析.结果 (1)自杀未遂组的HAMD24[(37.8±8.7)分]、BHS[(13.0±3.8)分]及SIOSS评分[(18.1±3.9)分]均高于无自杀组[分别为(26.0±6.0)分、(7.5±4.3)分、(12.0±4.0)分;P<0.01].(2)自杀未遂组的BDNF平均浓度[(57 ±16)ng/L]低于无自杀组[(75 ±28)ng/L;P<0.05],无自杀组的BDNF平均浓度亦低于正常对照组[(111±39)ng/L;P<0.01].(3)自杀未遂组的血清BDNF浓度与抑郁发作的病程(r=-0.541)、BHS总分(r=-0.494)、SIOSS总分(r=-0.754)呈负相关(P<0.01-0.05).结论 低水平的BDNF可能是抑郁发作自杀未遂的一个危险因素.