胃癌组织细胞核DNA含量分析及其临床意义

目的 :分别检测胃癌、癌旁、正常胃组织中DNA含量并分析DNA含量与胃癌临床病理特征的关系。方法 :采用流式细胞术检测 36例胃癌组织、30例相应癌旁组织、2 5例正常胃组织细胞核DNA含量。结果 :在胃癌、癌旁、正常胃组织中 ,细胞核DNA含量分别为 ( 1.39± 0 .2 3)、( 1.0 0± 0 .0 5 )、( 0 .99± 0 .0 5 ) ,胃癌组织的DNA含量明显高于癌旁及正常胃组织 (P <0 .0 1) ,而癌旁组织与正常胃组织的DNA含量相似 (P >0 .0 5 )。分化程度差 ,深度浸润 ,伴淋巴结转移及Ⅲ、Ⅳ期的胃癌组织 ,其DNA含量明显高于分化程度较好 ,浸润较浅 ,不伴淋巴结转移及Ⅰ、Ⅱ期的胃癌组织。结论 :DNA含量可作为判断胃癌浸润、转移及预后的一个理想指标。     

胃癌DNA含量与E-cad、EGFR表达的关系及其意义

目的　探讨胃癌组织DNA含量与E cad、EGFR表达的关系 ,评价其在浸润、转移潜能及预后判断中的作用。方法　应用图像分析仪及SP免疫组化法检测 30例正常胃黏膜上皮、30例不典型增生和 5 0例胃癌组织DNA含量与E cad、EGFR蛋白表达情况。结果　①正常胃黏膜上皮、Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级不典型增生及胃癌组的DI、PI、S %、>5c %逐渐增高 ,与胃癌分期、淋巴结转移显著相关 (P <0 0 1)。②E cad在正常胃黏膜上皮阳性表达率 10 0 % ,EGFR呈阴性表达 ;Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级不典型增生及胃癌E cad阳性表达率逐渐降低 ,EGFR的阳性表达率逐渐升高 ,且差异显著 (P <0 0 5 ) ;E cad表达减弱、EGFR表达升高与胃癌分化差、淋巴结转移显著相关 (P <0 0 1)。③E cad表达阴性的胃癌DNA指数及EGFR表达水平显著高于E cad阳性 (P <0 0 1)。结论　检测DNA含量及E cad、EGFR蛋白表达有助于胃癌的早期诊断及转移潜能和预后的判断。     

CXCR7/CXCL12在不同胃癌组织中的表达及与临床病理因素的相关性分析

目的分析趋化因子受体7(CXCR7)/趋化因子配体12(CXCL12)在不同胃癌组织中的表达及与临床病理因素的相关性。方法采用回顾性研究的方法,收集凉山州第一人民医院105例胃癌组织标本及其对应的正常胃黏膜组织标本。根据组织标本类型的不同,分为对照组(正常胃黏膜组织)、胃癌组、腹膜转移癌组、肝转移癌组、淋巴结转移癌组。采用免疫组织化学法检测各组标本中CXCR7与CXCL12蛋白的表达情况,进一步分析CXCR7和CXCL12蛋白表达与胃癌患者临床病理特征的相关性。结果 CXCR7蛋白表达在各组胃癌组织中的阳性率较对照组均明显升高(P 0. 05);而不同胃癌组织中CXCR7蛋白阳性表达率的比较,差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。CXCL12蛋白表达在各组胃癌组织中的阳性率较对照组均明显升高(P 0. 05);而不同胃癌组织中CXCL12蛋白阳性表达率的比较,差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。CXCR7与CXCL12蛋白表达与胃癌患者性别、年龄、肿瘤直径及肿瘤部位均无明显相关性(P 0. 05),而与肿瘤浸润深度、肿瘤组织形态、腹膜转移、肝脏转移、淋巴结转移、肿瘤侵袭淋巴管与血管均密切相关(P 0. 05)。结论 CXCR7与CXCL12在胃癌组织中的表达水平较正常胃黏膜组织明显升高,二者表达水平与胃癌发生、发展、增殖及迁移密切相关;随着胃癌进程的推进,CXCR7与CXCL12的表达水平可进一步增高,两者过高表达可能促使胃癌细胞的侵袭性及转移性更强,二者在胃癌发生、侵袭和转移的病理过程中可能具有协同作用,有望成为评估胃癌患者预后状况的潜在肿瘤标志物。     

C-myc和LIN28B蛋白及其mRNA在胃癌组织和相应癌旁正常组织中的表达及其与胃癌发生发展的相关性

目的分析反式激活活性蛋白(C-myc)与LIN28B mRNA、蛋白在胃癌组织和相应癌旁正常组织中的表达及其与胃癌发生发展的相关性。方法通过Western blot法对60例胃癌组织和相应癌旁正常组织中C-myc、LIN28B蛋白表达水平进行检测,实时荧光定量PCR法测定C-myc、LIN28B mRNA表达水平,统计分析C-myc、LIN28B蛋白表达与胃癌临床病理参数的关系。结果 C-myc、LIN28B蛋白在胃癌组织中的表达水平较癌旁正常组织均明显升高(P0. 01); C-myc、LIN28B mRNA在胃癌组织中的表达水平较癌旁正常组织均明显升高(P 0. 01)。C-myc蛋白表达与胃癌TNM分期、浸润深度及淋巴结转移均密切相关(P 0. 05); LIN28B蛋白表达与胃癌TNM分期、分化程度、浸润深度及淋巴结转移均密切相关(P 0. 05)。结论 C-myc、LIN28B蛋白及其mRNA均高表达于胃癌组织,二者与胃癌TNM分期、浸润深度及淋巴结转移均密切相关,可能共同参与胃癌的病理过程。     

胃癌组织中MMP-11的表达及其对胃癌细胞转移侵袭的影响研究

目的探讨胃癌组织中基质金属蛋白酶-11(MMP-11)的表达及其对胃癌细胞转移侵袭的影响。方法回顾性选择2010年1月至2013年1月期间在成都医学院第一附属医院住院行手术治疗且术后病检明确为胃癌的120例患者作为研究对象;胃癌组织标本取自癌性溃疡凹陷内侧,癌旁正常组织标本为距离肿瘤病灶边缘5 cm以上的非癌性胃黏膜组织。运用免疫组化法检测胃癌组织及癌旁正常组织的MMP-11表达情况,比较不同病理特征胃癌组织MMP-11的表达情况及MMP-11表达与预后的关系。结果胃癌组织的MMP-11阳性表达率(54.17%)明显高于癌旁正常组织(0)(P<0.05);肿瘤大小、分化程度、Lauren分型、TNM分期、浸润深度及有无脉管侵犯、淋巴结转移、远处转移胃癌组织的MMP-11阳性表达有关(P<0.05),性别、年龄及组织学分型与胃癌组织MMP-11阳性表达无关(P>0.05);TNM分期高,浸润深,发生脉管侵犯、淋巴结转移、远处转移的胃癌组织MMP-11阳性表达率更高;MMP-11阳性表达患者的5年生存率(41.54%)明显低于MMP-11阴性表达患者(65.45%)(P<0.05)。结论MMP-11的阳性表达对于胃癌的发生、发展及转移侵袭过程有着重要的影响,且与胃癌患者的预后密切相关。     

E-cadherin和Cathepsin D的表达与乳腺癌侵袭和转移的关系

目的：观察E－cadherin和CathepsinD在乳腺导管癌组织中的表达，分析其与肿瘤侵袭，腋下淋巴结转移的关系。方法：应用单克隆抗体的SABC免疫组织化学方法，观察79例乳腺导管癌组织标本中E－cadherin和CathepsinD的表达。结果：E－cadherin在乳腺导管内癌与浸润性导管癌两组间及有无腋下淋巴结转移两组间均无显著差异（P＞0．05）。CathepsinD在癌间质的表达，导管内癌与浸润性导管癌两组间，腋下洒巴结有无转移两组间差异均显著（P＜0．01，P＜0．05）；在癌细胞的表达，上术两组间均差异不显著（P＞0．05）。结论：CathepsinD在乳腺导管癌间质中的表达与肿瘤的侵袭和淋巴结转移密切相关，可作为临床判定肿瘤恶性程度的参考指标。E－cadherin和CathepsinD在乳腺导管癌癌细胞中的表达与肿瘤的侵袭和淋巴结转移均无密切相关性。     

Survivin和CyclinE蛋白在胃癌中的表达及其相关性研究

目的 研究Survivin与Cyclin E在胃癌组织中的表达情况,了解其表达状况的相关性.方法 用免疫组化方法检测60例胃癌及癌旁对照组织中Survivin与Cyclin E的表达情况,结果胃癌组织中Survivin和Cyclin E表达阳性率为分别为68.3%和46.7%;均明显高于癌旁对照组织（P〈0.01）,Survivin与Cyclin E的表达强度均成正相关（P〈0.05）.Survivin阳性表达与Lauren分型、组织分化程度、浸润深度、淋巴结转移和TNM分期等有显著性关系.Cyclin E阳性表达与组织分化程度、浸润深度和TNM分期及淋巴结转移有显著性关系,而与Lauren分型无关.结论 Survivin与Cyclin E均与胃癌的发生发展有关,二者在胃癌组织中的表达密切相关.     

胃癌组织中miR-1258的表达水平及其对胃癌细胞侵袭转移能力的调节机制研究

目的研究胃癌组织中微小RNA-1258(miR-1258)的表达水平及其对胃癌细胞侵袭转移能力的调节机制。方法采用回顾性研究,收集108例胃癌组织标本及其对应的癌旁正常组织,采用实时荧光定量PCR对miR-1258在两组中的表达水平进行检测。采集胃癌细胞,将其分为空白对照组(未转染的SGC-7901细胞)、阴性对照组(转移阴性miRNA模拟物)及实验组(转染miR-1258模拟物)。采用MTT实验检测miR-1258对三组细胞增殖能力的影响,并通过Transwell小室实验检测miR-1258对三组细胞侵袭能力的影响;建立裸鼠胃癌肺转移的动物模型,分析miR-1258对三组细胞转移能力的调节机制。结果相比癌旁正常组织,miR-1258低表达于胃癌组织(P 0. 01)。空白对照组细胞增殖能力明显升高,其次为阴性对照组,而实验组细胞增殖能力明显减缓(P 0. 05)。相比空白对照组和阴性对照组,实验组SGC-7901细胞侵袭能力明显下降(P 0. 01)。相比空白对照组和阴性对照组,实验组小鼠肺部转移癌灶数量明显减少(P 0. 01)。结论 miR-1258低表达于胃癌组织,促使miR-1258高表达具有阻滞胃癌细胞侵袭和转移的作用,提示其可能具有肿瘤抑制剂的作用,有望成为胃癌的新型肿瘤标志物,在临床治疗中可作为潜在靶点,具有重要的临床意义。     

Wnt-1和PAR-1在胃癌中的表达及其病理特征的相关性研究

目的探讨Wnt-1和PAR-1在胃癌的表达与临床病理学特征的关系以及2者在胃癌组织中表达的相关性。方法用免疫组化方法检测78例胃癌及其癌旁胃组织中Wnt-1和PAR-1的表达情况,运用统计学分析Wnt-1和PAR-1在胃癌的表达与临床病理学特征的关系,以及Wnt-1和PAR-1在胃癌的表达的相关性。结果 Wnt-1和PAR-1在胃癌的表达明显高于正常胃组织(P<0.05);Wnt-1和PAR-1的表达阳性组具有更高的淋巴结转移率(P<0.05);Wnt-1和PAR-1的表达与患者的性别和年龄无关,与肿瘤的大小、肿瘤分化程度、浸润深度、淋巴结转移情况以及TNM分期密切相关(P<0.05);且Wnt-1和PAR-1在胃癌中的表达成正相关。结论 Wnt-1及PAR-1的表达可促进胃癌的侵袭和转移。2者高表达均与胃癌的浸润深度、区域淋巴结转移、TNM分期、淋巴管浸润及较高淋巴结转移率有关,可作为胃癌恶性程度的预测因子,并且2者在胃癌组织中的表达呈正相关性。     

胃癌组织中PTEN和P-ERK的表达及相互关系

目的 :检测PTEN和P ERK蛋白在胃癌中的表达 ,并探讨其相互关系。方法 :应用免疫组化方法检测5 7例胃癌及其癌旁正常组织中PTEN和P ERK蛋白的表达情况。结果 :( 1)PTEN蛋白在胃癌中表达的阳性率( 61 4% )明显低于相应正常组织 ( 10 0 % ) (P <0 0 1) ,其表达水平与组织分化程度、浸润深度、淋巴结转移及TNM分期有关 (P <0 .0 5 )。 ( 2 )P ERK蛋白在胃癌中表达的阳性率 ( 84 2 % )明显高于相应正常组织 ( 12 3 % ) (P <0 0 1) ,其表达水平与浸润深度、淋巴结转移及TNM分期有关 (P <0 0 5 ) ,与分化程度无关 (P >0 0 5 )。 ( 3 )胃癌组织PTEN和P ERK蛋白表达之间呈明显负相关 (P <0 0 1)。结论 :提示PTEN和P ERK蛋白表达与胃癌生物学行为密切相关 ;在胃癌发生、发展过程中 ,可能是由于PTEN蛋白的低表达或失表达 ,不能有效抑制Ras/Raf/MEK /ERK信号通路的异常激活 ,使细胞发生癌变 ,并促进癌变细胞的浸润、转移     

现代残疾康复理念、政策与社区康复体系研究

本研究分析了当代残疾康复的理念和理论架构,构建了以国际公约、决议和政策、国内法律和政策以及操作性工具3个层次的康复理论体系;运用包容性发展,分析探讨了当代社区康复的体系和特点;就发展康复事业、为残疾人提供全面系统的康复服务提出相关的政策建议。     

我院文职护士管理和培训的实践与体会

目的构建文职护士培训、使用及管理的科学方法。方法通过规范管理、科学施训、作为骨干大胆任用等多种管理方式,使文职护士得到充分的发展。结果文职护士群体成长为医院优秀骨干,首批满3年的文职护士顺利通过续聘考核。结论科学的管理培训是文职护士成长的重要基石,对医院护理管理有着重要作用。     

Comparison of short-term and long-term protocols for stabilization and preservation of RNA and DNA of Leishmania, Trypanosoma, and Plasmodium

Molecular tools continue to be important in the prevention and control of parasitic diseases. However, using these techniques directly in the field remains a major challenge. Therefore, the preservation of clinical samples collected from endemic field areas for later analysis remains an important preanalytical process. This study aimed at identifying a suitable protocol for stabilization and preservation of RNA and DNA in bioclinical specimens for Trypanosoma, Leishmania, and Plasmodium research. Both spiked and unspiked blood samples were preserved in 7 protocols (different media; storage temperatures). Samples were evaluated for possible degradation of DNA and RNA along the storage duration up to the 10th week. Nucleic acid targets were assessed as follows: (i) Trypanosoma and Plasmodium RNA analysis was done using real-time nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (RT-NASBA) for 18S rRNA and for stage-specific Pfs25 mRNA, respectively; (ii) Trypanosoma DNA assessment analysis was conducted by using a conventional PCR for 18S rDNA; (iii) Leishmania RNA analysis was performed with a quantitative NASBA for 18S rRNA and Leishmania DNA assessment with an RT-PCR for 18S rDNA. Findings suggested that a newly developed L3™ buffer proved to be reliable and suitable for both short- and long-term preservation of parasite nucleic acid material. This buffer is envisaged to be suitable for utilization in field situations where resources are limited.     

国内外唇腭裂专科护理发展现状的文献研究及分析

目的了解和分析国内唇腭裂专科护理工作发展的现状。方法检索并分析万方医学网、中国知网、Springer Link及PubMed英文数据库近6年有关唇腭裂手术的围术期护理、患儿的喂养、手术安全管理、围术期疼痛研究以及心理护理的相关文献。结果共检索出国内文献89篇(核心期刊20篇)、国外文献22篇,其中围术期护理38篇、患儿的喂养16篇、手术安全管理10篇、围术期疼痛研究10篇、心理护理15篇。结论与国外文献相比,国内论文总结和回顾性居多,应增加研究探讨性论文,从而促进唇腭裂临床护理工作专科化的发展。     

History of violence and subjective health of mother and child

Objective: To study the self-reported prevalence of experienced violence among a cohort of women about two years after giving birth, their health during pregnancy, pregnancy outcomes and their experience of their child’s health.

Setting and subjects: In 2011, a total of 657 women participated in phase III of the Childbirth and Health Cohort Study in Icelandic Primary Health Care, 18 to 24 months after delivery. The women had previously participated in phase I around pregnancy week 16 and phase II 5–6 months after delivery. Data were collected by postal questionnaires.

Main outcome measures: Women’s reported history of experienced violence, sociodemographic and obstetric background, self-perceived health, the use of medications and their child’s perceived health.

Results: In phase III, 16% of women reported experiencing violence. These women felt less support from their current partner (p?p?p?p?p?p?=?0.008).

Conclusions: Our study confirms that a history of violence is common among women. A history of violence is associated with various maternal health problems during and after pregnancy, a higher rate of caesarean sections and maternal reports of health problems in their child 18–24 months after birth.

• KEY POINTS

• Violence is a major concern worldwide. Understanding the impact of violence on human health and developing effective preventive measures are important elements of any public health agenda.

• ??The reported prevalence of experiencing violence was 16% among women attending antenatal care in the primary health care setting in Iceland.

• ??Women with a history of violence reported worse health in general during pregnancy and delivered more often by caesarean section, compared to women with no such history.

• ??Mothers with a history of violence also evaluated the general health of their child as worse than women with no such history.

• ??The findings of this study support the importance of recognizing and addressing experienced violence among women in primary care.

     

城乡学童个性行为特征调查

目的探讨农村与城市儿童的个性行为特征。方法将97名农村学龄儿童设为农村组,97名城市学龄儿童设为城市组,采用艾森克个性问卷一儿童版和Achenbach’s 行为量表一儿童版进行评定分析。结果两组学龄儿童艾森克个性问卷各维度评分均无显著性差异（P均〉0．05）,且与全国常模相一致（P均〉0．05）;农村组男学童Achenbach’s行为量表违纪行为、攻击行为及外向型因子分均显著高于城市组,女学童退缩、社交问题因子分均显著高于城市组（P〈0．05或0．01）,其他因子分均无显著性差异（P均〉0．05）。结论农村与城市儿童个性无显著差异,而农村儿童存在较多的行为问题,可能与其所受教养和生活方式有关。     

Rates and risks of transmission of smallpox and mechanisms of prevention

In 1980, the World Health Organization declared smallpox eradicated from the world; the last known natural case had occurred in Somalia in 1977, and the United States had stopped routinely vaccinating its citizens in 1972. However, with increasing concerns regarding domestic and international terrorism, smallpox has resurfaced as a potential threat to global health. We review the direct and indirect modes of smallpox transmission and how patterns of transmission vary substantially, depending on the severity of circulating disease, vaccination status, environmental and socioeconomic factors, and the setting of an outbreak. We examine mechanisms for controlling outbreaks of disease and preventing further transmission in the event of an outbreak, with an emphasis on smallpox vaccination.     

通用设计原则与产品研发策略

本文介绍了通用设计的概念和设计原则,并阐述了根据此原则实施通用设计的产品研发策略。通用设计惠及的不仅是残疾人,也惠及了包括普通公众在内的广泛人群,以及企业。应将通用设计的原理应融入政府相关政策和未来发展的规划中,为残疾人以及更多人群提供合理便利的通用设计产品。     

Quality and suitability of antimicrobial discs: theoretical and practical sources of error and variability

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The use of antimicrobial discs remains one of the main methods for assessing antibiotic activity. Most discs are made to one of three main standards (FDA, WHO, DIN); these all describe an assay method for assessing the quality of discs using a linear method. Theory predicts a curved relationship, and this is backed up in many cases in practice. In such cases, the assays are potentially invalid. Other sources of uncertainty arising from the manufacturing processes employed are also discussed.

Areas covered: This includes error arising from applying FDA, WHO, and DIN standards, the manufacturing techniques employed, and variation in the materials used in production. The need for a specification that relates directly to the use of the discs is also discussed.

Expert opinion: Manufactured discs, some of which may be out of specification due to curvature and other sources of error, have been used to establish quality zone sizes. Quality zone sizes have then been used to measure the quality of discs. This circular quality system where there is no quantitative check is potentially unsafe. In the many decades of their use, there has been no comprehensive check on the quality of manufactured discs using quantitative, validated assays.